Beginning Mac OS X Snow Leopard Programming

651 Pages·2010·35.06 MB·English

by  Michael Trent, Drew McCormack

BEGINNING
Mac OS® X Snow Leopard™ Programming
Michael Trent and Drew McCormack
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Beginning Mac OS® X Snow Leopard™ Programming
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CONTENTS
PART I: MAC OS X DEVELOPER RESOURCES
CHAPTER 1: THE MAC OS X ENVIRONMENT 3
Introducing the Mac OS X 4
The Core Operating System 6
The Kernel 8
The System Library 9
Unix Commands 9
Graphics and Media Layers 12
The Quartz Compositor 12
Quartz 2D 15
OpenGL 15
QuickTime 15
Core Animation 16
Application Frameworks and UI 16
Cocoa 17
Carbon 17
Java JDK 18
Apple Human Interface Guidelines 19
Summary 20
CHAPTER 2: DEVELOPER TOOLS 23
Installing the Developer Software 23
Developer Applications 24
Build Tools 24
Performance Tools 24
Other Utilities 31
Command-Line Tools 36
Developer Documentation and Examples 39
Conceptual Documentation 40
API Reference 43
Examples 44
Man Pages 45
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CONTENTS
Apple Developer Connection 46
Documentation 47
Examples 48
Mailing Lists 49
Developer Tools 49
Developer Support 50
Summary 50
CHAPTER 3: XCODE 53
Starting a New Project 54
Working with Files 58
Writing Your Code 63
A Second Look at Indenting 69
Building and Running 71
Finding Problems with the Static Analyzer 75
Using the Debugger 78
Online Documentation 85
Summary 92
CHAPTER 4: INTERFACE BUILDER 95
Starting a New Interface 96
Building Menus 99
Building Windows 102
Making Windows Resizable 108
Summary 112
PART II: APPLICATION PROGRAMMING
CHAPTER 5: THE APPLICATION 117
Basic Bundle Structure 118
Opaque Directory 118
Versioned Bundles 119
The Info.plist File 120
Executable Code 122
Global Resources 122
Localized Resources 122
Examining Application Bundles 123
Building an Application Bundle 127
Application Preferences 137
Summary 142
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 6: THE C LANGUAGE 145
A Little History 145
Getting Started 146
Variables and Data Types 149
Operators 152
Arrays and Pointers 156
Conditional Branching 163
Loops 168
Functions and Blocks 175
Characters and Strings 179
Input/Output 184
Data Structures 193
Memory Management 196
The Preprocessor 200
Organizing Programs 206
Summary 227
CHAPTER 7: THE OBJECTIVE-C LANGUAGE 229
Object-Oriented Programming 230
Classes and Objects 231
Methods 234
Data Hiding 240
Subclassing 242
Messaging 246
Protocols and Informal Protocols 247
Naming Conventions 252
Creating and Destroying Objects 253
Memory Management 257
Accessor Methods and Properties 261
Summary 288
CHAPTER 8: INTRODUCTION TO COCOA 291
Connecting Cocoa Interfaces 292
Connecting Interfaces Manually with Outlets and Actions 292
Working with Cocoa Bindings 302
The Model/View/Controller Design Pattern 309
Summary 310
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 9: DOCUMENT-BASED COCOA APPLICATIONS 313
Working with Documents 314
Creating a New Document 315
Subclassing Controls in Interface Builder 327
Connecting Menus 330
Summary 337
CHAPTER 10: CORE DATA–BASED COCOA APPLICATIONS 341
Archiving Objective-C Objects 342
Modeling Objects with Core Data 343
Connecting User Interface to Core Data 348
Selecting Files with Open Panels 362
Creating New Documents 366
Sorting Results 370
Using Transient Objects 372
Application Preferences 376
Summary 384
PART III: SCRIPT PROGRAMMING
CHAPTER 11: OVERVIEW OF SCRIPTING LANGUAGES 389
What Is a Script? 390
What Is a Scripting Language? 390
Bash 391
Why Bash? 391
More Information 395
AppleScript 396
Why AppleScript? 396
More Information 400
Python 400
Why Python? 401
More Information 410
Ruby 410
Why Ruby? 411
More Information 417
JavaScript 417
Why JavaScript? 417
More Information 421
Other Scripting Languages 421
Summary 422
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CONTENTS
CHAPTER 12: THE BASH SHELL 425
Getting Started 425
The Command-Line Interface 426
Interactive versus Script 426
The Terminal Application 427
Editors 427
Confi guring Bash 429
Unix Basics 433
Paths 433
Locating and Learning Commands 434
Running Commands and Other Executables 436
Redirecting Input and Output 438
Navigating the File System 443
Working with Files and Directories 446
File Permissions 449
Globbing 452
Searching for Files 455
Working with Text 458
Process Control 463
Mac OS X Exclusive Commands 466
Overview of Other Commands 467
Shell Programming 468
Scripts 468
Variables 469
Quoting 473
Conditional Branching 474
Looping 478
Functions 480
Summary 484
CHAPTER 13: APPLESCRIPT AND APPLESCRIPTOBJC 487
AppleScript 488
Creating an AppleScript 488
Scriptable and Recordable Applications 490
Apple Events 490
Variables and Data Types 491
Handlers 497
Control Statements 501
Operators 511
Specifying Elements 515
Scripts and Objects 518
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CONTENTS
Classes 521
Working with Scripts 521
AppleScript Applications 531
The AppleScriptObjC Bridge 532
Using Xcode 533
Using Interface Builder 535
Summary 549
CHAPTER 14: JAVASCRIPT, DASHBOARD, AND DASHCODE 553
JavaScript 554
Dashboard 560
Dashcode 576
Summary 589
Appendix A: Answers to Exercises 591
Appendix B: Developer Resources 631
INDEX 633
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PART I
Mac OS X Developer Resources
(cid:1) CHAPTER 1: The Mac OS X Environment
(cid:1) CHAPTER 2: Developer Tools
(cid:1) CHAPTER 3: Xcode
(cid:1) CHAPTER 4: Interface Builder
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1
The Mac OS X Environment
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN IN THIS CHAPTER:
➤ How the Mac OS X operating system is structured, including what
the major areas of the system are and how they work together
➤ How to use Mac OS X ’ s command - line interface
➤ How applications take advantage of the operating system services
on Mac OS X
➤ How Apple encourages a common look and feel for Mac OS X
applications
Welcome to the wonderful world of Mac OS X, the next - generation operating system from
Apple Computer!
The Mac OS X operating system powers modern Macintosh computers. After many long
years and a few scrapped attempts to modernize the older Mac OS operating system, Apple
released Mac OS X in April 2001. Since then, Apple has released a steady stream of upgrades
and system updates. This book was written around Mac OS X v10.6 Snow Leopard, the
latest version.
To write software for Mac OS X, you need to know your way around the system. By now
you may already be familiar with Mac OS X ’ s applications and user interface style. Those
things all rest on top of a number of subsystems and services that make up the Mac OS X
operating system.
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