Beginning DirectX 9

353 Pages·2004·5.107 MB·English

by  Jones W.

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© 2004 by Premier Press, a division of Course Technology. All rights reserved. Senior Vice President,
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any Course PTR Group:
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any Andy Shafran
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Important: Course PTR cannot provide software support. Please contact the Senior Acquisitions Editor:
appropriate software manufacturer’s technical support line or Web site for Emi Smith
assistance.
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Joseph Hall
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To my children,

Virginia, Elizabeth, and Ian

and my forever, Ilene.
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Acknowledgments

I
’d definitely like to thank Emi Smith and Karen Gill for working so patiently with me
in the writing of this book. I’m very grateful to Joseph Hall for agreeing to do the
technical editing. His comments regarding the code samples kept me sane.
I’d also like to thank Course PTR for giving me the opportunity to present such a won-
derful topic as DirectX.
Finally, I’d like to send a heartfelt thank you to Albert James, my friend and mentor, who
helped me embrace my love for programming and allow it to grow.
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About the Author

WENDY JONES devoted herself to computers the first time her eyes befell an Apple IIe in
elementary school. From that point on, she spent every free moment learning BASIC and
graphics programming, sketching out her ideas on graph paper to type in later. Other
computer languages followed, including Pascal, C, Java, and C++.
As Wendy’s career in computers took off, she branched out from DOS, teaching herself
Windows programming and then jumping into the dot-com world for a bit. Although
Internet companies provided cash, they didn’t provide fulfillment, so Wendy started
expanding her programming skills to games, devoting any extra energy to its pursuit.
Wendy’s true passion became apparent when she got the opportunity to work for Atari’s
Humongous Entertainment as a game programmer. During her time at Atari, she worked
on both PC and console titles, thrilled with the challenge they provided.
Wendy is currently working with PocketPC software and handheld gaming devices.
If you have any comments or questions about this book, you can reach Wendy at
[email protected].
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Contents at a Glance

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv
Part I Getting Down the Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Chapter 1 The What, Why, and How of DirectX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Chapter 2 Your First DirectX Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Chapter 3 Surfaces, Sprites, and Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Part II It’s a 3D World After All . . . . . . . . . . .63
Chapter 4 3D Primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Chapter 5 Matrices, Transforms, and Rotations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
Chapter 6 Vertex Colors, Texture Mapping, and 3D Lighting . . . . . .117
Chapter 7 Meshes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147
Chapter 8 Point Sprites, Particles, and Pyrotechnics . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177
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Contents at a Glance vii
Part III Additional Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .199
Chapter 9 Using DirectInput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201
Chapter 10 DirectSound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237
Chapter 11 The Final Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257
Part IV Appendixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .293
Appendix A Answers to End-of-Chapter Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295
Appendix B Using the CD-ROM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .311
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .315
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .318
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Contents

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xv
Part I Getting Down the Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Chapter 1
The What, Why, and How of DirectX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
What Is DirectX? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
The Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Why Is DirectX Needed? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
How Is DirectX Put Together? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
The Component Object Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
The Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Chapter 2
Your First DirectX Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Creating the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Adding the Windows Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
WinMain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
InitWindow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
WndProc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Time for DirectX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
The Direct3D Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
Creating the Rendering Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Clearing the Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Displaying the Scene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Cleaning Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
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Contents
ix
Updating the Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Changing the Message Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
The Init Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
The Render Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
The cleanUp Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Adding the DirectX Libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Taking the Game Full Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Video Modes and Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Gathering Video Adapter and Driver Information . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Getting the Display Modes for an Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
A Code Example for Querying the Video Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . .32
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Chapter 3 Surfaces, Sprites, and Salmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
You’ve Just Touched the Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
The Display Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Offscreen Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Loading a Bitmap to a Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Using DirectX to Render a Bitmap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
StretchRect Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Sprites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
What Do Sprites Need? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Representing a Sprite in Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Creating Your First Sprite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
Moving Your Sprite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Animating Your Sprite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
Displaying the Animated Sprites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
Why Is It So Fast? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Timers: How to Animate on Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Timing Under Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Using QueryPerformanceCounter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Getting the Time for Each Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Changing the Animation to Be Time Based . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
Chapter Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Part II It’s a 3D World After All . . . . . . . . . . .63
Chapter 4 3D Primer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
3D Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
Coordinate Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
Defining a Point in 2D Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66