Becoming White Clay: A History and Archaeology of Jicarilla Apache Enclavement

321 Pages·2012·3.56 MB·English

by  B. Sunday Eiselt

Becoming White clay

Becoming
White
cl ay
a history and archaeology
of Jicarilla apache enclavement
B. Sunday Eiselt
The University of Utah Press
Salt Lake City
Copyright © 2012 by The University of Utah Press. All rights reserved.
The Defiance House Man colophon is a registered trademark
of the University of Utah Press. It is based on a four-foot-tall
Ancient Puebloan pictograph (late PIII) near Glen Canyon, Utah.
16 15 14 13 12 1 2 3 4 5
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Eiselt, B. Sunday.
Becoming White Clay : a history and archaeology of
Jicarilla Apache enclavement / B. Sunday Eiselt.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
isbn 978-1-60781-202-9 (ebook)
1. Jicarilla Indians — Migrations. 2. Jicarilla Indians —
Land tenure. 3. Jircarilla Indians — Antiquities.
4. Excavations (Archaeology) — Chama Valley (Colo. and
N.M.) 5. Chama Valley (Colo. and N.M.) — Antiquities.
I. Title.
E99.J5E57 2012
978.8'01 — dc23
2012014586
Printed and bound by Sheridan Books, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan.
To Andy

contents
List of Illustrations ix
Acknowledgments xi
1. Introduction 1
2. The University of the Future 13
part i: on Becoming White clay
3. Jicarilla Apache Origins and the Great Dene Migration 25
4. The Dawn of History in Apachería 62
5. Becoming White Clay: Jicarilla Encapsulation and
Enclavement 99
part ii: on Being White clay
6. Place-making and Meaning in the Jicarilla Enclave 143
7. The Social Context of Jicarilla Enclavement 170
8. The Archaeology of the Jicarilla Ollero Enclave 197
9. Synthesis and Conclusions 247
References 257
Index 297
vii

illustrations
3.1. Distributions of Athapaskan language groups 27
3.2. The Athapaskan migration corridor 43
3.3. Chronologies of archaeological cultures in the Athapaskan
migration corridor 44
3.4. Dismal River ceramics 48
3.5. Ocate Micaceous pottery vessels 50
4.1. Distributions of Pueblo villages relative to Apache territories,
ca. 1550–1600 67
4.2. Athapaskan and neighboring Plains groups, ca. 1625 71
4.3. Athapaskan groups, ca. 1702 73
4.4. Athapaskan groups and their relationships, ca. 1540–1840 74
5.1. Movements of Plains Indian groups into Apache territory 101
5.2. Plains Apache alliances and band movements of the 1700s 113
6.1. Locations of Ollero and Llanero districts, hunting grounds, and
family camps 149
6.2. Jicarilla territory and cosmogeography 154
6.3. Llanero and Ollero racers in the 1906 Gojia celebration 156
6.4. Pedernal Peak 158
6.5. Land grant boundaries in Ollero and Llanero territories 164
7.1. The lower Chama Valley and Tewa Basin 180
7.2. The Río del Oso watershed in 1875 190
7.3. Río del Oso survey coverage 192
7.4. Jicarilla and San Lorenzo archaeological sites 194
8.1. Typical vecino household compound within the
Río del Oso grant 200
8.2. Jicarilla settlement areas 203
8.3. Ring counts for individual encampments in settlement
areas 204
8.4. Settlement area 3 contour map 205
ix