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Becoming Better Muslims: Religious Authority and Ethical Improvement in Aceh, Indonesia PDF

239 Pages·2018·4.733 MB·English
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BECOMING B ETTER M USLIMS Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics Dale F. Eickelman and Augustus Richard Norton, Series Editors A list of titles in this series can be found at the back of the book Becoming Better Muslims Religious Authority and Ethical Improvement in Aceh, Indonesia David Kloos PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD Copyright © 2018 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TR press.princeton.edu Jacket images: 1) Sky background courtesy of Toshiyuki IMAI / Flickr. 2) Entrance to mosque on the way to Tampeng, Indonesia © Nicole Segers. All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Kloos, David, author. Title: Becoming better Muslims : religious authority and ethical improvement in Aceh, Indonesia / David Kloos. Description: Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 2017. | Series: Princeton studies in Muslim politics | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017037074| ISBN 9780691176642 (hardback) | ISBN 9780691176659 (paperback) Subjects: LCSH: Islam—Indonesia—Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. | Muslims—Indonesia— Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam—Conduct of life. | Islamic ethics—Indonesia—Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. | Islamic law—Indonesia—Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. | BISAC: SOCIAL SCIENCE / Anthropology / Cultural. | SOCIAL SCIENCE / Islamic Studies. | SOCIAL SCIENCE / Sociology of Religion. | RELIGION / Islam / Rituals & Practice. | PHILOSOPHY / Ethics & Moral Philosophy. | HISTORY / Asia / Southeast Asia. Classification: LCC BP63.I52 N365 2017 | DDC 297.09598/11—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017037074 British Library Cataloging- in- Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Adobe Text Pro and Gotham. Printed on acid- free paper. ∞ Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To my parents CONTENTS List of Illustrations ix Preface and Acknowledgments xi Note on Spelling, Transliteration, and Italicization xvii Map of Aceh xix Introduction: Inner Islam and the Problem of Acehnese Exceptionalism 1 A Narrative of Violence and Piety 2 Religious Agency and Ethical Improvement: An Interactive Approach 6 Ordinary Ethics, Moral Failure, and the Sense of a Life Unfolding 10 Islam in Aceh as a Subject of Study 14 Fieldwork 17 Organization of the Book 23 1 History and the Imagining of Pious Aceh 26 Reconfigurations of Authority 28 Islam and the Imperial War 33 Belief and Practice in a Society in Flux 38 Islamic Activism 44 Violence and the Transformation of the Public Sphere 48 Conclusion 51 2 The Limits of Normative Islam 53 Occupation, Revolution, Rebellion 56 Exemplars of Reform 60 The Limits of Normative Islam 63 Villages in the New Order 67 vii viii CONTENTS The Lheueh Dispute 71 Conclusion 75 3 Village Society and the Problem of Moral Authority 77 Beyond the Politics of Violence and Grief 78 A Crisis of Solidarity 82 Generation and the Perception of Moral Authority 88 The Theft from the Dayah 92 “My Father Is a Good Man but Too Stubborn” 97 Village Politics and the Reconceptualization of Local Leadership 100 Conclusion 103 4 Islamic Scripturalism and Everyday Life after the Disaster 105 Routines and Debates in a Tsunami- Affected Neighborhood 107 A Lost Zeal for Business 111 Heaven Lies under Mother’s Feet 115 Money, Piety, and Senses of Community 118 Age, Life Phase, and the Inward Turn 123 Conclusion 129 5 Becoming Better Muslims: Sinning, Repentance, Improvement 131 Sinning, Shariʿa, and the Moral Pressures of the Postwar, Post- tsunami Moment 132 Early Life Discipline, Older Age Consciousness: The Repentance of Rahmat 137 The Responsibilities of Yani 143 Aris, Indra, and the Morality of Failure and Success 148 The Knowledge of Sins: Competing Models of Ethical Improvement? 153 Conclusion 158 Conclusion 159 Notes 171 Glossary and Abbreviations 185 References 191 Index 207 ILLUSTRATIONS 1. “Kapal Apung,” Banda Aceh (December 2006) xii 2. “Jurong,” Aceh Besar (August 2010) 20 3. “Blang Daruet,” Banda Aceh (November 2009) 21 4. View of Banda Aceh (January 2010) 25 5. Friday sermon in Calang, West Aceh (May 1922) 39 6. Eye doctor J. Tijssen, Bakongan, South Aceh (February 1939) 41 7. The communal hall in Jurong (August 2010) 94 ix

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