Battling Terrorism in the Horn of Africa

221 Pages·2005·3.39 MB·English

by  Robert I. Rotberg (Editor)

Battling
Terrorism
Horn of Africa
in the
Robert I. Rotberg,
Editor
0010203 04 05
0010203 04 05
0010203 04 05
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Battling Terrorism
in the
Horn of Africa
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Other World Peace Foundation Books
by Robert I. Rotberg
State Failure and State Weakness in a Time ofTerror
(2003)
Ending Autocracy,Enabling Democracy:
The Tribulations ofSouthern Africa 1960–2000
(2002)
Peacekeeping and Peace Enforcement in Africa:
Methods ofConflict Prevention
(2000)
Creating Peace in Sri Lanka: Civil War and Reconciliation
(1999)
Burma: Prospects for a Democratic Future
(1998)
War and Peace in Southern Africa: Crimes,Drugs,Armies,Trade
(1998)
Haiti Renewed: Political and Economic Prospects
(1997)
Vigilance and Vengeance:
NGOs Preventing Ethnic Conflict in Divided Societies
(1996)
From Massacres to Genocide:
The Media,Public Policy,and Humanitarian Crises
(1996)
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Battling
Terrorism
Horn of Africa
in the
Robert I. Rotberg
Editor
World Peace Foundation
Cambridge,Massachusetts
Brookings Institution Press
Washington,D.C.
00-7570-6 ch0 rotberg fm 10/17/05 1:44 PM Page iv
About Brookings
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education,and publication on important issues ofdomestic and foreign policy.Its principal
purpose is to bring the highest quality independent research and analysis to bear on current
and emerging policy problems.Interpretations or conclusions in Brookings publications
should be understood to be solely those ofthe authors.
Copyright © 2005
The World Peace Foundation
Battling Terrorism in the Horn ofAfrica may be ordered from:
Brookings Institution Press,c/o HFS,P.O.Box 50370,Baltimore,MD 21211-4370
Tel.:[phone] Fax:[phone]
www.brookings.edu
All rights reserved.No part ofthis publication may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing
from the Brookings Institution Press.
Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication data
Battling terrorism in the Horn ofAfrica / Robert I.Rotberg,editor.
p.cm.
Summary:"Examines the state ofgovernance in the countries ofthe greater Horn ofAfrica
region—Djibouti,Eritrea,Ethiopia,Kenya,Somalia,the Sudan,and Yemen—and discusses
strategies to combat the transnational threat ofterrorism,including suggestions for more
effective U.S.engagement in the region"—Provided by publisher.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13:978-0-8157-7570-6 (cloth :alk.paper)
ISBN-10:0-8157-7570-9 (cloth :alk.paper)
ISBN-13:978-0-8157-7571-3 (pbk.:alk.paper)
ISBN-10:0-8157-7571-7 (pbk.:alk.paper)
1. Terrorism—Africa,Northeast—Prevention.2. Islam and politics—Africa,Northeast.
I.Rotberg,Robert I.II.World Peace Foundation.III.Brookings Institution.
HV6433.A3553C65 2005
363.32'0963—dc22 2005023711
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
The paper used in this publication meets minimum requirements ofthe
American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence ofPaper
for Printed Library Materials:ANSI Z39.48-1992.
Typeset in Minion
Composition by OSP,Inc.
Arlington,Virginia
Printed by R.R.Donnelley
Harrisonburg,Virginia
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Contents
Preface vii
1 The Horn ofAfrica and Yemen: 1
Diminishing the Threat of Terrorism
Robert I.Rotberg
2 Somalia and Somaliland: 23
Terrorism,Political Islam,and State Collapse
Kenneth J.Menkhaus
3 Djibouti: 48
A Special Role in the War on Terrorism
Lange Schermerhorn
4 Eritrea:On a Slow Fuse 64
Dan Connell
5 Ethiopia:Governance and Terrorism 93
David H.Shinn
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vi Contents
6 The Sudan:Political Islam and Terrorism 119
Timothy Carney
7 Yemen: 141
Political Economy and the Effort against Terrorism
Robert D.Burrowes
8 Kenya:The Struggle against Terrorism 173
Johnnie Carson
Contributors 193
Index 196
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Preface
T
his book originated in a very lively exchange of views
among a collection ofseasoned diplomats,scholars,intel-
ligence officials, and military officers at the John F. Kennedy
School ofHarvard University in late 2004.The papers discussed
there, now much revised and supplemented, have become the
country chapters that follow. (For a summary of the original
meeting and the discussions that took place,as well as a list of
participants,see Deborah L.West,“Combating Terrorism in the
Horn ofAfrica and Yemen”[Cambridge,Massachusetts,2004],
www.worldpeacefoundation.org/publications.html.) Deborah
West guided the detailed editorial process that helped to trans-
form the early papers into the basis of this book. Elisa Pepe
organized the conference in 2004 and has provided administra-
tive support to the enterprise throughout.
For very useful,timely critiques ofthe first chapter in this vol-
ume, I am extremely grateful to Barbara Bodine, Robert
Burrowes, Timothy J. Carney, Dan Connell, Lange Schermer-
horn,and David Shinn.For their willingness to write well and to
tight deadlines,I am,as editor,enormously appreciative ofall the
vii
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viii Preface
contributors, as well as for their collegiality and astuteness. The Board of
Trustees of the World Peace Foundation,especially Dean Philip Khoury,its
chair,provided strong backing for the meeting and this book;so did Graham
T.Allison, the director of the Belfer Center for Science and International
Affairs in the Kennedy School,and his staff.The authors and I remain pro-
foundly appreciative ofall oftheir advice and support.
Robert I.Rotberg
July 4,2005
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Battling Terrorism
in the
Horn of Africa