Basic Ship Propulsion

584 Pages·022.789 MB·English

by  J. P. Ghose, R. P. Gokarn

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! BASIC SHIP PROPULSION
I J.P. Ghose
;~ R.P. Gokarn
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Formerly with
Department of Ocean Engineering and Naval Architecture

Indian Institute 'of Technology

Kharagpur

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ALLIED PUBLISHERS Pvt. LIMITED 9
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Dedicated

to Teachers:

OUT
,
.. Professor S.C. Mitra (b. 1914)
Professor S.D. Niganl (b. 1924)
Professor T.S. Raghuram (b. 1928)
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Acknowledgements
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I The authors acknowledge their debt to the students of the Department of
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Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,
Kharagpur, who provided the motivation for writing this book. The authors
would also like to acknowledge the support and encouragement they received
from their colleagues in the Department. Professor O.P. Shagave valuable
guidance in matters relating to the use of computers. Mi. R.K. Banik typed
the mariuscript. The authors are deeply gra;teful to them.
The manuscript of this book was initiallywritten by Professor Ghose, who
wishes to acknowledge the financial support received from the University
Grants Commission. Professor Chengi Kuo of Strathc1yde University re­
viewed Professor Ghose's manuscript and made some suggestions, for which
the authors are very gratefuL The book was then completely revised and
rewritten by Professor Gokarn taking into account Professor Kuo's com­
ments as well as the comments of an expert who reviewed Professor Ghose's
manuscript. The authors are greatly indebted to Allied Publishers Lim­
ited and particularly to Mr. Suresh Gopal, Publishing Consultant, for their
patience, support, encouragement and guidance during the period that the
book was being rewritten.
.
.
Copyright Acknowledgements
A book such as this leans heavily on the work of others, and the authors
gratefully acknowledge their debt to the writers of the publications listed in
the Bibliography.
Specific thanks are due to the following for permission to reproduce copy­
right material:
vii
viii Basic Ship Propulsion
1. Dover Publications Inc., New York, for Tables A2.1, A5.1, A5.2 and ,
A5.3.
)
2. The Indian Register of Shipping, Mumbai, for Equation 7.41 and Table
7.6.
3. *The International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), Geneva,
Switzerland, for Table 11.3.
4. International Shipbuilding Progress, Delft, The Netherlands, for Equa­
tions 9.1, 9.37, A3.1, A3.2, A3.3, A3.4, A3.7, A3.8, A3.9, A3.1O, A4.13,
A4.14, A4.25, A4.26, A4.27, A4.33, A4.34 and A4.35, Figures 4.5, 4.6
and 4.7, and Tables 4.2,9.6, A3.1, A3.2, A3.3, A3.4, A3.5, A3.6, A3.8,
A3.9, A3.10, A3.11, A3.12 and A4.3.
5. *The International Towing Tank Conference for Equations 8~8, 8.19,
8.10, 8.11, 8.25. 8.30 and 8.31.
6. *Lloyd's Register of Shipping, Londpn, for Equation 7.39, Figur~ 9.1
and Tables 7.2, 7.3 and 7.4.
I
7. The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, London, for Equations
A4.12, A4.24 and A4.32, Figure 4.4 and Table 4.1.
8. *The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, New Jersey,
for Equations 9.31, 9.38, 11.13, 11.20, 11.21, 11.22, 11.23, A4.3, A4.4,
A4.5, A4.6, A4.17, A4.18, A4.19, A4.28 and A4.29, Figures 9.2 and
12.11, and Table 9.5.
*Some of the organisations which have given permissi~n to reproduce copy­
right material require the following to be explicitly stated:
1. International Organisation for Standardisation:
Table 11.3 - Summary of manufacturing tolerances for ship propellers
taken from ISO 484/2:1981 has been reproduced with the permission of
the International Organisation for Standardisation, ISO. This standard
can be obtained from any member body or directly from the Central
Secretariat, ISO, Case postal 56, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland. Copy­
right remains \\lith ISO.
______________ ___-2
Acknowledgements ix
2. International Towing Tank Conference:
The ITTC cannot take any responsibility that the authors have quoted
the latest version andjor quoted correctly.
3. Lloyd's Register of Shipping:
Equation 7.39, Figure 9.1 and Tables 7.2, 7.3 and 7.4 of this publication
reproduce matter contained in the qoyd's Register of Shipping Rules
and Regulations for the Classification of'ShipsjRules for the Mainte­
nance, Testing and Certification of Materials produced under licence
from Lloyd's Register of Shipping, 71 Fenchurch Street, London, Eng­
land EC3M 4BS.
4. Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers:
Equations 9.31, 9.38, 11.13, 11.20, 11.21, 11.22, 11.23, A4.3, A4.4,
A4.5, A4.6, A4.17, A4.18, A4.19, A4.28, and A4.29, Figures 9.2 and
12.11, Table 9.5 and parts of Section 12.14 are reproduced with the
permission of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers
(SNAME). Material originally appearing in SNAM~ publications can­
not be reproduced without the written permission from the Society,
601 Pavonia Avenue, Jersey City, NJ 7306, USA.
The authors are grateful to the following individuals for their help in get­
ting copyright permissions:
1. Ms. Pam Cote and Mr. John Grafton, Dover Publications Inc.
2. Mr. D.G. Sarangdhar, Chief Surveyor, Indian Register of Shipping.
3. Mr. Jacques-Olivier Chabot, Director (General Services and Market­
ing, International Organisation for Standardisation).
4. Ir. J.H. Vink, Chief Editor, International Shipbuilding Progress.
,
.
5. Admiral U. Grazioli, Chairman, and Dr. E. De Bernardis, Secretary,
23rd Executive Committee, International Towing Tank Conference.
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x Basic Ship Propulsion
6. Mr. K. Neelakantan, Administrative Manager for India and Sri Lanka,
Lloyd's Register of Shipping.
7. Mr. Trevor Blakeley, Chief Executive, The Royal Institution of Naval
Architects.
8. Ms. Susan Grove Evans, Publications Manager, The Society of Naval
Architects and Marine Engineers.
The authors would further like to add that the equations, figures and tables
taken from previously published books and papers have been modified, where
necessary to conform to the format of this book. Any errors resulting from
these modifications are the sole responsibility oBhe authors.
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Preface
In our long experience of teaching the subject of Ship Propulsion to un­
dergraduate and postgraduate students of Naval Architecture at the Indian
Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, we have often felt the need for a basic
text which would describe adequately the essential elements of ship propul­
sion. This book attempts to fulfil this need. "Basic Ship Propulsion", as
implied in its title, deals with the fundamentals of ship propulsion. How­
ever. an attempt has also been made to cover the subject comprehensivelY:'
A bibliography is provided for those readers who wish to pursue particular
topics in greater detail and to an advanced level. A special feature of this
book is the large number of examples and problems. These examples and
problems have been specially designed to illustrate the principles described
in the text and to aid the reader in understanding the subject.
Chapter 1 introduces the subject of ship propulsion beginning with a short
description of ships and ship propulsion machinery. The various propulsion
devices used in ships are briefly reviewed. Chapter ~ considers the termiJ
nology and geometry of screw propellers, which are the dominant form of
propulsion device used in ships today. The theory of propellers is discussed
next in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 describes the behaviour of a propeller in
undisturbed ("open") water and the methods ofrepresenting propeller open
water characteristics, including those of methodical propeller series. The
behaviour of a propeller when fitted in its customary position at the stern
of a ship, and the resulting hull propeller interaction are discussed next in
Chapter 5. Chapter 6 deals with the phenomenon of propeller cavitation.
The topic of propeller blade strength is considered in Chapter 7. Propulsion
experiments using models are described in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 deals with
the important topic of propeller design, in which methods using experimen­
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tal model data and methods based on propeller theory are both considered.
Speed trials and service performance of ships are discussed in Chapter 10.
Chapter 11 deals with some miscellaneous topics concerning screw propellers.
The last chapter of the book describes ship propulsion devices other than
conventional propellers
Each chapter, except the first, includes examples and problems based on
the material covered in that chapter. The SI system of units has been used
throughout the book, although for historical reasons there are occasional
references to the British system. A notable exception to the use of SI units
in this book is the unit of speed which, in conformity with accepted marine
=
practice, is the knot (1 metric knot 1852 m per hour, 1 British knot::
6080 ft per hour = 1853.1 m per hour; the metric knot has been used as the
unit of speed along 'with m per sec). '
In applying the principles of ship propulsion discussed in this book, it is
now usual to make extensive use of computers. Although we make full use
of computers in our work, we feel that the fundamentals are best learnt
without undue reliance on computers. Therefore, there are only occa,sional
references to computers in this book. Almost all the problems may be'solved
without using computers. However, the reader may save consider::ble time
and effort by using a "spreadsheet" for those problems involving tabular
calculations. We have solved many of the problems and examples using
Microsoft "Excel". We have also preferred t~ give much of the data required
for designing propellers and similar tasks in the form of equations or tables
rather, than as design charts. This should facilitate the use of computers for
these tasks.
Some useful data are given in the appendices at the end of the book, and
there is a glossary of technical terms to help a reader unfamiliar with terms
commonly used by naval architects and marine engineers.
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