Basic Research Advancement for Algal Biofuels Production

280 Pages·2023·6.748 MB·English

by  Neha Srivastava, P.K. Mishra

Clean Energy Production Technologies
Series Editors: Neha Srivastava · P. K. Mishra
Neha Srivastava
P. K. Mishra   Editors
Basic Research
Advancement
for Algal Biofuels
Production
Clean Energy Production Technologies
SeriesEditors
NehaSrivastava,DepartmentofChemicalEngineeringandTechnology,IIT(BHU)
Varanasi,Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India
P.K.Mishra,DepartmentofChemicalEngineeringandTechnology,IIT(BHU)
Varanasi,Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India
Theconsumptionoffossilfuelshasbeencontinuouslyincreasingaroundtheglobe
and simultaneously becoming the primary cause of global warming as well as
environmentalpollution.Duetolimitedlifespanoffossilfuelsandlimitedalternate
energyoptions,energycrisesisimportantconcernfacedbytheworld.Amidstthese
complex environmental and economic scenarios, renewable energy alternates such
as biodiesel, hydrogen, wind, solar and bioenergy sources, which can produce
energy with zero carbon residue are emerging as excellent clean energy source.
Formaximizingtheefficiencyandproductivityofcleanfuelsviagreen&renewable
methods, it’s crucial to understand the configuration, sustainability and techno-
economicfeasibilityofthesepromisingenergyalternates.Thebookseriespresents
a comprehensive coverage combining the domains of exploring clean sources of
energyandensuringitsproductioninaneconomicalaswellasecologicallyfeasible
fashion.Seriesinvolvesrenownedexpertsandacademiciansasvolume-editorsand
authors, from all the regions of the world. Series brings forth latest research,
approaches and perspectives on clean energy production from both developed and
developing parts of world under one umbrella. It is curated and developed by
authoritativeinstitutionsandexpertstoservesglobalreadershiponthistheme.
(cid:129)
Neha Srivastava P. K. Mishra
Editors
Basic Research Advancement
for Algal Biofuels Production
Editors
NehaSrivastava P.K.Mishra
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
andTechnology andTechnology
IIT(BHU)Varanasi IIT(BHU)Varanasi
Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India
ISSN2662-6861 ISSN2662-687X (electronic)
CleanEnergyProductionTechnologies
ISBN978-981-19-6809-9 ISBN978-981-19-6810-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6810-5
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PteLtd.2023
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Preface
Theglobalgreenconceptisspreadingveryrapidlytoachievelong-termsustainabil-
ity in environment and solve energy crises. Renewable energy and biofuels are
potentialenergysourcesbeingdevelopedataveryfasterpaceworldwidetoreplace
fossil fuels. Biofuel production from renewable resources-based feedstock is a
potentialandsustainableoption.Amongdifferentavailablebiofuels,algalbiomass
is emerging as a potential alternative as feedstock as well as a direct source of
biofuels production. Renewable nature, huge availability, and rich in lipids and
carbohydrates are the unique properties of algae which make them potential ideal
candidatesforbiofuelsproduction.However,abasicandkeyunderstandingofthis
microbial group is needed to explore the scientific ground for successful batch as
well asmass scalebiofuels production.Therefore,thisbookprovidesdetails about
basicresearchforpotentialandpracticalalgalbiofuelsproduction.Chapters1and2
presentlatesttrendsinalgalbiofuelsproductionwhileChapters3and4explorealgal
biomassmatsand algalbiofuels production aspotential andideal biofuels options.
Further,Chapter5and6discussalgalbiomassasanefficientkeyfeedstockforalgal
biohydrogen and other biofuels production. Chapters 7 and 8 give new insight on
algalbiofuelsandtheirpropertyaspotentialbiofuelsamongotherexistingbiofuels
whereasChapter9and10discusstheversatilityofalgaeforvariouscleanbiofuels.
Thebasicresearchconceptandapplicationutilitymaybeusefultounderstandand
setthemassscalegoalforpracticalapplicationofalgalbiofuels.Therefore,theaim
ofthecurrentreviewistoexplorethescopeofalgaefortheproductionofdifferent
biofuelsandevaluationofitspotentialasanalternativefeedstock.
Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India NehaSrivastava
P.K.Mishra
v
Acknowledgements
The editors are thankful to all the academicians and scientists whose contributions
have enriched this volume. We also express our deep sense of gratitude to our
parents whose blessings have always prompted us to pursue academic activities
deeply.Itisquitepossible thatinaworkofthisnature,somemistakes might have
crept into the text inadvertently and for these we owe undiluted responsibility. We
aregratefultoallauthorsfortheircontributiontothisbook.Wearealsothankfulto
Springer Nature for giving this opportunity to editors and the Department of
Chemical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU) Varanasi, U.P., India, for all
technicalsupport.Wethankthemfromthecoreofourheart.
vii
Contents
1 RecentAdvancementsinMunicipalWastewaterasSource
ofBiofuelsfromAlgae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
SprihaRaven,ArpitAndrewNoel,JaneFlorinaTirkey,
andArchanaTiwari
2 RecentTrendsforProductionofBiofuelsUsingAlgalBiomass. . . . 27
FarwaAkram,BushraSaleem,MuhammadIrfan,
HafizAbdullahShakir,MuhammadKhan,ShaukatAli,
ShaguftaSaeed,TahirMehmood,andMarceloFranco
3 MicrobialMatsandItsSignificanceinBiofuelProduction. . . . . .. 59
MuhammadAsadJavedandAshrafAlyHassan
4 AlgalBiohydrogenProduction:OpportunitiesandChallenges. . .. 77
MeenalJain,MeenakshiMital,andPujaGupta
5 UsingAlgaeasaRenewableSourceintheProduction
ofBiodiesel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
NesrinDursun
6 VariousApplicationstoMacroalgalandMicroalgalBiomasses
forBiohydrogenandBiomethaneProduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
NesrinDursun
7 AlgalBiofuels:CleanEnergytoCombattheClimateChange. . . . . 187
PurnimaMehta,KartikeySahil,LoveleenKaurSarao,M.S.Jangra,
andS.K.Bhardwaj
8 Thermo-kineticStudyofArthrospiraPlatensisMicroalgae
Pyrolysis:EvaluationofKineticandThermodynamics
Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
SatyaPrakashPandey,AchyutK.Panda,andSachinKumar
ix
x Contents
9 GrowthofChlorellaMinutissimaMicroalgaefromFruitWaste
ExtractforBiodieselProduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
NamrataKumari,GurleenKaurSahani,andSachinKumar
10 Microalgae:AWayTowardSustainableDevelopment
ofaSociety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
KomalAgrawal,TannuRuhil,andPradeepVerma
Chapter 1
Recent Advancements in Municipal
Wastewater as Source of Biofuels from
Algae
SprihaRaven,ArpitAndrewNoel,JaneFlorinaTirkey,
andArchanaTiwari
Abstract Thenormalaquaticmicrofloracomprisingofbacteriaandalgaeperforma
vitalroleinthemaintenanceofanecologicalbalanceofwaterbyconsumingexcess
nutrients.Exploringwastewater asareservoirfornutrientsandconcomitantgener-
ation of value-added products from algae and bacteria is indeed an innovative
approachtowardssustainability.Fortheoptimumexploitationofcurrentwastewater
treatmentinfrastructure,eutrophicwaterbodies likelakes,ponds,andwatercanals
canbeusedforthegrowthofbacteriaandalgae,therebyresolvingthescalabilityand
economic issues. In this chapter we are elaborating the municipal wastewater
remediationpotentialofbacteriaandalgaeandvalorizingtheresultingbiomassfor
diverseapplications.Themicrobialenrichmentinwastewatercanbeenvisagedasa
rapid,economical,andenvironment-friendlyapproachforthewastewater remedia-
tion coupled with the generation of bioactive compounds. The crucial challenges
include the standardization of the culture conditions to grow bacteria and algae in
wastewaterfornutrienteliminationconcomitantwiththegenerationofbiofuelsand
valuableproducts.The biorefineryapproach isanefficient tool tocombatenviron-
mentalpollutioncoupledwiththegenerationofvalue-addedproductslikebiofuels.
Keywords Algae·Bacteria·Biofuels·Remediation·Highvalueproducts·
Wastewater
✉
S.Raven·A.Tiwari( )
DiatomsResearchLaboratory,AmityInstituteofBiotechnology,AmityUniversity,Noida,
UttarPradesh,India
A.A.Noel
AgriBusinessManagement,NationalInstituteofAgriculturalExtensionManagement,
Hyderabad,Telangana,India
J.F.Tirkey
DepartmentofPlantPathology,NainiAgriculturalInstitute(NAI),SHUATS,Prayagraj,Uttar
Pradesh,India
©TheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2023 1
N.Srivastava,P.K.Mishra(eds.),BasicResearchAdvancementforAlgalBiofuels
Production,CleanEnergyProductionTechnologies,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6810-5_1