Basic FORTRAN IV programming

300 Pages·14.713 MB·English

by  Ford, Donald H

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FORTRAN IV |
PROGRAMMING
_ REVISED EDITION
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IRWIN-DORSEY INFORMATION PROCESSING SERIES
Epiror ROBERT B. FETTER Yale University
Basic FORTRAN IV Programming
Basic
FORTRAN IV
Programming
DONALD H. FORD
University of North Dakota
1974
Revised Edition
RICHARD D. IRWIN, INC. Homewood, Illinois 60430
Irwin-Dorsey International London, England WC2H ON)
Irwin-Dorsey Limited Georgetown, Ontario L7G 4B3
© RICHARD D. IRWIN, INC., 1971 and 1974
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publisher.
Revised Edition
First Printing, January 1974
Second Printing, June 1974
Third Printing, December 1974
ISBN 0-256-01580-5
Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 73-87258
Printed in the United States of America
LEARNING SYSTEMS CoMPANY—
a division of Richard D. Irwin, Inc.—has developed a
PROGRAMMED LEARNING AID
to accompany texts in this subject area.
Copies can be purchased through your bookstore
or by writing PLAIDS,
1818 Ridge Road, Homewood, Illinois 60430.
Preface
This revised edition of Basic FORTRAN IV Programming, like the previous
edition, has been written specifically as a textbook for a first course in com-
puter programming. It is designed to teach FORTRAN IV in particular
rather than the art of programming in general. The only mathematical
background required is a year of high school algebra. I have taken special
care to select illustrative examples and problems that the student already
understands so that only the art of communicating to the computer need
be learned.
My purpose in undertaking; this revision has been twofold: (1) to make
the subject matter even easier to teach and to learn, and (2) to expand the
coverage. To accomplish these objectives, three chapters have been com-
pletely rewritten and the remainder have been given detailed editorial at-
tention, illustrations have been improved, and new material has been
added.
Coverage in the previous edition was restricted to Basic FORTRAN IV,
a subset of the full version of the language. I have expanded this edition
to include several of the more useful features of the full version of the
language which are not available in the subset (e.g., logical IFs and DATA
statements) but, in each instance, the reader is cautioned that a more
powerful compiler is required to process such instructions. The version
covered in this text equals or exceeds the minimum American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard X3.10-1966. It is an ideal version for
beginners to learn because it can be used on any IBM System/360 or /370
Vv
vi Preface
and, with minor adjustments, it can also be used on almost any modem
computer system.
The order of presentation of each topic is that of a general introduction
followed by a specific discussion and a series of to-the-point illustrations
and examples. American National Standard Institute symbols are used in
all flowchart illustrations. Whenever appropriate, previously presented
material is briefly reviewed and compared to the topic under discussion.
Programming problems have been carefully correlated with the text mate-
rial and range from the easy to the difficult. Also, an adequate number of
problems is provided so that the instructor can alternate program assign-
ments.
Very elementary problems, which should be programmed and processed,
are provided at an early point in the text to motivate the student. The pur-
pose of a few easy programs is to develop confidence on the part of the
student as well as to provide a background for more sophisticated prob-
lems. When the student receives his “first-run” output from the computer
center, Appendix A should be a valuable aid. It explains the debugging
process in general and illustrates with actual computer output almost
every type of error the beginner will encounter. It explains what the error
is, the probable cause, and how to correct it.
For the benefit of those students who punch their own program or
correction cards, another Appendix explains the operation of a keypunch
machine. IBM System/360 and /370 control cards and the composition of a
typical elementary “job deck” are also briefly covered in an Appendix.
The first five chapters develop the required technical vocabulary and
provide the background necessary to write a variety of complete elemen-
tary programs. Beginning in Chapter 5, the material is developed so that
each succeeding chapter introduces new “short-cuts” as well as more
sophisticated programming techniques. This approach should encourage
students to read advance chapters before they are assigned.
It is difficult for a beginning programmer to appreciate the real power
of a computer unless he has had experience with arrays. Chapter 8 ex-
plains one-dimensional arrays in nontechnical terms and includes a series
of illustrative array routines. Chapter 9 on two- and three-dimensional ar-
rays is relatively short but includes enough information so the student can
appreciate what they are, how they work, and when they should be used.
The final chapter deals at length with the four types of subprograms but
purposely stays away from “high-powered” mathematics. Instead, the
emphasis is on the purpose and power of subprograms, how they are writ-
ten and used, and the fact that many are available to solve a wide variety
of problems. A complete listing of the IBM built-in subprograms is included
in an Appendix.
It is the intent of this book to teach FORTRAN as directly and quickly
as possible and to whet the student’s appetite for even more knowledge of
Preface vii
the language. Anyone who has mastered the details of this book will be
able to read and use the otherwise incomprehensible FORTRAN IV pub-
lications available from the various computer manufacturers.
Grateful acknowledgment is hereby made to the many users of the
previous edition who offered valuable suggestions for its improvement.
Constructive comments by students, instructors, and reviewers have had a
significant impact on the final product.
December 1973 Dona.p H. Forp