Basic Concepts of Chemistry, Eighth Edition

726 Pages·2008·22.96 MB·English

by  Leo J. Malone

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B A S I C C O N C E P T S
O F C H E M I S T R Y
8
th
EDITION
LEO J. MALONE St. Louis University
THEODORE O. DOLTER Southwestern Illinois College
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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This volume contains selected illustrations from the following
texts, reprinted by permission from John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
•Brady, James E.; Senese, Fred, Chemistry: Matter and Its
Changes, Fourth Edition, ©2004.
•Brady, James E.; Senese, Fred, Chemistry: Matter and Its
Changes, Fifth Edition, ©2009.
•Hein, Morris; Arena, Susan, Foundations of College Chemistry,
Twelfth Edition, ©2007.
•Murck, Barbara; Skinner, Brian, MacKenzie, Visualizing
Geology, First Edition, ©2008.
•Olmsted III, John; Williams, Gregory M., Chemistry, Fourth
Edition, ©2006.
•Pratt, Charlotte W.; Cornely, Kathleen, Essential Biochemistry,
First Edition, ©2004.
•Raymond, Kenneth, General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry:
An Integrated Approach, Second Edition, ©2008.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Malone Leo J., 1938-
Basic concepts of chemistry / Leo J. Malone, Theodore O. Dolter. – 8th ed.
p. cm.
ISBN 978-0-471-74154-1 (cloth)
1. Chemistry–Textbooks. I. Dolter, Theodore O., 1965- II. Title.
QD31.3.M344 2010
540–dc22
2008036140
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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A B O U T T H E A U T H O R S
LEO J. MALONE
Leo Malone is a native of Kansas where he received his B.S. in Chemistry from
Wichita State University in 1960 and M.S. in Chemistry in 1962. At WSU he worked
under the direction of Dr. Robert Christian. He moved on to the University of
Michigan where he received his Ph.D. in 1964 under the direction of Dr. Robert
Parry. Dr. Malone began his teaching career at Saint Louis University in 1965 where
he remained until his retirement as Professor Emeritus in 2005. Although his early
research at SLU involved boron hydride chemistry, he eventually concentrated his
efforts on the teaching of basic chemistry and in the field of chemical education.
THEODORE (TED) O. DOLTER
Ted Dolter received his B.S. in Chemistry from St. Louis University in 1987, where
he was a student of Dr. Malone’s. He went on to the University of Illinois where he
received a Masters of Chemical Education in 1990. He concurrently earned a
secondary teaching certificate, and it was there that he received most of his training
in modern educational theory. After six years of teaching high school chemistry
and evening courses at Southwestern Illinois College, he joined the faculty at SWIC
full time. In 2004, he was elected to the Department Chair position, where he
currently serves and is involved in the department’s outcomes assessment initiative.
Professor Dolter’s background in educational training and his knowledge of
the needs of the growing numbers of community college students compliment
Dr. Malone’s years of traditional university educational experience. Together, they
have produced a text that remains flexible and applicable to the rapidly changing
face of today’s post-secondary student population.
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B R I E F C O N T E N T S
PROLOGUE Introduction to the Study of Chemistry 2
CHAPTER 1 Measurements in Chemistry 14
CHAPTER 2 Elements and Compounds 50
CHAPTER 3 The Properties of Matter and Energy 78
CHAPTER 4 The Periodic Table and Chemical Nomenclature 108
CHAPTER 5 Chemical Reactions 136
CHAPTER 6 Quantities in Chemistry 168
CHAPTER 7 Quantitative Relationships in Chemical Reactions 196
CHAPTER 8 Modern Atomic Theory 220
CHAPTER 9 The Chemical Bond 252
CHAPTER 10 The Gaseous State 292
CHAPTER 11 The Solid and Liquid States 330
CHAPTER 12 Aqueous Solutions 362
CHAPTER 13 Acids, Bases, and Salts 396
CHAPTER 14 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions 436
CHAPTER 15 Reaction Rates and Equilibrium 470
CHAPTER 16 Nuclear Chemistry 510
CHAPTER 17 Organic Chemistry (WEB) w-2
CHAPTER 18 Biochemistry (WEB) w-42
Foreword to the Appendices A-1
APPENDIX A Basic Mathematics A-1
APPENDIX B Basic Algebra A-10
APPENDIX C Scientific Notation A-19
APPENDIX D Graphs A-27
APPENDIX E Calculators A-31
APPENDIX F Glossary A-36
APPENDIX G Answers to Problems A-45
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