Basic Biotechnology

683 Pages·2006·6.06 MB·English

by  Ratledge C.

Basic Biotechnology
Biotechnologyisoneofthemajortechnologiesofthetwenty-firstcentury.
Its wide-ranging, multi-disciplinary activities include recombinant DNA
techniques, cloning and the application of microbiology and other cell
culture technologies to the production of a wide range of goods from
breadtoantibiotics.Itcontinuestorevolutionisetreatmentsofmanydis-
eases,andisusedtoprovidecleantechnologiesandtodealwithenviron-
mentalproblems.
Basic Biotechnology uniquely combines biology and bioprocessing
topicstoprovideacompleteoverviewofbiotechnology.Itexplainsthe
fundamentalprinciplesthatunderpinallbiotechnologyandprovides
a full range of examples showing how these principles are applied;
from starting substrate to final product. A distinctive feature of this
text are the discussions of the public perception of biotechnology
andthebusinessofbiotechnology,whichsetthescienceinabroader
context. This comprehensive text is essential reading for all students
and practitioners of biotechnology and for researchers in academia,
research institutes and biotechnology industries.
Colin Ratledge is Emeritus Professor in the Department of Biolog-
ical Sciences at the University of Hull where he has been teaching
and researching for nearly 40 years. He has served on almost all the
majorbiotechnologycommitteesintheUK,includingChairpersonofthe
FoodResearchGrantsBoardoftheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciences
ResearchCouncil.Healsoactsasaconsultanttomanyindustrialcompa-
niesintheUK,EuropeandtheUSA.
Bjørn Kristiansen is the Chief Executive Officer of EU Biotech Con-
sulting in Norway. He is an active member of the European Federation
ofBiotechnology(EFB),includingco-founderandinterimchairpersonfor
theSectiononBiologicalEngineeringScience.

Basic Biotechnology
Third Edition
Edited by
Colin Ratledge
University of Hull, UK
Bjørn Kristiansen
EU Biotech Consulting, Norway
cambridge university press
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Dehli, Mexico City
CambridgeUniversityPress
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Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521840316
(cid:1)C CambridgeUniversityPress2006
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
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Firstpublished2006
5th printing 2013
Printedand bound bytheCPI Group (UK) Ltd, CR0 4YY
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ISBN978-0-521-84031-6Hardback
ISBN978-0-521-54958-5Paperback
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Contents
List of contributors pageix
Preface to the second edition xiii
Preface to the third edition xv
Part I Fundamentals and principles
Chapter 1 Public perception of biotechnology 3
J. E. Smith
Chapter 2 Biochemistry and physiology of growth
and metabolism 25
Colin Ratledge
Chapter 3 Stoichiometry and kinetics of microbial
growth from a thermodynamic perspective 55
J. J. Heijnen
Chapter 4 Genome management and analysis:
prokaryotes 73
Colin R. Harwood and Anil Wipat
Chapter 5 Genetic engineering: yeasts and
filamentous fungi 119
David B. Archer, Donald A. MacKenzie and
David J. Jeenes
Chapter 6 Microbial process kinetics 155
Jens Nielsen
Chapter 7 Bioreactor design 181
Yusuf Chisti
Chapter 8 Mass transfer 201
Henk J. Noorman
Chapter 9 Downstream processing 219
Marcel Ottens, Johannes A. Wesselingh and
Luuk A.M. van der Wielen
vi CONTENTS
Chapter 10 Measurement, monitoring, modelling
and control 251
Bernhard Sonnleitner
Chapter 11 Process economics 271
Bjørn Kristiansen
Part II Practical applications
Chapter 12 High-throughput screening and process
optimisation 289
Steven D. Doig, Frank Baganz and Gary J. Lye
Chapter 13 The business of biotechnology 307
Jason Rushton and Christopher Evans
Chapter 14 Amino acids 335
L. Eggeling, W. Pfefferle and H. Sahm
Chapter 15 Organic acids 359
Christian P. Kubicek and Levente Karaffa
Chapter 16 Microbial polysaccharides and single
cell oils 381
James P. Wynn and Alistair J. Anderson
Chapter 17 Environmental applications 403
Philippe Vandevivere and Willy Verstraete
Chapter 18 Production of antibiotics by fermentation 433
Derek J. Hook
Chapter 19 Strategies of cultivation 457
Sven-Olof Enfors
Chapter 20 Enzyme biotechnology 477
Randy M. Berka and Joel R. Cherry
Chapter 21 Recombinant proteins of high value 499
Georg-B. Kresse
CONTENTS vii
Chapter 22 Insect and mammalian cell culture 523
C. J. Hewitt, B. Isailovic, N. T. Mukwena and
A. W. Nienow
Chapter 23 Plant cell biotechnology 549
Robert Verpoorte and Hens J. G. ten Hoopen
Chapter 24 Biotransformations 579
Pedro Fernandes and Joaquim M. S. Cabral
Chapter 25 Immunochemical applications 627
Mike Clarke
Index 657

Contributors
Alistair J. Anderson
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6
7RX, UK
David B. Archer
School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park,
Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
Frank Baganz
The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of
Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington
Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
Randy M. Berka
Research Fellow, Core Technology Department, Novozymes Biotech,
Inc., 1445 Drew Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Joaquim M.S. Cabral
Centro de Engenharia, Bioquimica e Quimica, Av Rovisco Pais,
Instituto Superior Technico, 1049--001 Lisboa, Portugal
Joel R. Cherry
Novozymes Biotech, Inc., 1445 Drew Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Yusuf Chisti
Institute of Technology and Engineering, Massey University, Private
Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
Mike Clark
Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of
Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
Steven D. Doig
The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of
Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington
Place, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
L. Eggeling
Research Centre Ju¨lich, Biotechnologie 1, 52425 Ju¨lich, Germany
Sven-Olof Enfors
Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Riayl Institute of
Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
Sir Christopher Evans
Merlin Biosciences Ltd, 33 King Street, St James, London, SW1Y
6RJ, UK
Pedro Fernandes
Centro de Engenharia, Bioquimica e Quimica, Av Rovisco Pais,
Instituto Superior Technico, 1049--001 Lisboa, Portugal