Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 11th Edition (LANGE Basic Science)

1234 Pages·2009·52.48 MB·English

by  Bertram Katzung

1
S C H E D U L E O F C O N T R O L L E D D R U G S
SCHEDULE I Cannabinoids:
Dronabinol (Marinol)
(All nonresearch use illegal under federal law.)
Anabolic Steroids:
Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)
Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin)
Narcotics: Methyltestosterone (Android, Testred)
Heroin and many nonmarketed synthetic narcotics Nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin)
Hallucinogens: Nandrolone phenpropionate (Durabolin)
LSD Oxandrolone (Oxandrin), Oxymetholone (Androl-50)
MDA, STP, DMT, DET, mescaline, peyote, bufotenine, ibogaine, Stanozolol (Winstrol), Testolactone (Teslac), Testosterone and its
psilocybin, phencyclidine (PCP; veterinary drug only) esters
Marijuana
SCHEDULE IV
Methaqualone
(Prescription must be rewritten after 6 months or five refills; differs
SCHEDULE II from Schedule III in penalties for illegal possession.)
Opioids:
(No telephone prescriptions, no refills.)2
Butorphanol (Stadol)
Opioids: Difenoxin 1 mg + atropine 25 mcg (Motofen)
Opium Pentazocine (Talwin)
Opium alkaloids and derived phenanthrene alkaloids: codeine, Propoxyphene (Darvon)
morphine, (Avinza, Kadian, MSContin, Roxanol), hydromor-
Stimulants:
phone (Dilaudid), oxymorphone (Numorphan), oxycodone
Diethylpropion (Tenuate)
(dihydroxycodeinone, a component of Oxycotin, Oxydose,
Mazindol (Sanorex)
Oxyfast, Percodan, Percocet, Roxicodone, Tylox)
Modafinil (Provigil)
Designated synthetic drugs: levomethadyl (Orlaam), meperidine
Phentermine (Ionamin)
(Demerol), methadone, levorphanol (Levo-Dromoran), fenta-
Pemoline (Cylert)
nyl (Sublimaze, Duragesic, Actiq), alphaprodine, alfentanil
Sibutramine (Merida)
(Alfenta), sufentanil (Sufenta), remifentanil (Ultiva)
Depressants:
Stimulants:
Benzodiazepines
Coca leaves and cocaine
Alprazolam (Xanax)
Amphetamine
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Amphetamine complex (Biphetamine)
Clonazepam (Kionopin)
Amphetamine salts (Adderall)
Clorazepate(Tranxene)
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
Diazepam (Valium)
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyanse)
Estazolam (ProSom)
Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)
Flurazepam (Dalmane)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Methylin, Daytrana)
Halazepam (Paxipam)
Above in mixtures with other controlled or uncontrolled drugs
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Cannabinoids: Midazolam (Versed)
Nabilone (Cesamet) Oxazepam (Serax)
Depressants: Prazepam (Centrax)
Amobarbital (Amytal) Quazepam (Doral)
Glutethimide (Doriden) Temazepam (Restoril)
Pentobarbital (Nembutal) Triazolam (Halcion)
Secobarbital (Seconal) Chloral hydrate
Mixtures of above (eg, Tuinal) Dichloralphenazone (Midrin)
Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
Ethchlorvynol (Placidyl)
SCHEDULE III
Meprobamate (Equanil, Miltown, etc)
(Prescription must be rewritten after 6 months or five refills.) Mephobarbital (Mebaral)
Opioids: Methohexital (Brevital)
Paraldehyde
Buprenorphine (Buprenex, Subutex, Suboxone)
Phenobarbital
The following opioids in combination with one or more active non-
Zaleplon (Sonata)
opioid ingredients, provided the amount does not exceed that
Zolpidem (Ambien)
shown:
Codeine and dihydrocodeine: not to exceed 1800 mg/dL or 90
SCHEDULE V
mg/tablet or other dosage unit
Dihydrocodeinone (hydrocodone in Hycodan, Vicodin, and
(As any other nonopioid prescription drug; may also be dispensed without
Lortab): not to exceed 300 mg/dL or 15 mg/tablet
prescription unless additional state regulations apply.)
Opium: 500 mg/dL or 25 mg/5 mL or other dosage unit (paregoric)
Codeine: 200 mg/100 mL
Stimulants: Difenoxin preparations: 0.5 mg + 25 mcg atropine
Benzphetamine (Didrex) Dihydrocodeine preparations: 10 mg/100 mL
Phendimetrazine (Plegine) Diphenoxylate (not more than 2.5 mg and not less than 0.025 mg
Depressants: of atropine per dosage unit, as in Lomotil)
Schedule II barbiturates in mixtures with noncontrolled drugs or Ethylmorphine preparations: 100 mg/100 mL
in suppository dosage form Opium preparations: 100 mg/100 mL
Butabarbital (Butisol) Pregabalin (Lyrica)
Ketamine (Ketalar) Pyrovalerone (Centroton, Thymergix)
Thiopental (Pentothal)
1See http://www.usdoj.gov/dea/pubs/scheduling.html for additional details.
2Emergency prescriptions may be telephoned if followed within 7 days by a valid written prescription annotated to indicate that it was previously placed by telephone.
a LANGE medical book
Basic & Clinical
Pharmacology
Eleventh Edition
Edited by
Bertram G. Katzung, MD, PhD
Professor Emeritus
Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology
University of California, San Francisco
Associate Editors
Susan B. Masters, PhD
Professor of Pharmacology & Academy Chair of Pharmacology Education
Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology
University of California, San Francisco
Anthony J. Trevor, PhD
Professor Emeritus
Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology
University of California, San Francisco
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ISBN: 978-0-07-160406-2
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Cover illustration: The interaction of fluvastatin, a drug used to reduce blood lipids, with its target the catalytic site of the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. Credit: Kenneth
Eward/Photo Researchers, Inc. Concept kindly provided by Dr. Raymond Fort, University of Maine (www.chemistry.umeche.maine.edu/CHY431/Cholest3.html).
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Contents
Schedule of Controlled Drugs Inside Front Cover
Key Features vi
Preface ix
Authors xi
I III
S E C T I O N S E C T I O N
BASIC PRINCIPLES 1 CARDIOVASCULAR-RENAL
DRUGS 167
1. Introduction
11. Antihypertensive Agents
Bertram G. Katzung, MD, PhD 1
Neal L. Benowitz, MD 167
2. Drug Receptors & Pharmacodynamics
12. Vasodilators & the Treatment
Mark von Zastrow, MD, PhD, & Henry R. Bourne,
of Angina Pectoris
MD 15
Bertram G. Katzung, MD, PhD, &
3. Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics: Kanu Chatterjee, MB, FRCP 191
Rational Dosing & the Time Course
13. Drugs Used in Heart Failure
of Drug Action
Bertram G. Katzung, MD, PhD, &
Nicholas H. G. Holford, MB, ChB, FRACP 37
William W. Parmley, MD 209
4. Drug Biotransformation
14. Agents Used in Cardiac Arrhythmias
Maria Almira Correia, PhD 53
Joseph R. Hume, PhD, & Augustus O. Grant, MD,
5. Development & Regulation of Drugs PhD 225
Barry A. Berkowitz, PhD 67
15. Diuretic Agents
II Harlan E. Ives, MD, PhD 251
S E C T I O N
IV
AUTONOMIC DRUGS 77
S E C T I O N
DRUGS WITH IMPORTANT ACTIONS
6. Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology ON SMOOTH MUSCLE 271
Bertram G. Katzung, MD, PhD 77
16. Histamine, Serotonin, & the Ergot Alkaloids
7. Cholinoceptor-Activating &
Bertram G. Katzung, MD, PhD 271
Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Drugs
Achilles J. Pappano, PhD 95 17. Vasoactive Peptides
Ian A. Reid, PhD 293
8. Cholinoceptor-Blocking Drugs
Achilles J. Pappano, PhD 113 18. The Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins,
Thromboxanes, Leukotrienes, &
9. Adrenoceptor Agonists &
Related Compounds
Sympathomimetic Drugs
Emer M. Smyth, PhD, & Garret A. FitzGerald,
Italo Biaggioni, MD, & David Robertson, MD 127
MD 313
10. Adrenoceptor Antagonist Drugs
David Robertson, MD, & Italo Biaggioni, MD 149
iii
iv CONTENTS
VI
19. Nitric Oxide S E C T I O N
Samie R. Jaffrey, MD, PhD 331 DRUGS USED TO TREAT DISEASES
OF THE BLOOD, INFLAMMATION,
20. Drugs Used in Asthma
Homer A. Boushey, MD 339 & GOUT 569
V 33. Agents Used in Anemias; Hematopoietic
S E C T I O N
Growth Factors
DRUGS THAT ACT IN THE Susan B. Masters, PhD 569
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 357
34. Drugs Used in Disorders of Coagulation
James L. Zehnder, MD 587
21. Introduction to the Pharmacology
of CNS Drugs
35. Agents Used in Dyslipidemia
Roger A. Nicoll, MD 357
Mary J. Malloy, MD, & John P. Kane, MD,
22. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs PhD 605
Anthony J. Trevor, PhD, &
36. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs,
Walter L. Way, MD 371
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs,
23. The Alcohols Nonopioid Analgesics, & Drugs Used in Gout
Susan B. Masters, PhD 387 Daniel E. Furst, MD, Robert W. Ulrich, PharmD,
& Cissy Varkey-Altamirano, BS 621
24. Antiseizure Drugs
Roger J. Porter, MD, & VII
S E C T I O N
Brian S. Meldrum, MB, PhD 399
ENDOCRINE DRUGS 643
25. General Anesthetics
Paul F. White, PhD, MD, & 37. Hypothalamic & Pituitary Hormones
Anthony J. Trevor, PhD 423
Susan B. Masters, PhD 643
26. Local Anesthetics
38. Thyroid & Antithyroid Drugs
Bertram G. Katzung, MD, PhD, &
Betty J. Dong, PharmD, FASHP, FCCP, &
Paul F. White, PhD, MD 439
Francis S. Greenspan, MD, FACP 665
27. Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
39. Adrenocorticosteroids & Adrenocortical
Paul F. White, PhD, MD, &
Antagonists
Bertram G. Katzung, MD, PhD 451
George P. Chrousos, MD 681
28. Pharmacologic Management of
40. The Gonadal Hormones & Inhibitors
Parkinsonism & Other Movement
George P. Chrousos, MD 699
Disorders
Michael J. Aminoff, MD, DSc, FRCP 469 41. Pancreatic Hormones & Antidiabetic Drugs
Martha S. Nolte, MD 727
29. Antipsychotic Agents & Lithium
Herbert Meltzer, MD, PhD 487
42. Agents That Affect Bone Mineral Homeostasis
Daniel D. Bikle, MD, PhD 753
30. Antidepressant Agents
Charles DeBattista, MD 509
VIII
S E C T I O N
31. Opioid Analgesics & Antagonists
CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS 773
Mark A. Schumacher, PhD, MD,
Allan I. Basbaum, PhD, &
43. Beta-Lactam & Other Cell Wall- &
Walter L. Way, MD 531
Membrane-Active Antibiotics
32. Drugs of Abuse Henry F. Chambers, MD, & Daniel H. Deck,
Christian Lüscher, MD 553 PharmD 773
CONTENTS v
44. Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, 57. Heavy Metal Intoxication & Chelators
Chloramphenicol, Streptogramins, Michael J. Kosnett, MD, MPH 999
& Oxazolidinones
58. Management of the Poisoned Patient
Henry F. Chambers, MD, & Daniel H. Deck,
Kent R. Olson, MD 1013
PharmD 795
X
45. Aminoglycosides & Spectinomycin
S E C T I O N
Henry F. Chambers, MD, & Daniel H. Deck,
SPECIAL TOPICS 1025
PharmD 807
46. Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, & Quinolones 59. Special Aspects of Perinatal &
Henry F. Chambers, MD, & Daniel H. Deck, Pediatric Pharmacology
PharmD 815 Gideon Koren, MD 1025
47. Antimycobacterial Drugs 60. Special Aspects of Geriatric Pharmacology
Henry F. Chambers, MD, & Daniel H. Deck, Bertram G. Katzung, MD, PhD 1037
PharmD 823
61. Dermatologic Pharmacology
48. Antifungal Agents Dirk B. Robertson, MD, & Howard I. Maibach,
Don Sheppard, MD, & Harry W. Lampiris, MD 1047
MD 835
62. Drugs Used in the Treatment of
49. Antiviral Agents Gastrointestinal Diseases
Sharon Safrin, MD 845 Kenneth R. McQuaid, MD 1067
50. Miscellaneous Antimicrobial Agents; 63. Therapeutic & Toxic Potential of
Disinfectants, Antiseptics, & Sterilants Over-the-Counter Agents
Henry F. Chambers, MD, & Daniel H. Deck, Robin L. Corelli, PharmD 1103
PharmD 877
64. Dietary Supplements & Herbal Medications
51. Clinical Use of Antimicrobial Agents Cathi E. Dennehy, PharmD, & Candy Tsourounis,
Harry W. Lampiris, MD, & Daniel S. Maddix, PharmD 1113
PharmD 885
65. Rational Prescribing & Prescription Writing
52. Antiprotozoal Drugs Paul W. Lofholm, PharmD, &
Philip J. Rosenthal, MD 899 Bertram G. Katzung, MD, PhD 1127
53. Clinical Pharmacology of the 66. Important Drug Interactions &
Antihelminthic Drugs Their Mechanisms
Philip J. Rosenthal, MD 923 John R. Horn, PharmD, FCCP 1137
54. Cancer Chemotherapy Appendix: Vaccines, Immune Globulins,
Edward Chu, MD, & Alan C. Sartorelli, PhD 935 & Other Complex Biologic Products
Harry W. Lampiris, MD, & Daniel S. Maddix,
55. Immunopharmacology
PharmD 1151
Douglas F. Lake, PhD, Adrienne D. Briggs, MD, &
Emmanuel T. Akporiaye, PhD 963
Index 1159
IX
S E C T I O N
TOXICOLOGY 987
56. Introduction to Toxicology:
Occupational & Environmental
Daniel T. Teitelbaum, MD 987
Key Features of the Eleventh Edition of
Katzung’s Basic & Clinical Pharmacology
• Full-color presentation, including 300+ illustrations
•Larger 8½ ×11 trim size complements the new full-color art
•Each chapter discusses drug groups and prototypes
•Chapter-opening case studieshelp readers make the link between pharmacology and
clinical practice
•Drug Summary Tables conclude chapters, encapsulating key comparative drug information
•Descriptions of important newly released drugs, including new immunopharmacologic agents
•Expanded coverage of general conceptsrelating to newly discovered receptors, receptor
mechanisms, and drug transporters
•Inclusion of sections that specifically address the clinical choice and use of drugs in patients
and the monitoring of their effects—making clinical pharmacology an integral part of the text
• Lists of commercial
preparations available,
including trade and generic
names and dosage formulations,
are provided at the end of
each chapter
•Two new co-authors
Susan B. Masters, Ph.D. and
Anthony J. Trevor, Ph.D. enrich
the text with their experience
and expertise
•New online learning center
LangeTextbooks.comoffers
valuable resources and study aids,
including board review questions
and flash cards
Valuable case studies
open chapters
vi
KEY FEATURES vii
Vivid full-color presentation,
including 300+ illustrations
Handy Summary Tables
conclude chapters
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