basic agriculture

204 Pages·2016·18.25 MB·English

BASIC
AGRICULTURE
Student Handbook
NSQF Level – 2
CLASS
X
Basic Agriculture
Student Handbook, Class X
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: The Secretary, Central Board of Secondary Education,
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Delhi - 110092
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Preface
Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy, as we are growing hundreds of cereals, pulses, oil
seeds, fruits and vegetables. In addition, rearing of milch animals, fishes, honeybees and silk worms
has become an integral part of our economy. By virtue of hard work of the Agricultural Scientists and
farmers, we have attained green revolution, white revolution, brown revolution and golden revolution.
Now, we are talking of rainbow revolution and it is hoped that we are approaching towards it with
great sincerity and the day is not far when we will achieve it. Now, mushroom growing, honeybee
rearing (Apiculture), sericulture, aquaculture, dairying, piggery, ornamental fish culture, processing of
fruits and vegetables are few important areas where our policy makers and planners are giving utmost
attention. Therefore, our students should have some preliminary knowledge on these aspects.
Considering the importance of Agriculture, CBSE has introduced some preliminary courses entitled
‘Basic Agriculture’ for class X students under NSQF. So that students could understand something
about Agriculture at entry level. This course has been introduced with the following objectives:
u To create awareness about cereals, pulses, oilseed crops, important fruits, vegetables and flowers.
u To create awareness about various breeds of animals, poultry, fushes and their importance.
u To impart knowledge about package of practices for growing various crops.
u To impart basic knowledge on major insect-pests and diseases of various crops, animals and
measures to protect them by various means.
u To create awareness about post-harvest management, value addition and its importance in our
daily life.
u To provide basis knowledge on entrepreneurship skill in different Agri-Business.
I am fully confident that after getting basic knowledge, students will get several ideas and opportunities
which Agriculture can offer them in their future life. They can also think of joining this sector in their
future life and can develop themselves as successful entrepreneurs in several such areas.
It is hoped that this book will be an asset for the students.
Chairman, CBSE
Acknowledgements
Advisors
● Sh. R.K. Chaturvedi,
● Sh. K.K. Choudhury,
IAS, Chairman, CBSE
Controller of Examinations, CBSE
Convener
● Dr. R.R. Sharma,
Principal Scientist (Hort.), Division of Food Science and
Postharvest Technology, IARI, New Delhi
Contributors
● Dr. R.R. Sharma,
Principal Scientist, Division of (Hort.), Division of Food Science
● Dr. B.S. Tomar,
and Postharvest Technology, IARI, New Delhi - 110012
● Dr. Shruti Sethi,
Principal Scientist, Seed Production Unit, IARI, New Delhi - 110012
Senior Scientist, Division of Food Science and Postharvest
● Dr. Anil Kumar Chaudhary,
Technology, IARI, New Delhi - 110012
Senior Scientist, Division of Agronomy, IARI,
New Delhi - 110012
Co-ordination
● Dr. Biswajit Saha,
Additional Director, (V.E.), CBSE
Contents
1
Agricultural Production and Management
Chapter-1
61
Production and Management of Horticultural Crops
Chapter-2
120
Animal Husbandry and Dairying
Chapter-3
145
Post Production Handling, Packaging and
Chapter-4
Processing of Animal Products
159
Seed Production and Nursery Management
Chapter-5
167
Entrepreneurial Skill Development
Chapter-6
vii
Learning Outcomes
Unit
Unit Title: Agricultural Production and Management
Code: 01
Location: Learning Knowledge Performance Teaching and
Classroom, Outcome Evaluation Evaluation Training Methods
laboratory
and field
l l l Interactive lecture:
l
Understanding What are major Enlist the major
about our agricultural crops states producing
Different crop
major of India and their cereal, pulse,
management
l
foodgrain classification? oilseed and other
practices of
crops including l commercial crops. Activity:
What are major agricultural crops.
cereals,
crop production Enlist soil l
oilseeds, l
seasons in India? and climate
pulses and Kharif Visit some village
requirements of
What are major
commercial l nearby to school
different crops.
season
crops. premises. Also
crops of India? Demonstrate
interact with
What are their major crop
farmers and
soil and climate management
learn about
l
requirements? practices in field
Rabi l crop production
crops.
What are major practices.
season Demonstrate
crops of India? application of
What are their various herbicides,
soil and climate fungicides and
l
requirements? pesticides in some
Zaid l
selected crops.
What are major
season Enlist seed rates
crops of India? and fertilizer
What are their requirements
soil and climate of various field
l
requirements? crops.
Enlist major
weeds, diseases,
insect-pests of
l l l crops. Interactive lecture:
l
Gain a What are major Enlist major
science-based crops and crops and
Different cultural
overview of cropping systems cropping systems
requirements
agriculture and of India? What in India and
of cereal, pulse,
food systems. are their major their important
oilseed and other
varieties and varieties.
commercial crops
soil and climate
grown in India.
requirements?
viii
BASIC AGRICULTURE
l l l
What are major Enlist major Identification
cereal crops pulses of India of major weeds,
of India? What and their major diseases and
l Activity:
are their major problems. pests.
l
cultural practices? l
Enlist major
What are major oilseed crops of
Plan a visit to
pulse crops of India and their
some village
India? What major cultural
and interact
l
are their major practices.
with farmers for
l
cultural practices?
Enlist major identification
What are major commercial crops of crops, weeds,
oilseed crops? and their major pests, diseases
l
What are their cultural practices. and disoders.
major cultural Also learn about
Enlist sugar
l
practices? transplanting of
producing crops.
rice seedlings.
What are
commercial
crops? What are
their cultural
l l hints? l Interactive lecture:
l
Enrich What is the Enlist major crop
themselves recommended management
Different crop
about crop production practices
management
production technology for of various
practices
l
technology major crops of agricultural crops.
of various
of major food l India? Activity:
Tabulate fertilizer agricultural crops.
crops of India.
What is the management l
recommended technology of
Interact with
crop production major agricultural
l farmers of your
technology for crops.
area and learn
major cereals of
Demonstrate
l crop management
India?
puddling and
practices
What is the transplanting
of various
l
recommended operation in rice.
agricultural crops.
crop production
Demonstrate
technology for
top dressing of
major pulses of
N fertilizers in
l
India? l
agricultural crops.
What is the
Demonstrate
recommended
seed treatment
crop production
operations in
technology for l
crops.
major oilseeds of
l Demonstrate
India?
herbicide
What is the
application
recommended
methods in crops.
crop production
technology for
major commercial
crops of India?
ix
l l l Interactive lecture:
l
Disseminate What are the Enlist crop-wise
the knowledge major production production Enlist major
about constraints of constraints of crop production
agricultural major agricultural major agricultural constraints,
production and crops of your crops of your technology
l
management area/village and area/household. gaps and lack of
at household at household Enlist the awareness about
and village level? potential crop management
level. technologies for practices
tackling these of various
l
constraints. agricultural crops
Prepare the charts of your area and
on technology Activatit hyo:usehold
interventions in level.
l
relation to above
context in your Interact with
area/household farmers of your
level. area and also
at household
level and learn
about major
crop production
constraints,
technology
gaps and lack of
awareness about
crop management
practices
of various
Unit
Unit Title: Production and Management of Horticultural Carogrpiscultural crops.
Code:02
Location: Learning Knowledge Performance Teaching and
Classroom Outcome Evaluation Evaluation Training Methods
and field
l l l Interactive lecture:
l
Cultural hints What are major Enlist the major
for growing temperate fruits states producing Different cultural
major fruits of India? What tropical and sub- requirements
l
grown in India are their soil tropical fruits. of temperate,
and climate Enlist major tropical and sub-
l
requirements? propagation tropical fruits.
l
What are major methods of fruits.
tropical fruits? Demonstrate
What are their training in grape
l
major varieties and apple.
l and insect-pests Demonstrate foliar
and diseases? application of
What are major pesticides in some
sub-tropical selected fruits.
fruits? What
are their major
problems?
x