Table Of Content

r EASTANGLIANARCHAEOLOGY Frontispiece: RAF vertical aerial view ofthe north-western partofBarton Bendish, 13thJanuary 1946,showing the main village withearthworksiteSMR 18851 top right. (3G/UK/52/Pt.I/5176: Crown Copyrightreserved) Barton Bendish and Caldecote: fieldwork in south-west Norfolk by Andrew Rogerson, Alan Davison, David Pritchard and Robert Silvester with contributions from Steven Ashley, AlexandraLittle, Alison Locker and Peter Murphy illustrations by Steven Ashley, Brian Cushion, David Fox and Hoste Spalding and photographs by Derek A. Edwards and David Pritchard EastAnglianArchaeology ReportNo.80, 1997 FieldArchaeologyDivision NorfolkMuseums Sevice EASTANGLIANARCHAEOLOGY REPORTN0.80 Publishedby FieldArchaeologyDivision NorfolkMuseums Service Union House Gressenhall Dereham NorfolkNR204DR inconjunctionwith TheScoleArchaeologicalCommittee Editor:PeterWade-Martins EAAManagingEditor: Jenny Glazebrook ScoleEditorial sub-committee: DavidBuckley, CountyArchaeologist,EssexPlanningDepartment KeithWade, CountyArchaeologicalOfficer, SuffolkPlanningDepartment PeterWade-Martins,CountyFieldArchaeologist, NorfolkMuseumsService StanleyWest SetinTimesRoman byJoan Daniellsusing® Core! Ventura PrintedbyWitley PressLtd.,Hunstanton, Norfolk ©FIELDARCHAEOLOGYDIVISION, NORFOLKMUSEUMS SERVICE ISBN090559421 5 FordetailsofEastAnglianArchaeology, seelastpage This volume is published with the aid ofagrantfrom EnglishHeritage Coverillustration BartonBendish, lookingeast from StMary'schurch along theformer village streettowardsStAndrew'schurch. Photo: AndrewRogerson Contents ListofContents V Chapter 2.Excavations at Church Street ' ListofPlates vi Barton Bendish, by David Pritchard ListofFigures vi I Summary 43 ListofTables vii 11 Introduction 43 Contributors vii Thesite 43 Acknowledgements viii Thegeology 43 Preface VIII Archaeologicalsummary 44 Ill Description ofExcavation 44 Chapter 1.An archaeological and historical Methodofexcavation 44 Period I 48 survey ofthe parish ofBarton Bendish, Period11 48 by Andrew Rogerson with Alan Davison Period Ill 51 I Summary 1 Period IV 56 11 Introduction 1 IV TheArtefacts, byAlexandraLittle 56 TheSurvey 2 Coins 56 TheParish 3 Copperalloyobjects 56 Ill Prehistory 6 Ironobjects 59 Palaeolithic 6 Thestonecoffinlid, byStevenAshley 59 Mesolithic 6 Pottery 59 NeolithicandBronzeAge 6 Clay tobaccopipes 66 'Potboiler'sites 6 Lavaquerns 66 Discussion 6 IronAge- introduction 8 Buildingmaterial 66 GazetteerofIronAgesites 8 V TheEnvironmentalEvidence 66 Plantand animal macrofossils, by IronAge-discussion 13 PeterMurphy with anote onthefish IV Romano-British Period 13 Introduction 13 bonesbyAlison Locker 66 GazetteerofRomano-Britishsites 13 VI Discussionand Conclusions 75 Discussion 14 V Anglo-Saxon Period 17 EarlySaxon- introduction 17 Chapter 3. Multi-period Occupation at GazetteerofEarlySaxonsites 18 Caldecote, Oxborough, by Robert Silvester Otherfinds ofEarly Saxon material 18 n I s~~ry MiddleSaxon 21 11 Introduction n LateSaxon- introduction 21 m TheSite: TopographyandSoils n GazetteerofLateSaxon sites 22 w TheApproachtoFieldSurvey 79 TheDomesdayEvidence 22 V Results 79 DomesdayandArchaeology- Mesolithicto BronzeAge 79 discussion 22 VI TheMedieval Period 26 IronAge 83 Introduction 26 Roman 83 Documentarybackground 26 EarlySaxon 83 Sitegazetteer 29 MiddleSaxon 83 Themain village- discussion 31 LateSaxon 83 Eastmoor- discussion 31 Medieval 83 VII BartonBendish:astudy from Post-medieval 88 DocumentarySources,byAlan Davison 33 VI Discussion 88 Post-medieval 33 Methodology 88 Comparisonwithearliersources and Analysis and representation 88 comments on themedieval period 38 Thearchaeology 90 BartonBendish sincec.1612 41 Postscript 41 Bibliography 91 VIII Conclusions 41 Index, byAnnHudson 94 V List of Plates Frontispiece: RAF vertical aerial view of the north- Chapter2BartonBendishExcavation western partofBarton Bendish Pl.IV RAFaerial view ofthe excavations 43 PI.V AreaB, soil markofditch 307after Chapter1BartonBendishSurvey machineclearance 55 PI.I RAFvertical aerial view ofthe PI.VI AreaB, ditch 307facing north 55 intersection oftheeast-to-west PI.VII AreaB,ditch307facing east 55 Roman road and theDevil's Dyke 2 PI.VIII AreaD,ditch 422 facing east 55 Pl.II RAFvertical aerial view ofthe PI.IX AreaA,wall 203 55 northern partofEastmoorhamlet 26 PI.X AreaD, general view atearly stage PI.III RAFvertical aerial view ofthe ofexcavation,looking north-east 55 eastern partofthe main village 30 Chapter3 CaldecoteSurvey Pl.XI Aerial viewofthesurveyedfield 78 List of Figures Chapter1BartonBendishSurvey Fig.I8 Plan showing areasofexcavation, Fig.I Location map ix Scale I:2500 45 Fig.2 Locationmap, civil parish Fig.l9 Key to plans and sections 45 boundaries,contours infeet X Fig.20 Plan ofallfeatures inAreas Aand Fig.3 BartonBendishparish,fieldwork BScale 1:200 46 intensity,Scale I:30000 9 Fig.2I Plan ofall features inAreasCand f'ig.4 Barton Bendishparish, Neolithic DScale I:200 47 finds, Scale 1:30000 10 Fig.22 Plan ofPeriod I-IIIfeatures ineast Fig.5 BartonBendishparish,BronzeAge partofAreaA,Scale 1:200 48 sites andfinds,Scale 1:30000 11 Fig.23 Plan ofPeriod11-IVfeatures in Fig.6 BartonBendishparish, 'potboiler' AreaB,Scale 1:100 49 sites, Scale 1:30000 12 Fig.24 Sections ofditch 307, Scale 1:40 50 Fig.7 BartonBendishparish,IronAge Fig.25 PlanofPeriod11and Illfeatures in sites and finds, Scale I:30000 15 AreaD,Scale 1:200 51 Fig.8 BartonBendishparish, Fig.26 AreaDsections, Scale 1:20 52 Romano-British sitesand finds, Fig.27 Plan and sections offeature 201, Scale 1:30000 16 Scale 1:40 54 Fig.9 TheprovinceoftheWissa, a Fig.28 Copperalloy objects,Scale 1:1 57 suggested location,Scale 1:200000 18 Fig.29 Iron objects, Scale I:2 58 Fig.IO BartonBendishparish,Early Fig.30 Stonecoffin lid, Scale 1:3 60 Saxon sitesand finds, Scale Fig.3l Pottery, Scale 1:4 63 1:30000 19 Fig.32 Abreakdown ofmain fabric types Fig.II Barton Bendishparish,finds of inAreaAexpressedin termsof MiddleSaxon Ipswich-typeware sherd numberand weight 64 Scale 1:30000 20 Fig.33 Abreakdown ofmainfabric types Fig.l2 Barton Bendishparish, LateSaxon inAreaBexpressed in terms of sitesand finds, Scale 1:30000 23 sherd number 65 Fig.l3 LateSaxon and medieval sites in Fig.34 Abreakdown ofmain fabric types theareaofthe main villageof in AreaDexpressed in termsof BartonBendish,Scale 1:7500 24 sherd number 65 Fig.14 BartonBendishparish, medieval sitesand finds, Scale I:30000 27 Chapter3CaldecoteSurvey Fig.l5 Earthworks nearAbbeyFarm, Fig.35 Soils and topography, Scale 1:5000 80 Scale 1:2500 28 Fig.36 Survey grid notation,Scale 1:5000 80 Fig.16 The topography ofBartonBendish Fig.37 Distribution ofall workedflint, parish inc.1612 32 Scale 1:5000 81 Fig.38 Distribution ofMesolithicflints, Chapter2BartonBendish Excavations Scale 1:5000 81 Fig.17 Locationmap, theexcavations and Fig.39 Distribution offlint blades, Scale themain village, Scale 1:5000 44 1:5000 82 VI