Table Of Content

r'I" ® ...J I , :1 I ..... I '- 2 0 0 6 - 2 0 0 7 12TH EDITION PMlela J. Sharpe. Ph.D. Your Blueprint for Test Success Personal Instruction for a Better Seven fuJHergth model tests for the Test Score Intemet-8ased Test of ErW;Iish as a • Orientation to the new TOEfl- lBT fo<eignUonguageO • Review of academic skills: note taking. Explanations or examples fof all QUestions. paraphrasing, summarizing, and includifl!: sample essays and speaking synthesizing responses • Review of language skills: list~ speaklre, reading. and wrttlng Your Private Tutor • Review chapters cover every section of the TOEfl- 1ST • Practice exercises help you learn when you don't have access to a comPUter • Study tips and test-taking strategies promote success • Glossary of acaoemic vocabulary supports all TOEfl- sections EF TABLE OF CONTENTS AbpullhB Author II Acknowledgments J: peanlssklns ,I Tlmetable!gl the TOEfle lBT lily 1 ORIENTATION 1 Tn the Student" How 10 Use This Book to SlIn ad 1 To !he Teacher" Recommendations and Resources 3 I 3 ACADEMIC SKILlS 67 Taking Notes 67 Paraphrasing 87 SUmmarizing 114 Syntheslzing 136 4 MODEL TEST 2: PROGRESS TEST 153 5 REViEW OFTOEFL tBISECTlONS 201 ® '" CONTENTS I. 8 SCORE ESTIMATES 775 Important Background Information ns Procedura!of 5cofing ns Reference Charts Tn Examples lor Scoring Model Tests n9 Feedback 781 Options for Personal Evaluation 781 !I RESOURCES 783 Glossary of Campus Vocabulary 783 • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS With affection and appreciation, I acknowledge my indebtedness to the lriends, lamily, and col leagues who have been part 01 the TOEFL team lor so many years. The late Dr. Jayne Harder, former Olrector of the English language Institute at the UnI versIty of Florida lor initlaUng me Into the science 01 linguistics and the art ot teaChing English as a second language; Robert Ind Uille Sharpe, my perentl lor their assistance in typing and proofreading previ ous editions and lor their enthusiastic encouragement throughout my career; The lite Dr. Tom Clapp, former Dean of Continuing Education It the University 01 Toledo for the maturity and confidence that I gained during our marriage because he believed in me; Cerole BergUe, former Editor at Barron'. Educational Series tor her guidance in seeing the first edition of the manuscript through to publication; Marcy Rosenbaum, Prolect Editor at Barron'. Educational Series lor her invaluable Insights and wise counsel during every stage 01 development and production; Debby Bacak, Production Manager at Sarron's Educational Series for the creative 5(.Ig gestions and designs, large and small, that have improved every chapter; Bob O'Sullivan, Managing Editor at Barron's Educational Serie. for making Important decisions at critical times during the protect; • Marl!; MIN , EditOrial Director at Barron's Educational Series for consulting on the project and for providing indispensable advice on legal questions; Carlol Moreno, Carlol Moreno Photography lor the photographs thaI provided the TOEFL· like eontelll for the eudio Questions: Jo.n Franklin, Presldant, and John Roc"-II, Editor, at Cinema Sound lor casting and directing the talented voices and bringing the script to lite: Sera Black, Copy Editor for her constructive criticism and helpful corrections throughout the manuscript; Kathy Telford, Proofreader It Proofraadenl Plus for her attention to the importanl details, her positive approach to errors, and her friendship; Dennis Olivar, Profesaor at Eltrelll Mountain Community College for coauthoring the Glossary of campus Vocabulary. Erin Osterman Fitzgerald, Lagal Assistant lor securing the reprint permissions and organiz ing the legal Illes; David John Osterman, Technology Con. ultant for helping me to transform my office lor the 21 st century: John T. Osterman, my husband-a special thank you lor the unconditiOnal love and the dally interest in and support for my writing career, as well as for checking my math in the eval· uation tables. Each revision of this book is betler than the last. and every new and revised year with John is the best year of my life. yttet matcr<a~ PERMISSIONS II PERMISSIONS ~Beowulf" From World Mythology, Third Edition, by Donna Rosenberg. Copyright C 1998 by National TextbooklMcGraw-Hill Education. This material is reproduced with permission 01 The McGraw-Hili Companies. MBulldlng wl1h Archei" From Glloort's Living With Art, Sixth Edition, by Mark GeUein. Copyright C 2002 by The McGraw-Hili Companies, Lnc. Reproduced with permission 01 The McGraw-HiLI Companies. "Civilization" From Western Civilization, Comprehensive Volume 4th Edition by Spielvogel. Copyright Cl 2000. Reprinted with permission of Wadsworth, a division of Thomson learning: WWON. thomsonrighIS.com. Fax 800-730-2215. "Conquest bV Patents" From New Internationslist magazine, September 2002 tssue 349, PATENTS ON LIFE. From artiCle entitLed "Conquest by Palents· by Beth Burrows. Used by permission. "Exotic and Endangered Species" From Biology, The Unity and Diversity 01 Life (ISE with CD-ROM and tnloTrac) tOth edition by STARRfTAGGAAT. Copyright C 2004. Reprinted with permission of BrookslCole, a division of Thomson l eaming: WWON.thomsonrights.com. Fax 800-730-2215. "Four Stages of Planetary DeveLopment" From The $oIar System (with CO-ROM, Virtual Astronomy labs, AceAslronomy, and LnfoTrac) 4th editIOn l)y SEEDS. Copyright 0 2000. Reprlnt90 WIth permission 018rool\slCole, a dMslon 01 Thomson l eamlng: WWON.thomsonrights.com. Fax 800-730-2215. "Geothermal Energv" From Environmental Science: Earth as a Uving Planet, Fourth Edition by BotkinIKelier. Pub lished by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Copyright 0 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Reprinted with permission of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. "Group Decision Maklng~ From Management, Challenges for Tomorrow's Leaders, 4th edition by lEWISlGOOOMANJ FANOT. Copyright C 2004. Reprinted with permission 01 South-Western, a division of Thom· son Learning: WWON.thomsonrlghts.oom. Fax 800-730-2215. "Layers of Social Class" From Sociok>gy: The Essentials, (with InfoTrac) 1st Edition by AndersenITaylor. Copyright C 2001. Reprinted with permission 01 Wadsworth, a division 01 Thomson Learning: WWON. thomsonrights.oom. Fax 800-730-2215. yttet matcr<B~ xII PERMISSIONS ~Llfe In Our Solar System" From HOrizons: Exploring the Universe, Eighth Edition, by Michael A. Seeds. Copyright C 2004. Reprinted with permissioo 01 Thomson Learning: www.lhomsonnghts.com. Fax 8QO. 730-2215. ~Looklng .t Theatre History" From Oscar G. Brock&l1 & Franklin J. Hildy, History of the Theatre, 96. Published by Allyn and Bacon, Boston. MA. Copynght C 2003 by Pearson Educatioo. Reprinted by permission oIlhe publisher. ~Ml9retlon from Asia" Faragher. John Mad<; Buhle. Marl Jo; Czittom, Oaniel; Armitage. Susan H. Out of Many: A History of the American People, Combined Volume. 4th Edition, Copynght C 2003. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education. Inc., Upper Saddle River, N.J. "New Women of the Ice Age" From Applying Cultural Anthropology: An Introductory Reader, Sixth Edition, by Aaron PQdolelsky, Peter J. Brown. Published by The McGraw-Hili Companies, Inc. Copyright C 2003. Reprinted by permission of The McGraw-Hili Companies. Inc. "Organic Architecture" From Gardner's Art through the Ages. The Westem Perspective (with InfoTrae) 11th Edition by KLEINERlMAMIYAlTANSEY, Copyrigtll C 2003. Reprinted with permission 01 Wadsworth, a division 01 Thomson Learning: www.thomsonrlghts.oom. Fax 8QO.730-2215. ~Paleolithlc Art" From Gardner's Art through the Ages, The Westem Perspective (with InloTrae) 11th Editioo by KLEINERlMAMIYAlTANSEY. Copyright C 2003. Reprinted with permission 01 Wadsworth. a division of Thomson Learning: www.thomsonnghts.oom.Fax8QO.730-2215. "Physical and Chemical Propertle8 and Changes" Burns, Ralph A .• Fundamentals of Chemistry, 4th Edition, Copyright C 2003. pp. 21-24. Adapted by permission of Pearson Educatioo. Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ "Piaget's Cognitive DeYftlopment Theory" From LHe-Span D6ve/opment, 8th Edition, by John W. SaIltrock. Published by The McGraw-Hili Companies. Inc. Copyright C 2002. Reprinted with the permission of The McGraw-Hili Companies. Inc. "Producers, Consume~. and Decompo,,~" Christopherson, Robert W., Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical G&Ography, 5th Edition. Copynght C 2003. Reprinted by permission 01 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River. NJ. HResources and Industrialism In Canada" Excerpt P9 176-177 from A Brief History of Canada. by Roger Riendeau. Published by Facts on File. Inc. Copynght C 2000. Reprinted with permlsslon of the publisher. '", ,~""tlet mater<aie PERMISSIONS xIII "Rising Sea Levels" w.. Christopherson. Robert Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geool'8phy, 5th Edition. Copyright C 2003. Reprinted by permission of Pearson Education. Inc .• Upper Saddle River. NJ. "Socia' Readjustment Scale" From Psychology Applied to Modem Life, Adjustment in the 21st Century (with InloTrae) 7th Edition by Weiten. C 2003. Reprinted with permission of Wadsworth. a division 01 Thomson Learning: www.thomsonrights.com. Fax 800-73()..22t5. "Speech and Wrftlng" From Language Files, 8th edition. Editors. Thomas W. Slewart Jr., Nathan VaiUelle (Depart ment of Unguistics. the Ohio State University). Copyright C 2OO1 by The Ohio State University. Reprintecl Dy permission 01 \tie puDlisher. "Symbiotic Relationships" From Environmental Science: A Studyof Interrelationships, 8th Edition. by Eldon D. Enger and Bradley F. Smith. Copyright C 2002 McGraw·Hill Companies. This passage is used with the permission 01 the McGraw·HiII Companies. "n.. DIgital Divide" From James A. Johnson EI AI. Introduction to the Foundations of American Education. 121e. Published by Allyn and Bacon. Boston, MA. Copyright C 2002 by Pearson Education. Reprinted by permission 01 the publisher. "The Evolution of Birds" Excerpt pp. 698-700 Irom BIOLOGY, 6th Ed. By Neil A. Campbell and Jane B. Reece. Copyrighl C 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. Reprinted by permission, "The Heredity Verl ul Environment Debate" Ornstein, Alan C. and Oaniel U. Levine, Foundations of Education, Eighth Edition. Copyright C 2003 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Used with permission. "The Hydrologic Cycle" From Environmental Sc/enoo-Earth as a Living Planet. 46, BotldnlKeller. Copyright C 2002 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Reprinted with permission 01 John Wiley & Sons. Inc. "Thermoregulation" Excerpt pp. 930-931 from BIOLOGY, 6th Ed. By Neil A. campbell and Jane B. Reece. Copy right Cl2OO2 by Pearson Education, Inc. Reprinted by permission. "W. .t her and Chaotic Systems" From The Cosmic Perspective. SecOnd Edition, by Jeffrey Bennell, Megan Donahue. Nicholas Schneider and Marl< Voit. Copyright C 2002 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Addison Wesley. Reprinted by permission 01 Pearson Education. Inc. besk lIet matcr.aie lliv TIMETABLE FOR THE TOEFL- lilT TIMETABLE FOR THE TOEFL IBT ill) Test Section Questions r""" Reading 3-5 passages with 12- 14 questions 60-100 minutes USlening 2-3 COJlV8fS8.tions with 5 questlons each 60-00 minutes 4-6 lectures with 6 questlons each BREAK 5-10 minutes Speaking 2 independent tasI<s 20 minutes 4 integrated tasks Writing 1 Integrated task 20 minutes 1 independent task 30 minutes Nole: The tests in this book contain three reading passages, three oom8lsations, and six lectures or five reading passages, two conversations, and low Iec:tures because that is the standard length lor an official TOEFL. Every official les! includes either reading or listening material that Is being fle.ld.tested !of future use. There is no tutorial on the new IBT. '", ,~""ttel mater.ale TO THE STUDENT: HOW TO USE THIS BOOK TO SUCCEED AS TUDY PlAII Many students do not prepare for the TOEFL before they take the exam. They do not even read the TOEFLe /BT Information and Registration Bulletin when they register. You have an advantage. Using this book, you have a study plan for success. STEPS TO SUCCESS This book Is easy to use. Mote than one million Barron's students have succeeded on the TOEFL. You C8Il be successful too, by following twelve steps. ,.. 1. Inform YOUl"lltf about the tnt. Aead the answers to "FAQs- Frequently Asked Questions Aboullhe TOEFL. ter In this chaplef. Then, if you cannot find a copy locally, visit the TOEFL web site at _ .et..orgItoefl to download a copy 01 the TOEFL Inronnation and Registration Bu/letin. Research demon strates that students who know what to 81lpect will perlorm better on an examination. ,.. 2. Imat time I. your shut, plln. Be roaJlsllc about how mueh tlmo you neod to propene for the TOEFL. Choo&e III syllabus from the choices In this chapter. Use distributed practice-two hours every day !of lour months will give you better results than twetve hours every day for forty days, even though you will be studying 120 hours for both schedules. ~ 3. Develop study habits. The study habits explained at the end of this chapter will help you succeed on the TOEFL and after !he TOEFL when you are admitted 10 a college or university, or when you continue your professional training to keep your licenses current. Successful students understand the value of these habits. , 2 ORIENTATION strnttM .. 4. EYaluate Jour and weaknesses. Take the Pretest, Model Test 1 in Chapter 2 and check your answers using the Explanatory or Example Answers and Audio Scripts for Model Tests in Chapter 7. Which sections 01 the TOEFL were easier for you? Which were more difficult? Plan to spend more lime on the sec lions on which you received lower scores • .. 5. Master academic skllts. Chapter 3 contains a summary of the academic skills that you will need to complele lhe tasks on the Next Generation TOEFl. Read lhe stralegies. complete !he practice activities, and check your answers. By going systematically through this chapter, you will acquire valuable academic skills. Take your time and learn !hem well . .. 6. Check Jour progress. Alter you finish the work in Chapter 3, you will be ready 10 checlt your progress. Take the firs1 Progress Test, Model Test 2 in Chapter 4 and check your answers using the Explanatory or Example Answers in Chapter 7. You should begin to see how the academic skills are used on the new TOEFL* i8T. ,... 7. Improwe English proficlellCJ. Chapter 5 will show you how your English profiCiency is tested on !he TOEFL. Review Impor· tantlanguage problems and identify strategies for the language skill that corresponds to each section-Reading, listening, Speaking, and Writing. Take the quizzes and check your answers. Although you need to know more English than it is possible to include in one chapter. this review will help you apply the English you know to the test situation. You will improve your English proficiency as measured by the TOEFL. ,... 8. Understand the directions. Take lhe lime to read and unclerstandthe directlons for each problem in Chapter 5 and each section on the model tests. If you already understand what to do in order to complete a certain type of Question, you will not have to spend as much valuable time reading and analyzing the directionS When you ta.k.e the official TOEFL. ,... 9. Practice tailing ... odel tests. Students who have an opportunity to take alleast one modellesl will almost always increase their scores significantly on the official TOEFL test. Experience is a great teacher. This book provides you with seven model tests for practice. In order 10 take advantage of the experience. you should always tollow the tesl directions carefully and time each section. Take each model lest without stopping lor a break until you finish the Reading and UStening sections. Tllen take a five·minute break and work without stopping until you complete the Speaking and Writing sections. By simulating the test oonditions, you will become familiar with the way thai it feels to take the TOEFL and you will be able to ooncentrate on the Questions Instead of trying to figure out whal is going to happen next. You will also learn to pace: yourself so that you can finish