Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery: Indications, Complications and Revisional Procedures PDF
Preview Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery: Indications, Complications and Revisional Procedures
Updates in Surgery Updates in Surgery A n Luigi Angrisani Editor g r Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery is a n Indications, Complications and Revisional Procedures i E d . This book describes the surgical bariatric procedures most frequently performed worldwide and examines their evolution in recent years both within Italy and internationally. For each operation, indications, the surgical technique, potential complications, and the outcomes with respect to weight and obesity-associated comorbidities are presented. In view of the significant failure rate revealed by studies on the long-term results of bariatric surgery, the problem of weight regain and revision Luigi Angrisani Editor surgery are also discussed in detail, covering the different types of revision, conversion to other procedures, and the main outcomes. In addition, individual chapters focus on selected topics of importance. The role of bariatric surgery in the cure of type 2 diabetes (“diabetes surgery”) is discussed and the debate over the significance of gastroesophageal Bariatric and reflux disease and hiatal hernia for choice of procedure is summarized. Finally, the most common endoluminal procedures, which have been gaining in importance, are 1 described and other bariatric operations, outlined. Metabolic Surgery B a r i a Indications, Complications and t r i c Revisional Procedures a n d M In collaboration with: e t Maurizio De Luca a b o Giampaolo Formisano l i c Antonella Santonicola S u r g Surgery e ISSN 2280-9848 r y ISBN 978-88-470-3943-8 9 788847 039438 Updates in Surgery Luigi Angrisani Editor Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Indications, Complications and Revisional Procedures In collaboration with Maurizio De Luca, Giampaolo Formisano, and Antonella Santonicola Forewords by Francesco Corcione Enrico Di Salvo 123 Editor Luigi Angrisani General and Endoscopic Surgery Unit S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital Naples, Italy The publication and the distribution of this volume have been supported by the Italian Society of Surgery ISSN 2280-9848 ISSN 2281-0854 (electronic) Updates in Surgery ISBN 978-88-470-3943-8 ISBN 978-88-470-3944-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/ 978-88-470-3944-5 Springer Milan Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2016943835 © Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l. 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publica- tion does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L. External publishing product development: Scienzaperta, Novate Milanese (Milan), Italy Typesetting: Graphostudio, Milan, Italy This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l. – Via Decembrio 28 – I-20137 Milan Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword Twenty years ago, some surgeons considered bariatric surgery to be equivalent to experimental surgery. However, over the last 20 years this surgery has had a wide diffusion thanks to professional, economic and ethical interests. The reason for this rapid spread can be found in the increasing demand for surgical treatments that may save patients from morbid and disabling obesity. Patients seek a solution to their problem after having tested a variety of treatments, and they turn to surgery as their last resort. Since the early, exclusively laparotomic, experiences of the pioneer Prof. Scopinaro, many minimally invasive procedures have been introduced – such as Scopinaro’s biliopancreatic diversion, gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy and other procedures each with specific indications – in order to be able to offer obese patients a tailored surgery as is the case with other pathologies. Owing to its complexity, this type of surgery has required the institution of a multidisciplinary team for the treatment of all aspects of morbid obesity. A new scientific Society was set up which rapidly became the point of reference for the entire scientific community. For these reasons, after the historical biennial conference of Prof. Basso, the Italian Society of Surgery had to take into consideration this type of surgery with its implications in term of complications, redo surgery and results. In this context, Prof. Angrisani, a pioneer of bariatric surgery and president of the major International Society of Bariatric Surgery, has had a central role because of his experience and dedication. Bariatric surgery has taken advantage of techno- logical improvements, and the laparoscopic approach has become routine in this field. I am grateful to Prof. Angrisani and the other speakers for the task they have accomplished with great commitment and dedication. I would also like to thank Springer, as always and more than ever, for their organizational effectiveness and editorial expertise in assisting my distinguished colleagues in this report. Rome, September 2016 Francesco Corcione President, Italian Society of Surgery v Foreword Bariatric, or weight loss, surgery is a recent surgical specialty that aims to re- duce weight-related disorders and improve quality of life. Weight loss procedures, like transplant surgery, require specific knowledge and skill, while the patient’s anthropometric and psychological peculiarities demand an adequate multidisci- plinary approach. Originating in the world’s richest countries, surgery for obesity and weight- related diseases gradually spread across the developing world as a consequence of the obesity and diabetes epidemic. Modern lifestyles are characterized by an incorrect balance between calorie intake and energy expenditure, leading to increased body weight and excess adipose tissue. Excess body fat is a threat to patients’ health as well as undermining their self-esteem and social life. As a result, the treatment of these patients requires not only a skilled surgeon but also an expert medical and psychological team. Since bariatric surgeons, more than other doctors, operate on patients at particularly high risk, they should adequately inform their patients and strictly follow the international guidelines on the indications for surgery. For these reasons, increasing numbers of young surgeons should start studying and practising bariatric surgery, to improve the medical and surgical treatment of obesity. The importance of this surgical specialty has too often been underestimated, while the clinical, social and economic benefits of weight loss procedures cannot be denied or ignored in modern medicine. This book was conceived as a guide to help the various specialists and professionals (surgeons, internists, dieticians, diabetologists, psychologists, etc.) understand the importance of this discipline, the only one able to treat the current epidemic of obesity and weight-related diseases. A further aim is to promote a wider knowledge of bariatric surgery techniques, outcomes and complications among general surgeons. Naples, September 2016 Enrico Di Salvo Professor of General Surgery Federico II University of Naples, Italy vi Preface Obesity is considered a multifactorial disease that results from a combination of genetic predisposition, environmental influences (e.g., sedentary lifestyle), and behavioral components. Obesity has become a pandemic affecting billions of people worldwide. Being overweight and obese are well-known causes of morbidity and mortality, with significant health, social and economic implications, due to the cost of the many comorbidities that are often associated. Bariatric surgery is currently considered the most effective treatment option for morbid obesity. When compared with nonsurgical interventions, bariatric surgery results in greater improvements not only in weight loss outcomes but also in obesity-related comorbidities. The aim of bariatric surgery has therefore been upgraded from a merely weight-loss surgery to a metabolic surgery. Different surgical options are currently available and they are continuously evolving under the influence of the literature results, specific local conditions, and the experience of the surgical staff in each country. Through 20 chapters this book offers a summary of all the aspects of bariatric and metabolic surgery, illustrating the evolution of bariatric surgery in Italy and worldwide and describing the indications, surgical technique, and complications of all the most commonly performed bariatric procedures. Unfortunately, a certain percentage of the operations performed is associated with inadequate weight loss or anatomic complications due to multiple concurrent factors. Therefore, bariatric surgeons are now routinely facing an increasing number of patients who need a second or third obesity procedure: the so-called “revisional surgery”. In fact, three chapters are dedicated to this topic and deal with the clinical and surgical management of this emerging class of patients. Last chapters focus on some “hot topics” in bariatric surgery – such as diabetes surgery and the problem of gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatal hernia – and provide an overview of the endoluminal procedures and some other bariatric procedures. A wide range of healthcare professionals (bariatric surgeons, general surgeons, psychologists, and gastroenterologists) have been involved in the writing of these chapters because I firmly believe that a multidisciplinary team is essential for the management of obesity. vii viii Preface I would like to express my gratitude to all the colleagues who contributed to the preparation of this book, which will hopefully serve as a useful manual for a wide range of healthcare professionals. Naples, September 2016 Luigi Angrisani Contents 1 History of Obesity Surgery in Italy ............................ 1 Vincenzo Pilone, Ariola Hasani, Giuliano Izzo, Antonio Vitiello, and Pietro Forestieri 2 Current Indications to Bariatric Surgery in Adult, Adolescent, and Elderly Obese Patients .................................. 9 Luca Busetto, Paolo Sbraccia, and Ferruccio Santini 3 Bariatric Surgery Worldwide ................................ 19 Luigi Angrisani, Giampaolo Formisano, Antonella Santonicola, Ariola Hasani, and Antonio Vitiello 4 Evolution of Bariatric Surgery in Italy: Results of the National Survey ............................................ 25 Nicola Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe Navarra, Vincenzo Bruni, Ida Camperchioli, and Luigi Angrisani 5 Gastric Banding ........................................... 31 Maurizio De Luca, Gianni Segato, David Ashton, Cesare Lunardi, and Franco Favretti 6 Sleeve Gastrectomy ......................................... 41 Emanuele Soricelli, Giovanni Casella, Alfredo Genco, and Nicola Basso 7 Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass ................................... 57 Cristiano Giardiello, Pietro Maida, and Michele Lorenzo 8 Mini-Gastric Bypass/One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass ........... 69 Maurizio De Luca, Emilio Manno, Mario Musella, and Luigi Piazza 9 Standard Biliopancreatic Diversion ........................... 79 Nicola Scopinaro, Giovanni Camerini, and Francesco S. Papadia ix x Contents 10 Duodenal Switch ........................................... 93 Gianfranco Silecchia, Mario Rizzello, and Francesca Abbatini 11 Single Anastomosis Duodenoileal Bypass with Sleeve Gastrectomy .. 107 Luigi Angrisani, Ariola Hasani, Antonio Vitiello, Giampaolo Formisano, Antonella Santonicola, and Michele Lorenzo 12 Ileal Interposition .......................................... 117 Diego Foschi, Andrea Rizzi, and Igor Tubazio 13 The Problem of Weight Regain ............................... 127 Roberto Moroni, Marco Antonio Zappa, Giovanni Fantola, Maria Grazia Carbonelli, and Fausta Micanti 14 Band Revision and Conversion to Other Procedures ............. 137 Vincenzo Borrelli and Giuliano Sarro 15 Sleeve Revision and Conversion to Other Procedures ............ 143 Mirto Foletto, Alice Albanese, Maria Laura Cossu, and Paolo Bernante 16 RYGB Revision and Conversion to Other Procedures ............ 151 Daniele Tassinari, Rudj Mancini, Rosario Bellini, Rossana Berta, Carlo Moretto, Abdul Aziz Sawilah, and Marco Anselmino 17 The Problem of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Hiatal Hernia .......................................... 165 Paola Iovino, Antonella Santonicola, and Luigi Angrisani 18 Diabetes Surgery: Current Indications and Techniques .......... 173 Paolo Gentileschi, Stefano D’Ugo, and Francesco Rubino 19 Endoluminal Procedures .................................... 183 Giovanni Domenico De Palma, Alfredo Genco, Massimiliano Cipriano, Gaetano Luglio, and Roberta Ienca 20 Other Bariatric Procedures .................................. 195 Marcello Lucchese, Stefano Cariani, Enrico Amenta, Ludovico Docimo, Salvatore Tolone, Francesco Furbetta, Giovanni Lesti, and Marco Antonio Zappa All web addresses have been checked and were correct at time of printing.
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