Bankrupt Representation and Party System Collapse

384 Pages·2011·26.979 MB·English

by  Jana Morgan

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BANKRUPT
REPRESENTATION
AND PARTY SYSTEM
COLLAPSE
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B A N K R U P T
R E P R E S E N T A T I O N
A N D P A R T Y S Y S T E M
C O L L A P S E
J A N A M O R G A N
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS

UNIVERSITY PARK, PENNSYLVANIA
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Morgan, Jana, 1977– .
Bankrupt representation and party system collapse /
Jana Morgan.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: “Explores the phenomenon of party system
collapse through a detailed examination of Venezuela’s
traumatic party system decay, as well as a comparative
analysis of collapse in Bolivia, Colombia, and Argentina
and survival in Argentina, India, Uruguay, and Belgium”—
Provided by publisher.
ISBN 978-0-271-05062-1 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Political parties.
2. Representative government and representation.
3. Comparative government.
4. Political parties—Case studies.
5. Representative government and representation—
Case studies.
6. Political parties—Venezuela.
7. Venezuela—Politics and government—1974–1999.
I. Title.
JF2051.M67 2011
324.2—dc22
2011013378
Copyright © 2011 The Pennsylvania State University
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Published by The Pennsylvania State University Press,
University Park, PA 16802-1003
The Pennsylvania State University Press is a member of the
Association of American University Presses.
It is the policy of The Pennsylvania State University Press to
use acid-free paper. Publications on uncoated stock satisfy
the minimum requirements of American National Stan-
dard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for
Printed Library Material, ANSI Z39.48–1992.
This book is printed on Natures Natural, which contains
50% post-consumer waste.
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for my parents,who always believe
and for nate,who helps make dreams come alive
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C O N T E N T S
List of Figures and Tables / ix
Acknowledgments / xi
List of Abbreviations / xvii
PART 1 Understanding Party System Collapse: Concepts and Theory
1 Introduction: The Catastrophe of Collapse / 3
2 What It Looks Like: System Change, Transformation, and Collapse / 14
3 Theorizing Collapse: Challenges, Constraints, and Decaying Linkage / 38
PART 2 Linkage Failure and Venezuelan Collapse
4 The Party System at Its Peak / 73
5 Policy Unresponsiveness and Ideological Convergence / 90
6 Social Transformation and Failing Group Incorporation / 122
7 Resource Shortages and Clientelist Excesses / 148
8 Linkage Failure and Mass Exodus from the Party System / 175
PART 3 Party System Collapse and Survival in Comparative Perspective
9 A Comparative Approach to Analyzing Party System Collapse / 193
10 Bankrupt Representation in Italy, Colombia, and Bolivia / 205
11 Survival Tactics in Argentina, Belgium, Uruguay, and India / 241
12 Insights into Collapse and Its Consequences / 273
Appendixes / 297
References / 313
Index / 343
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F I G U R E S A N D T A B L E S
figures
3.1 General model of party system collapse / 48
3.2 Programmatic linkage decline / 55
3.3 Narrowing of interest incorporation / 60
3.4 Decay of clientelism / 67
3.5 Full model of party system collapse / 69
4.1 Partisan identification in the old and new party systems,
1973–2003 / 76
4.2 Abstention in presidential elections, 1958–98 / 77
4.3 Legislative seats held by AD and COPEI, 1958–2000 / 79
5.1 Annual unemployment and inflation rates, 1974–98 / 93
5.2 Number of laws addressing important problems, 1974–99 / 99
5.3 Percentage of all laws addressing important problems,
1974–99 / 101
5.4 Survey respondents who did not think parties worked to solve
Venezuela’s problems / 105
7.1 Government spending and oil income (per capita),
1970–2002 / 152
7.2 Average income for the third and fourth quintiles, 1975–99 / 154
7.3 Social spending (per capita), 1970–2002 / 166
7.4 Public sector employment, 1970–98 / 171
9.1 Full model of party system collapse / 203
12.1 Protests in Venezuela, 1984–2003 / 291