Banking on the Environment: Multilateral Development Banks and Their Environmental Performance in Central and Eastern Europe (Global Environmental Accord: Strategies for Sustainability and Institutional Innovation) PDF
Preview Banking on the Environment: Multilateral Development Banks and Their Environmental Performance in Central and Eastern Europe (Global Environmental Accord: Strategies for Sustainability and Institutional Innovation)
Banking on the Environment Multilateral Development Banks andTheir Environmental Performance in Central and Eastern Europe Tamar L. Gutner Banking on the Environment Global Environmental Accord: Strategies for Sustainability and Institutional Innovation Nazli Choucri, editor NazliChoucri,editor,GlobalAccord:EnvironmentalChallengesandInternational Responses PeterM.Haas,RobertO.Keohane,andMarcA.Levy,editors,Institutionsforthe Earth:SourcesofEffectiveInternationalEnvironmentalProtection RonaldB.Mitchell,IntentionalOilPollutionatSea:EnvironmentalPolicyandTreaty Compliance RobertO.KeohaneandMarcA.Levy,editors,InstitutionsforEnvironmentalAid:Pit- fallsandPromise OranR.Young,editor,GlobalGovernance:DrawingInsightsfromtheEnvironmental Experience JonathanA.FoxandL.DavidBrown,editors,TheStruggleforAccountability:The WorldBank,NGOS,andGrassrootsMovements DavidG.Victor,KalRaustiala,andEugeneB.Skolnikoff,editors,TheImplementation andEffectivenessofInternationalEnvironmentalCommitments:TheoryandPractice MostafaK.Tolba,withIwonaRummel-Bulska,GlobalEnvironmentalDiplomacy:Ne- gotiatingEnvironmentalAgreementsfortheWorld,1973–1992 KarenT.Litfin,editor,TheGreeningofSovereigntyinWorldPolitics EdithBrownWeissandHaroldK.Jacobson,editors,EngagingCountries:Strengthening CompliancewithInternationalEnvironmentalAccords OranR.Young,editor,TheEffectivenessofInternationalEnvironmentalRegimes: CausalConnectionsandBehavioralMechanisms RonieGarcia-Johnson,ExportingEnvironmentalism:U.S.MultinationalChemicalCor- porationsinBrazilandMexico LasseRingius,RadioactiveWasteDisposalatSea:PublicIdeas,TransnationalPolicyEn- trepreneurs,andEnvironmentalRegimes RobertG.Darst,SmokestackDiplomacy:CooperationandConflictinEast-WestEnvi- ronmentalPolitics UrsLuterbacherandDetlefF.Sprinz,editors,InternationalRelationsandGlobalCli- mateChange EdwardL.Miles,ArildUnderdal,SteinarAndresen,JørgenWettestad,JonBirger Skjæseth,andElaineM.Carlin,EnvironmentalRegimeEffectiveness:ConfrontingThe- orywithEvidence ErikaWeinthal,StateMakingandEnvironmentalCooperation:LinkingDomesticand InternationalPoliticsinCentralAsia CoreyL.Lofdahl,EnvironmentalImpactsofGlobalizationandTrade:ASystemsStudy OranR.Young,TheInstitutionalDimensionsofEnvironmentalChange:Fit,Interplay, andScale TamarL.Gutner,BankingontheEnvironment:MultilateralDevelopmentBanksand TheirEnvironmentalPerformanceinCentralandEasternEurope Banking on the Environment Multilateral Development Banks and Their Environmental Performance in Central and Eastern Europe Tamar L. Gutner The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England 2002MassachusettsInstitueofTechnology Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyany electronicormechanicalmeans(includingphotocopying,recording,orinforma- tionstorageandretrieval)without permissioninwriting fromthepublisher. ThisbookwassetinSabonbyAchornGraphicServices,Inc.,withtheMiles33 system andprintedandboundinthe UnitedStates ofAmerica. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Gutner,TamarL. Bankingontheenvironment:multilateraldevelopmentbanksandtheirenviron- mentalperformanceinCentralandEasternEurope /TamarL.Gutner. p. cm.—(Globalenvironmentalaccord) Includesbibliographicalreferences(p. )andindex. ISBN0-262-07235-1(hc.:alk.paper)—ISBN0-262-57159-5(pbk.:alk.paper) 1. Development banks—Europe, Central. 2. Development banks—Europe, Eastern. 3.Environmentalpolicy—Europe,Central. 4.Environmentalpolicy— Europe, Eastern. 5. Economic development—Environmental aspects—Europe, Central. 6. Economic development—Environmental aspects—Europe, East- ern. I.Title. II.Globalenvironmentalaccord. HG1976.C36G88 2002 333.7′0943—dc21 2002021917 Contents Acknowledgments ix 1 Introduction and Overview 1 2 Intellectual Context: Understanding MDB Greenness 19 3 Bargaining and Delegation: The Birth of Environmental Mandates 47 4 Policy Process: Institutionalizing Environmental Objectives 75 5 MDB Environmental Policies and Practice in Central and Eastern Europe 131 6 Conclusions 193 Notes 203 References 241 Index 259 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Series Foreword Anewrecognitionofprofoundinterconnectionsbetweensocialandnatu- ral systemsis challengingconventional constructsand thepolicy predis- positions informed by them. Our current intellectual challenge is to developtheanalyticalandtheoreticalunderpinningsofanunderstanding oftherelationshipbetweenthesocialandthenaturalsystems.Ourpolicy challenge is to identify and implement effective decision-making ap- proaches to managing the global environment. TheseriesonGlobalEnvironmentalAccordadoptsanintegratedper- spectiveonnational,international,cross-border,andcross-jurisdictional problems,priorities,andpurposes.Itexaminesthesourcesandtheconse- quencesofsocialtransactionsastheserelatetoenvironmentalconditions andconcerns.Ourgoalistomakeacontributiontobothintellectualand policy endeavors. Nazli Choucri This Page Intentionally Left Blank Acknowledgments ThisbookbeganasadissertationprospectusinthePoliticalScienceDe- partment at MIT. At the time, I was struck by the World Bank’s efforts tofashionitselfaleadingactoringlobalenvironmentalgovernanceamid unrelenting criticism from nongovernmental organizations. As a former financialjournalistwhocoveredbankinganddevelopmentfinanceissues forAP–DowJonesinNewYorkandLondon,Iwascuriousaboutwhat being ‘‘green’’ meant in a large international financial institution. What wastheexplanationfortheseeminggapbetweentheBank’srhetoricand its alleged actions? Idecidedacomparativestudywasnecessarytounderstandthefactors that shape the ability of a multilateral development bank (MDB) to re- spond to environmental mandates. I also felt it was important to focus on the activities of a set of these institutions in a common geographical region. Central and Eastern Europe was the obvious choice, because it most challenged an MDB’s ability to harmonize its economic develop- ment and environmental protection and management strategies. The WorldBankandtwootherMDBs—theEuropeanBankforReconstruc- tion and Development (EBRD) and European Investment Bank (EIB)— wereamongthetopdonorsintheregion.AsIdevelopedthetopic,Iwas surprisedtolearnthatvirtuallynoresearchexistedontheenvironmental behavior of the EIB. This was curious, given the level of attention and criticism that surrounds the World Bank’s actions, while the EIB now lendsmoreeachyearthantheWorldBankbuthasmadefarfewerefforts to reform itself in ways that increase its performance and transparency. The EIB is a global actor, even though the majority of its lending is to European Union member states.
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