Ballistics and Ammunition

286 Pages·1999·3.03 MB·English

B-GL-306-006/FP-001
FIELD ARTILLERY
VOLUME 6
BALLISTICS AND AMMUNITION
(BILINGUAL)
Although not classified this publication, or any part of it, may be
exempt from disclosure to the public under the Access to
Information Act. All elements of information contained herein
must be closely scrutinized to ascertain whether or not the
publication, or any part of it may be released.
Issued on Authority of the Chief of the Defence Staff
OPI: SSO ARTY/FMC HQ 1992-06-01
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES
Insert latest changed pages; dispose of superseded pages in accordance with applicable orders.
NOTE
The portion of the text affected by the latest change is indicated by
a black vertical line in the margin of the page. Changes to
illustrations are indicated by miniature pointing hands or black
vertical lines.
Dates of issue for original and changed pages are:
Original.................0.....................1992-06-01 Ch.....................6................
Ch..........................1..................... Ch.....................7................
Ch..........................2..................... Ch.....................8................
Ch..........................3..................... Ch.....................9................
Ch..........................4..................... Ch.....................10..............
Ch..........................5..................... Ch.....................11..............
Zero in Change No. Column indicates an original page. Total number of pages in this publication
is 221 consisting of the following:
Page No. Change No. Page No. Change No.
Title page................................0 6-1-1 to 6-1-8..........................0
A..............................................0 6-2-1/6-2-2..............................0
i/ii............................................0 6-3-1 to 6-3-3/6-3-4.................0
iii/iv.........................................0 6-4-1 to 6-4-5/6-4-6.................0
v to xiv....................................0 7-1-1/7-1-2..............................0
1-1-1/1-1-2..............................0 7-2-1 to 7-2-6..........................0
1-2-1 to 1-2-6..........................0 7-3-1 to 7-3-16........................0
2-1-1 to 2-1-6..........................0 8-1-1, 8-1-2.............................0
2-2-1 to 2-2-5/2-2-6................0 8-2-1 to 8-2-3/8-2-4.................0
2-3-1 to 2-3-9/2-3-10..............0 9-1-1, 9-1-2.............................0
2-4-1 to 2-4-8..........................0 9-2-1 to 9-2-8..........................0
3-1-1 to 3-1-5/3-1-6................0 9-3-1 to 9-3-6..........................0
3-2-1, 3-2-2.............................0 9-4-1 to 9-4-12........................0
3-3-1 to 3-3-14........................0 9-5-1 to 9-5-14........................0
3-4-1 to 3-4-8..........................0 9-6-1 to 9-6-4..........................0
3-5-1 to 3-5-3/3-5-4................0 9-7-1 to 9-7-16........................0
4-1-1/4-1-2..............................0 9-8-1/9-8-2..............................0
4-2-1 to 4-2-7/4-2-8................0 9-9-1/9-9-2..............................0
4-3-1 to 4-3-3/4-3-4................0 9-10-1/9-10-2..........................0
4-4-1 to 4-4-3/4-4-4................0 9-11-1 to 9-11-3/9-11-4...........0
5-1-1/5-1-2..............................0 A-1 to A-3/A-4........................0
5-2-1 to 5-2-4..........................0 B-1, B-2...................................0
5-3-1, 5-3-2.............................0 C- 1 /C-2..................................0
Contact Officer: SO Arty Doc
© 1992 DND Canada
FOREWORD
1. B-GL-306-006/FP-001, Field Artillery, Volume 6, Ballistics and Ammunition, is issued
on the authority of the Chief of the Defence Staff.
2. This manual is effective upon receipt and supersedes B-GL-306-006/FP-001, Field
Artillery, Volume 6, Ballistics and Ammunition, Interim 1 dated 15 February 1985.
3. Suggestions for amendments should be forwarded through normal channels to Mobile
Command Headquarters (FMC HQ), Attention: SSO Arty.
RECORD OF CHANGES
Identification of Change
Date Entered Signature
Change No. Date
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION TO BALLISTICS
Section 1 - General
Introduction
Application
Section 2 - Definitions
General
Intrinsic Elements
Initial Elements
Terminal Elements
Definitions Relating to Equipment
CHAPTER 2 - INTERNAL BALLISTICS
Section 1 - Introduction
General
Summary of Events
Velocity and Pressure
Distribution of Energy
Muzzle Velocity and Weight of Propellant Charge
Section 2 - Propellant
General
Section 3 - The Effects of Variations in Loading Conditions
General
Position of All-Burnt
Variation in Charge Weight
Variation in Propellant Size
Variation in Projectile Weight
Variation in Propellant Shape
Variation in Chamber Capacity
Variation in Bore Area
Variation in Shot-Start Pressure
Variation in Shot-Travel
Variation in Charge Weight, Propellant Size and Shape
Section 4 - Charge Design and Muzzle Velocity
Charge Design
Muzzle Velocity
Propellant Manufacture
Propellant Proof
Propellant Temperature
Moisture Content of Propellants
Position of Bagged Propellant in the Chamber
Ammunition Lots
Weight of Projectile
Non-Uniform Ramming
Driving Bands
Fall-Back
Coppering
Propellant Residue
Effect of Barrel Wear
Abnormal Internal Ballistic Effects
Occasion-to-Occasion Effect (Day-to-Day Effect)
Charge-to-Charge Propellant Performance
Calibration
Tolerances in New Equipments
Determination of Muzzle Velocity
Velocity Trend
CHAPTER 3 - EXTERNAL BALLISTICS
Section 1 - In-Vacuum/in-Air Trajectories
General
Motion in a Vacuum
Characteristics of In-Vacuum Trajectory
Motion in Air
Characteristics of the In-Air Trajectory
Section 2 - The Atmosphere
General
The Atmosphere
Regions of the Atmosphere
Regions of Concern to Artillery
Section 3 - Forces Due to Air Resistance
Drag
Velocity
Effects Due to Velocity
Projectile Design
Ballistics Coefficient
Angle of Yaw
Stabilization
Over-stabilized and Unstable Projectiles
Section 4 - Drift
General
Gyroscopic Considerations
Gyroscopic Motion of a Spinning Projectile
Drift Due to Equilibrium Yaw
Coriolis Effect
Magnus Effect
Poisson Effect
Lateral Jump
Drift Constant
Cross-wind Effect
Section 5 - Rotation of the Earth
General
Effects of Rotation on Range
Rotation Effects on Bearing
Application of Corrections
CHAPTER 4 - TERMINAL BALLISTICS
Section 1 - Introduction
General
Section 2 - Terminal Effects
General
High Explosive Effect
Fragment Patterns
Effects Achieved
Carrier Shell
Anti-Tank Projectile
Section 3 - The Effectiveness of Fire
General
Effectiveness of Gun and Mortar Fire
Equivalent for Other Guns
Section 4 - Crater Analysis
General
Examination of Shell Craters
Examining Mortar Bomb Craters
Shell Identification
CHAPTER 5 - BALLISTIC METEOROLOGY
Section 1 - Introduction
General
Atmospheric Properties
Section 2 - The Determination of Ballistic Met Data
Determination of Met Data
Computer Met Messages
Section 3 - Validity of Met
General
Space Validity
Time Validity
Criterion for Selection of Met Data
CHAPTER 6 - VARIATIONS AND CORRECTIONS
Section 1 - Nature of Variations
General
Definition
Standard Conditions
Variations in Range, Time of Flight and Vertex
Variations in Bearing
Standard and Non-Standard Conditions
Cross-Term Effects
Section 2 - Corrections
Definition
Corrections to Elevation or Range
Description of Range Corrections
Section 3 - Distinction Between Range Variations and Range Corrections
Difference in Sign
Difference in Size
Section 4 - Determination of Corrections
General
Determination of Range Correction of the Moment
Non-Standard Projectile Correction
Rotation Correction
Non-Rigidity Correction
MV Correction
Description of Bearing Corrections
Bearing Variations and Bearing Corrections
Description of Fuze Setting Corrections
MV Variations
Correction of the Moment
Angle of Sight
Mechanical Fuzes
Corrections in High Angle Fire
Reduction of Data
CHAPTER 7 - ACCURACY AND CONSISTENCY OF ARTILLERY FIRE
Section 1 - Introduction
Definitions
Section 2 - Statistics for the Gunner
Introduction
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Dispersion
Combination of Dispersions
The Normal Distribution Curve