Table Of Content

Bailey & Love’s SHORT PRACTICE of SURGERY 26th EDITION Sebaceous horn (The owner, the widow Dimanche, sold water-cress in Paris) A favourite illustration of Hamilton Bailey and McNeill Love, and well known to readers of earlier editions of Short Practice. 00-00-B&L_26th-Prelims-cpp.indd 1 19/09/2012 10:55 00-00-B&L_26th-Prelims-cpp.indd 2 19/09/2012 10:55 Bailey & Love’s SHORT PRACTICE of SURGERY 26th EDITION Edited by Norman S. Williams MS FRCS FMed Sci Professor of Surgery and Director of Surgical Innovation, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London and President, The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, UK Christopher J.K. Bulstrode MCh FRCS(T&O) Emeritus Professor, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK P. Ronan O’Connell, MD FRCSI, FRCPS Glas., Head, Surgery and Surgical Specialties, UCD School of Medicine and Medical Sciences Consultant Surgeon, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland 00-00-B&L_26th-Prelims-cpp.indd 3 19/09/2012 10:55 CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20121207 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-8514-0 (eBook - VitalBook) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any elec- tronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or con- tact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Contributors viii 12. Patient safety 161 Frank Keane Preface xiii Acknowledgements xiv PART TWO: INVESTIGATION AND DIAGNOSIS Sayings of the great xvi 13. Diagnostic imaging 171 Matthew Matson, Gina Allen and Niall Power PART ONE: PRINCIPLES 14. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 196 1. Metabolic response to injury 3 James Lindsay Kenneth Fearon 15. Tissue diagnosis 213 2. Shock and blood transfusion 13 Roger Feakins Karim Brohi PART THREE: PERIOPERATIVE CARE 3. Wounds, tissue repair and scars 24 Michael Earley 16. Preoperative preparation 229 Medha Vanarase, Pierre Foex and 4. Basic surgical skills and Kevin Tremper anastomoses 33 William E. G. Thomas 17. Anaesthesia and pain relief 238 Vivek Mehta, Richard Langford and 5. Surgical infection 50 Jagannath Haldar Peter Lamont 18. Care in the operating room 247 6. Surgery in the tropics 68 Kath Jenkins and Hilary Edgcombe Pradip K Datta, Pawanindra Lal and Sanjay De Bakshi 19. Perioperative management of the high-risk surgical patient 255 7. Principles of laparoscopic and Mridula Rai and Kevin D Johnston robotic surgery 93 Ara Darzi and Sanjay Purkayastha 20. Nutrition and fluid therapy 261 John MacFie 8. Principles of paediatric surgery 105 Anthony Lander 21. Postoperative care 272 Jay Kini 9. Principles of oncology 125 Robert JC Steele and Alastair J Munro 22. Day case surgery 281 Douglas McWhinnie and Ian Jackson 10. Surgical audit and clinical research 147 Jonothan Earnshaw and Birgit Whitman PART FOUR: TRAUMA 11. Surgical ethics and law 155 23. Introduction to trauma 289 Robert Wheeler Bob Handley and Peter Giannoudis 00-00-B&L_26th-Prelims-cpp.indd 5 19/09/2012 10:55 vi CONTENTS 24. Early assessment and management PART SIX: SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE of trauma 301 42. Skin and subcutaneous tissue 577 Dinesh Nathwani and Joseph Windley Christopher Chan and Adam Greenbaum 25. Emergency neurosurgery 310 PART SEVEN: HEAD AND NECK Tony Belli and Harry Bulstrode 26. Neck and spine 326 43. Elective neurosurgery 605 Ashley Poynton William Gray and Harry Bulstrode 27. Maxillofacial trauma 341 44. The eye and orbit 622 Charles Perkins Colm O’Brien, Hugo Henderson and Jonathan Jagger 28. Torso trauma 351 45. Cleft lip and palate: developmental Ken Boffard abnormalities of the face, mouth 29. Extremity trauma 364 and jaws 634 Parminder Singh William P Smith 30. Burns 385 46. The nose and sinuses 653 Michael Tyler and Sudip Ghosh Robert W Ruckley and Iain J Nixon 31. Plastic and reconstructive surgery 401 47. The ear 661 Tim Goodacre Grant Bates 32. Disaster surgery 417 48. Pharynx, larynx and neck 674 Mamoon Rashid Rishi Sharma and Martin Birchall 49. Oropharyngeal cancer 706 PART FIVE: ELECTIVE ORTHOPAEDICS William P Smith 33. History taking and clinical 50. Disorders of the salivary glands 723 examination in musculoskeletal William P Smith disease 437 PART EIGHT: BREAST AND ENDOCRINE Parminder J Singh and Hemant G Pandit 34. Sports medicine and sports injuries 463 51. The thyroid and parathyroid glands 741 Gina Allen Zygmunt H Krukowski 35. The spine 470 52. The adrenal glands and other Chris Lavy and Gavin Bowden abdominal endocrine disorders 778 Tom WJ Lennard 36. Upper limb – pathology, assessment and management 485 53. The breast 798 Vinay Takwale and Irfan Khan Richard Sainsbury 37. Hip and knee 505 PART NINE: CARDIOTHORACIC Hemant G Pandit and Andrew Barnett 54. Cardiac surgery 823 38. Foot and ankle 518 Jonathan R Anderson and Mustafa Zakkar Bob Sharpe 55. The thorax 850 39. Musculoskeletal tumours 526 Ian Hunt and Carol Tan Paul Cool PART TEN: VASCULAR 40. Infection of the bones and joints 541 Martin McNally, Philippa Matthews 56. Arterial disorders 877 and Philip Bejon Robert Sayers 41. Paediatric orthopaedics 550 57. Venous disorders 901 Deborah Eastwood Peter McCollum and Ian Chetter 00-00-B&L_26th-Prelims-cpp.indd 6 19/09/2012 10:55 CONTENTS vii 58. Lymphatic disorders 923 71. The vermiform appendix 1199 Shervanthi Homer-Vanniasinkam and P Ronan O’Connell David A Russell 72. The rectum 1215 PART ELEVEN: ABDOMINAL Sue Clark 59. History and examination of the 73. The anus and anal canal 1236 Peter Lunniss and Karen Nugent abdomen 941 Mohan de Silva and V Sitaram PART TWELVE: GENITOURINARY 60. Abdominal wall, hernia and umbilicus 948 Stephen J Nixon and Bruce Tulloh 74. Urinary symptoms and investigations 1271 Christopher G Fowler 61. The peritoneum, omentum, mesentery and retroperitoneal space 970 75. The kidneys and ureters 1282 Charles H Knowles Christopher G Fowler 62. The oesophagus 987 76. The urinary bladder 1309 Derek Alderson Freddie Hamdy 63. Stomach and duodenum 1023 77. The prostate and seminal vesicles 1340 John N Primrose and Timothy J Underwood David E Neal and Greg L Shaw 64. Bariatric surgery 1058 78. Urethra and penis 1359 John Baxter Ian Eardley 65. The liver 1065 79. Testis and scrotum 1377 Rahul S Koti, Sanjeev Kanoria and Ian Eardley Brian R Davidson 80. Gynaecology 1392 66. The spleen 1087 Stephen Kennedy and Enda McVeigh O James Garden PART THIRTEEN: TRANSPLANTATION 67. The gall bladder and bile ducts 1097 Kevin Conlon 81. Transplantation 1407 J Andrew Bradley 68. The pancreas 1118 Satyajit Bhattacharya Appendix 1: Common instruments used in general 69. The small and large intestines 1143 surgery 1433 Gordon Carlson and Jonathan Epstein Pradip K Datta 70. Intestinal obstruction 1181 Jim Hill Index 1437 00-00-B&L_26th-Prelims-cpp.indd 7 19/09/2012 10:55 Contributors Derek Alderson MD FRCS J Andrew Bradley MB ChB PhD FRCS Ac Med Sci Barling Chair of Surgery and Head of Department, Queen Professor of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and Consultant Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK Surgeon, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK Gina Allen BM DCH MRCGP MRCP FRCR Karim Brohi FRCS FRCA Oxford Soft Tissue Injury Clinic (Ostic), St Luke’s Hospital, Professor of Trauma Sciences, Barts and the London School of Oxford, UK Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK Jonathan R Anderson MD Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Imperial College Harry Bulstrode MA Cantab BMBCh MRCS(Eng) Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK Academic Clinical Fellow in Neurosurgery, Division of Neurosciences, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, Andrew Barnett FRCS(Orth) UK Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Shropshire, UK Gordon Carlson BSc MD FRCS Consultant Surgeon, Honorary Professor of Surgery, University Grant Bates BSc BM Bch FRCS (deceased) of Manchester; Honorary Professor of Biomedical Science, Ear, Nose and Throat Surgeon, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University of Salford, Salford, UK and Lecturer, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Christopher Chan BSC PhD FRCS FRCS(Gen Surg) Philip Bejon MD Consultant Colorectal Surgeon, Academic Surgical Unit, Barts Bone Infection Unit, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, Health NHS Trust, London, UK UK Ian Chetter MB ChB FRCSMD FRCS(Gen Surg) PG Cert Medical Tony Belli MD FRCS(SN) Ultrasound PG Dip Clinical Education Reader in Trauma, Neurosurgery, University of Birmingham, Professor of Surgery, Hull York Medical School, University of Birmingham, UK Hull; Honorary Consultant Vascular Surgeon, Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust, Academic Vascular Surgical Unit, Old Satyajit Bhattacharya MS MPhil FRCS Doctors Residence, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK Consultant Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgeon, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK Sue Clark MD FRCS(Gen Surg) Consultant Colorectal Surgeon, St Mark’s Hospital, Harrow, UK Martin Birchall M(Cantab) FRCS FRCS(Oto) FRCS(ORL) Professor of Laryngology, University College London, Kevin C Conlon MA MCh MBA FRCSI FACS FRCPS(Glas) FTCD Consultant in Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Professor of Surgery, Trinity College Dublin; Consultant Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, UCLH NHS Surgeon, St. Vincent’s University Hospital and The Adelaide Trust, London, UK and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Ireland Ken Boffard BSC(Hons) MB BCh FRCS FRCS(Ed) FRCPS(Glas) FACS Paul Cool MD MedSc(Res) FRCS(Ed) FRCS(Orth) FCS(SA) Consultant Orthopaedic and Oncological Surgeon, Robert Jones Professor and Head, Department of Surgery, Johannesburg and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Gobowen, Shropshire, UK Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Ara Darzi PC KBE HonFrEng FmedSci Professor the Lord Darzi of Denham, Professor of Surgery, Gavin Bowden MB BCh FCS(SA)(Orth) Imperial College London, St Mary’s Hospital Campus, London, Consultant Spinal Surgeon, St Lukes Hospital, Oxford, UK UK 00-00-B&L_26th-Prelims-cpp.indd 8 19/09/2012 10:55 CONTRIBUTORS ix Pradip K Datta MBE MS FRCS(Ed) FRCS FRCSI FRCPS(Glas) Sudip Ghosh MB BS MS FRCS(Plast) Honorary Consultant Surgeon, Caithness General Hospital, Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Wick, Caithness, UK Aylesbury, UK Brian R Davidson MD FRCS Peter Giannoudis MD FRCS Consultant Surgeon, Royal Free Hospital and Professor of Professor of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Surgery, Hampstead Campus, University College London, Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK London, UK Tim Goodacre MD FRCS Sanjay De Bakshi MB BS MS FRCS FRCS(Ed) Senior Clinical Lecturer and Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Consultant Surgeon, Unit of Surgical Gastroenterology, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals, Oxford, UK Calcutta Medical Research Institute, Kolkata, India William Gray MB MD FRCSI FRCS(SN) Ian Eardley MA MChir FRCS (Urol) FEBU Professor of Functional Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychological Consultant Urologist, Department of Urology, St James Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, University Hospital, Leeds, UK Cardiff, UK Michael Earley MB MCh FRCSI FRCS(Plast) Adam Greenbaum MB BS MBA PhD FRCS(Plast) FEBOPRAS Consultant Plastic Surgeon and Associate Clinical Professor, Consultant Plastic Surgeon, The Aesthetic Body Centre, The Children’s University Hospital, Temple Street and Mater Hamilton, New Zealand Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland Jagannath Haldar MB BS MD FRCA Jonothan Earnshaw DM FRCS Consultant Anaesthetist and Clinical Lead, Oxford University Consultant Vascular Surgeon, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Hospitals NHS Trust, Honorary Clinical Lecturer, Oxford Gloucester, UK Brooke’s University, Oxford, UK Deborah Eastwood FRCS Freddie Hamdy MD MA FRCS FRCS(Ed)(Urol) FMedSci The Catterall Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Director, Division of Surgery and Oncology, Oxford Radcliffe Stanmore, Middlesex, UK Hospitals NHS Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK Hilary Edgcombe BA BM BCh(Oxon) FRCA(Lon) Bob Handley MB ChB FRCS Consultant Anaesthetist, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK UK Jim Hill MB ChB ChM FRCS Jonathan Epstein MA MD FRCS Consultant General and Colorectal Surgeon, Manchester Royal Specialist Registrar in General Surgery, Hope Hospital, Salford, Infirmary, Manchester, UK UK Shervanthi Homer-Vanniasinkam BSc MD FRCS(Ed) FRCS Roger Feakins MB BCh BAO BA MD FRCPI FRCPath Consultant Vascular Surgeon, The General Infirmary at Consultant Histopathologist and NHS Professor of Leeds; Clinical Sub-Dean, University of Leeds Medical Gastrointestinal Pathology, Department of Histopathology, School Chair, Translational Vascular Medicine, University Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK of Bradford; Director, Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, London Honorary Professor, Division of Surgical and Kenneth Fearon MD FRCPS(Glas) FRCS(Ed) FRCS Interventional Sciences, University College London, London, Professor of Surgical Oncology and Honorary Consultant UK Colorectal Surgeon, Clinical Surgery, School of Clinical Science, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, Ian Hunt MB BS BSc(Hons) FRCS(C-Th) UK Consultant Thoracic Surgeon, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St George’s Hospital, London, UK Pierre Foex DPhil FRCA FMedSci Nuffield Division of Anaesthetics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Ian Jackson MB ChB FRCA Headley Way, Oxford, UK Consultant Anaesthetist, Past President British Association of Day Surgery, York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Christopher G Fowler BSc MB BS MA MS FRCP FRCS(Urol) FEBU FHEA York, UK Professor, Department of Urology, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK Kath Jenkins BM BS FRCA Consultant Anaesthetist, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK O James Garden BSc MB ChB FRCPS(Glas) FRCS(Ed) FRCP(Ed) FRCSCan FRACS(Hon) Kevin D. Johnston MBChB (Hons) BDS BSc MFDSRCS FRCA Regius Professor of Clinical Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences, Specialist Registrar in Anaesthetics, Nuffield Department of University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK Anaesthetics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK 00-00-B&L_26th-Prelims-cpp.indd 9 19/09/2012 10:55