Table Of Content

Bailey & Love’s SHORT PRACTICE of SURGERY Sebaceous horn (The owner, the widow Dimanche, sold water-cress in Paris) A favourite illustration of Hamilton Bailey and McNeill Love, and well known to readers of earlier editions of Short Practice. 01_00-B&L27_Prelims_MainEdn.indd 1 25/10/2017 07:21 Henry Hamilton Bailey 1894–1961 Robert J. McNeill Love 1891–1974 Skilled surgeons, inspirational teachers, dedicated authors 01_00-B&L27_Prelims_MainEdn.indd 2 25/10/2017 07:21 Bailey & Love’s SHORT PRACTICE of SURGERY th 27 EDITION Edited by Professor Sir Norman Williams MS FRCS FMedSci FRCP FRCP(Ed) FRCA FDS(Hon) FACS(Hon) FRCS(I)(Hon) FRCS(Ed)(Hon) Senior Clinical Advisor to the Secretary of State for Health; Past President, The Royal College of Surgeons of England 2011–2014; Emeritus Professor of Surgery, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK Professor P. Ronan O’Connell MD FRCS(I) FRCPS(Glas) FRCS(Ed) Head of Section of Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University College Dublin, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland Professor Andrew W. McCaskie MMus MD FRCS FRCS (T&O) Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Head of Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge; Honorary Consultant, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK 01_00-B&L27_Prelims_MainEdn.indd 3 25/10/2017 07:21 Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Bailey & Love First published in Great Britain in 1932 This 27th edition published in 2018 by CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-9650-7 (Pack – Paperback and eBook) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-138-03166-1 (Pack – Hardback and eBook) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-138-03164-7 (International Student Edition; restricted territorial availability) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Names: Williams, Norman S., 1947- editor. | O’Connell, P. Ronan, editor. | McCaskie, A. W., editor. Title: Bailey & Love’s short practice of surgery / [edited by] Norman Williams, P. Ronan O’Connell, Andrew McCaskie. Other titles: Bailey and Love’s short practice of surgery | Short practice of surgery. Description: 27th edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2017. Identifiers: LCCN 2017015906 (print) | LCCN 2017018725 (ebook) | ISBN 9781315111087 (General eBook) | ISBN 9781351617994 (Adobe eBook) | ISBN 9781351617987 ( ePub eBook) | ISBN 9781351617970 (Mobipocket eBook) | ISBN 9781138031661 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781498796507 (pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781138031647 (international edition pbk. : alk. paper). Subjects: | MESH: Surgical Procedures, Operative | Perioperative Care. Classification: LCC RD31 (ebook) | LCC RD31 (print) | NLM WO 500 | DDC 617--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017015906 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com 01_00-B&L27_Prelims_MainEdn.indd 4 25/10/2017 07:21 Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Contents Preface viii PART 2: INVESTIGATION AND Contributors x DIAGNOSIS Acknowledgements xvii 14 Diagnostic imaging 190 Sayings of the great xx Matthew Matson, Muaaze Ahmad & Niall Power 15 Gastrointestinal endoscopy 216 PART 1: BASIC PRINCIPLES James O. Lindsay & Philip Woodland 16 Tissue and molecular diagnosis 234 1 Metabolic response to injury 2 Roger M. Feakins The late Kenneth Fearon 2 Shock and blood transfusion 12 Karim Brohi PART 3: PERIOPERATIVE CARE 3 Wounds, healing and tissue repair 24 Michael John Earley 17 Preoperative care including the high-risk surgical patient 254 4 Tissue engineering and regeneration 33 Medha Vanarase-Pandit, Pierre Foex & Andrew W. McCaskie & John Andrew Bradley Anand Sardesai 5 Surgical infection 42 18 Anaesthesia and pain relief 269 Peter Lamont Vivek Mehta & Serene Hsi-Lin Chang 6 Tropical infections and infestations 57 19 Nutrition and fluid therapy 278 Pradip K. Datta, Pawanindra Lal & John MacFie Sanjay De Bakshi 20 Postoperative care 290 7 Basic surgical skills and anastomoses 84 Anand Sardesai & Fay Gilder Mark G. Coleman 21 Day case surgery 301 8 Principles of laparoscopic and robotic surgery 105 Douglas McWhinnie & Ian Jackson Hutan Ashrafian, Sanjay Purkayastha & Ara Darzi 9 Principles of paediatric surgery 119 PART 4: TRAUMA Anthony Lander 22 Introduction to trauma 310 10 Principles of oncology 139 Peter Giannoudis & Bob Handley Robert J.C. Steele & Alastair Munro 23 Early assessment and management of severe 11 Surgical audit and research 161 trauma 322 Jonothan J. Earnshaw & Birgit Whitman Chris Moran & Dan Deakin 12 Surgical ethics and law 170 24 Traumatic brain injury 328 Robert Wheeler Harry J.C.J. Bulstrode & Antonio Belli 13 Human factors, patient safety and quality improvement 176 Frank B.V. Keane & Ken Mealy 01_00-B&L27_Prelims_MainEdn.indd 5 25/10/2017 07:21 vi Contents 25 Neck and spine 338 PART 7: HEAD AND NECK John Crawford & Douglas Hay 43 Cranial neurosurgery 652 26 Maxillofacial trauma 355 Harry J.C.J. Bulstrode & William P. Gray David A. Koppel 44 The eye and orbit 672 27 Torso trauma 364 Keith R. Martin Ken Boffard & Elias Degiannis 45 Cleft lip and palate: developmental 28 Extremity trauma 381 abnormalities of the face, mouth and jaws 686 Lee Van Rensburg David A. Koppel 29 Disaster surgery 409 46 The ear, nose and sinuses 703 Mamoon Rashid Iain J. Nixon, Iain Hathorn & Alex Bennett 30 Conflict surgery 424 47 Pharynx, larynx and neck 725 Jon Clasper & Phill Pearce Terry M. Jones 48 Oral cavity malignancy 760 PART 5: ELECTIVE ORTHOPAEDICS Andrew G. Schache 31 History taking and clinical examination in 49 Disorders of the salivary glands 776 musculoskeletal disease 436 Mark McGurk & Leandros-Vassilios F. Vassiliou Stephen M. McDonnell & Hemant G. Pandit 32 Sports medicine and sports injuries 463 PART 8: BREAST AND ENDOCRINE Gina Allen 50 The thyroid gland 800 33 The spine 471 Iain J. Nixon & Richard M. Adamson Brian J.C. Freeman & Chris Lavy 51 The parathyroid glands 823 34 Upper limb 488 Ruth S. Prichard David Limb & Sam Vollans 52 The adrenal glands and other abdominal 35 Hip and knee 511 endocrine disorders 838 Vikas Khanduja & Wasim Sardar Khan Tom W.J. Lennard 36 Foot and ankle 524 53 The breast 860 Bob Sharp Richard C. Sainsbury 37 Musculoskeletal tumours 534 Paul Cool & Craig Gerrand PART 9: CARDIOTHORACIC 38 Infection of the bones and joints 549 Martin A. McNally & Philippa C. Matthews 54 Cardiac surgery 884 39 Paediatric orthopaedics 561 Jonathan R. Anderson & Mustafa Zakkar Deborah M. Eastwood 55 The thorax 914 Carol Tan & Ian Hunt PART 6: SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE PART 10: VASCULAR 40 Skin and subcutaneous tissue 592 56 Arterial disorders 942 Adam R. Greenbaum & Christopher L.H. Chan Rob Sayers & Robert S.M. Davies 41 Burns 617 57 Venous disorders 969 Michael P.H. Tyler & Sudip J. Ghosh Ian C. Chetter & Dan Carradice 42 Plastic and reconstructive surgery 633 58 Lymphatic disorders 995 Tim Goodacre Gnaneswar Atturu, David A. Russell & Shervanthi Homer-Vanniasinkam 01_00-B&L27_Prelims_MainEdn.indd 6 25/10/2017 14:47 Contents vii PART 11: ABDOMINAL PART 12: GENITOURINARY 59 History and examination of the abdomen 1016 75 Urinary symptoms and investigations 1374 P. Ronan O’Connell J. Kilian Mellon 60 Abdominal wall, hernia and umbilicus 1022 76 Kidneys and ureters 1398 Bruce Tulloh & Stephen J. Nixon J. Kilian Mellon 61 The peritoneum, omentum, mesentery and 77 The urinary bladder 1423 retroperitoneal space 1047 Freddie C. Hamdy Charles H. Knowles 78 The prostate and seminal vesicles 1456 62 The oesophagus 1067 David E. Neal & Greg Shaw Derek Alderson 79 Urethra and penis 1477 63 Stomach and duodenum 1106 Ian Eardley Tim Underwood & John N. Primrose 80 Testis and scrotum 1497 Ian Eardley 64 Bariatric and metabolic surgery 1144 Richard Welbourn & Dimitri Pournaras 81 Gynaecology 1513 Monica Mittal, Prasanna Raj Supramaniam 65 The liver 1153 & Christian Becker Robert P. Jones & Graeme J. Poston 66 The spleen 1176 PART 13: TRANSPLANTATION O. James Garden 82 Transplantation 1532 67 The gallbladder and bile ducts 1188 John Andrew Bradley Kevin C.P. Conlon 68 The pancreas 1212 APPENDICES Satyajit Bhattacharya Appendix 1: 69 The small intestine 1240 Common instruments used in general surgery 1560 Gordon Lawrence Carlson & Mattias Soop Pradip K. Datta 70 The large intestine 1258 Appendix 2: Gordon Lawrence Carlson & Jonathan Epstein Fundamental principles in the operating theatre and the importance of global health 1563 71 Intestinal obstruction 1280 Alan Norrish & Chris Lavy Jim Hill 72 The vermiform appendix 1299 Index 1567 Jürgen Mulsow 73 The rectum 1318 David Jayne & Hiba Fatayer 74 The anus and anal canal 1339 Karen Nugent 01_00-B&L27_Prelims_MainEdn.indd 7 25/10/2017 14:47 Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Preface to 27th Edition When Hamilton Bailey and McNeil Love published the first a surgical team interacts is crucial to the outcome for a patient edition of their venerated textbook in 1932 the surgical world undergoing a surgical procedure. This also applies, of course, was a very different place to that of today. There were no anti- outside the operating theatre because multidisciplinary work- biotics, no joint replacement, no open heart surgery, no trans- ing is now paramount to the delivery of safe and effective plantation and many other procedures that we now take for patient care. There is no doubt that in recent years regulation granted had simply not been invented. Medicine as a whole of medical practice has become tighter. Whereas in certain and surgery in particular never stands still. Surgeons contin- jurisdictions some may feel that this has become stifling, there ually strive to innovate so that they can tackle conditions is no doubt that regulation is here to stay. Needless to say, we and diseases previously thought to be beyond reach. They should all be aware of our responsibilities to patients, both do this against a background of new discoveries in both the morally and ethically, and, although most need no remind- physical and biological sciences. Such breakthroughs make ing, the law is continually changing as test cases are brought some surgical procedures redundant but others stimulate new before the courts. Hence, we draw the attention of the reader approaches. This is seen in all specialties and consequently to the revamped chapter on ethics and the law, the tenets of it is important for textbooks not only to keep pace with new which we must all abide by. developments but also to ensure that a balanced view is taken Throughout the text, we have also endeavoured to point of their place in the therapeutic armamentarium. In develop- out where we and our authors think the specialty is moving. ing the 27th edition of this much-loved textbook, we have Exciting developments are on the horizon. For instance, striven to keep this in the forefront of our minds and those genome sequencing will have a marked effect on how we of our contributors. Nevertheless, in addition to considering practise in certain specialties, none more so than oncology. the place of innovation, it is important not to ‘throw the baby Robotics is likely to improve many more surgical procedures out with the bathwater’. We have therefore ensured that the and tissue engineering will become more commonplace. In basic tenets of surgical practice that have stood the test of order to accommodate these advances, it has been necessary time remain where appropriate. to streamline some of the more established chapters, other- Since the last edition great strides have been made in wise the book would become unwieldy. As a consequence, we certain areas and we have ensured that these have been have ensured that the ‘Further reading’ list at the end of each embedded in the book. For instance, in colorectal surgery a chapter has been brought up to date, allowing readers to delve tipping point has been reached whereby more elective sur- further if they so wish. gery is performed laparoscopically than by open technique. We are very conscious that the book is popular through- Similarly, in vascular surgery there has been an explosion in out the world and consequently we have ensured that those the use of interventional radiology to treat conditions that diseases that are prevalent outside Europe and North America were previously the sole province of the surgeon. Stenting of are included. Where relevant we have involved experts who aortic aneurysms (EVAR), for instance, is rapidly replacing are used to dealing with such maladies. The chapter on elective open operations and, in many instances, is being used tropical infections and infestations is such an example. for treating leaking aneurysms, with a concomitant marked We have also endeavoured in this edition to be more reduction in mortality. Damage control surgery is an increas- consistent in its layout, ensuring that we use a similar format ingly important part of trauma management, in both civilian for tables, graphs and diagrams. Nevertheless, we have been and conflict settings. Such developments also highlight the sure to keep the biographical details of individual scientists important role of the multidisciplinary team and the reali- and practitioners, which have been beloved of all readers sation that modern surgical care can no longer be provided throughout the generations. Similarly, we have retained the in isolation. This concept is reiterated throughout the book section on surgical instruments. Although some are now very and is also why the importance of human factors is empha- much of historical interest, they are part of our heritage and sised in the chapter on patient safety, which is a relatively students and indeed established practitioners will, we hope, new science of how humans behave physically and psycho- find these vignettes fascinating. We have been told that the logically in relation to particular environments. There is no Summary boxes are very much appreciated by both under- more intense environment than an operating theatre, so how graduate and postgraduate students revising, sometimes in 01_00-B&L27_Prelims_MainEdn.indd 8 25/10/2017 07:21 Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Preface to 27th Edition ix Bailey & Love Bailey & Love Bailey & Love haste, before exams and hence our authors have ensured that streamlined the trauma and orthopaedic sections as well as these are up to date. overseeing other chapters. A book as comprehensive as this could never have been Readers of Bailey & Love have always been an integral part completed without the dedication and professionalism of our of the development of the book over the years and the pres- contributors. They have invariably answered our demands ent editorial group relish your feedback, which we know from with alacrity and accuracy, appreciating the responsibility experience will be forthcoming. Such input is vital if the book that goes with informing the readership of such a respected is to continue to reach the very high standards expected from and established textbook. We are extremely grateful for all each new edition. This has been a labour of love for all of us their efforts because we are conscious that a textbook such as involved in this edition and we do hope it fulfils your needs, this can never rest on its laurels. If it is to remain in the higher no matter whether you are an undergraduate student explor- echelons of surgical tomes it must have the very best contrib- ing the exciting world of surgical practice for the first time, utors and we believe that we have brought together such a a postgraduate trainee studying for exams or an established cadre in the present edition. This in no way diminishes the consultant who wishes to refresh his or her memory. contributions of the authors from the previous edition who We wish you all well in your careers no matter which are no longer involved. They, for a variety of reasons including specialty you choose to practise in and we very much hope retirement, have passed on the baton. We are grateful to them that the 27th and indeed subsequent editions of Bailey & Love for magnanimously stepping down and making way for ‘new accompany you on your travels through this most rewarding blood’ and none more so than our previous co-editor Professor of professions. Christopher Bulstrode. Chris helped revamp the 23rd, 24th, 25th and 26th Editions and these would never have been as Norman S. Williams successful without his dedicated efforts. Chris’s place in the P. Ronan O’Connell editorial team has been taken by Andrew McCaskie who has Andrew W. McCaskie 01_00-B&L27_Prelims_MainEdn.indd 9 25/10/2017 07:21