ebook img

Bacterial Cell Wall - J. Ghuysen, R. Hackenbeck (Elsevier, 1994) WW PDF

607 Pages·1994·39.08 MB·English
by  
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Bacterial Cell Wall - J. Ghuysen, R. Hackenbeck (Elsevier, 1994) WW

BACTERIAL CELL WALL New Comprehensive Biochemistry Volume 27 General Editors A. NEUBERGER London L.L.M. van DEENEN Urrechr ELSEVIER Amsterdam - London - New York - Tokyo Bacterial Cell Wall Editors J.-M. GHUYSEN Centre d’lngknierie des Protbines, Universitk de Likge, Institut de Chimie, B6, B-4000 Sart Tilman (Likge I), Belgium R. HAKENBECK Mar-Planck Institut fur Molekulare Genetik, Ihnestrasse 73, D- I4 I95 Berlin 33, Germany 1994 ELSEVIER Amsterdam - London - New York - Tokyo Elsevier Science B.V. P.O. Box 21 1 1000 AE Amsterdam The Netherlands ISBN 0 444 88094-1 (volume) ISSN 0 444 80303-3 (series) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bacterial cell wall /editors, J.-M. Ghuysen, R. Hakenbeck. cm. -- (New comprehensive biochemistry : v. 27) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-444-88094-1 (acid-free paper) I . Bacterial cell walls. 2. Peptidoglycans. 3. Bacterial proteins. 1. Ghuysen, J.M. 11. Hakenbeck. R. (Regine). 1948-. 111. Series. QD415.N48 vol. 27 [QR77.3] [589.9’08751 p. 574.19’2 s--dc20 93-4 I268 CIP 0 1994 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the Publisher, Elsevier Science B.V., Copyright & Permissions Department, P.O. Box 521, 1000 Ah4 Amsterdam, The Netherlands. No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of the rapid advances in the medical sciences, the Publisher recommends that independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. Special regulations for readers in the USA - This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC) Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside of the USA, should be referred to the copyright owner, Elsevier Science B.V., unless otherwise specified. This book is printed on acid-free paper Printed in The Netherlands V Preface Studies of the bacterial cell wall emerged as a new field of research in the early 1950s and, literally, took off primarily thanks to the pioneering work of Milton R.J. Salton. Since then, it has flourished in a multitude of directions and has reached the stage where the preparation of a monograph as a ‘one-man show’ is no longer possible. This volume is the result of a joint venture involving numerous contributors. Following a historic pers- pective of the field (Chapter l), it has been conceived as an attempt to single out topics of great conceptual importance related to those groups of macromolecules which are loca- lized outside the permeability barrier, i.e. the cytoplasmic membrane, of the Eubacteria, with special emphasis on the genetic, molecular and, when possible, atomic levels. Peptidoglycan, the basic matrix of the bacterial wall, is present in all vegetative cells, except the L-forms and Mycoplasma, and is an essential constituent of bacterial endo- spores (Chapters 2-8). Teichoic and teichuronic acids, lipoteichoic acids, lipoglycans, neutral complex polysaccharides and several specialized proteins are frequently unique wall-associated components of Gram-positive bacteria (Chapters 9-1 1). Lipopoly- saccharides, lipoproteins and a multitude of proteins including porins, form the outer membrane of the Gram-negative bacteria (Chapters 12-20). The periplasm is a trans- shipment region localized between the plasma membrane and the outer membrane (Chapter 21). Bacterial cells know how to adapt to changing environmental conditions and, for that purpose, they have evolved signal transduction pathways. These pathways generally are initiated by ‘receptors’ consisting of a sensory domain which is responsible for signal reception on the outer face of the plasma membrane and a cytosolic domain which is re- sponsible for the generation of an intracellular signal. Examples of adaptative responses of this kind are discussed in Chapters 22-24. Acquired resistance to known antibiotics by an increasing number of bacterial species has become such an utterly serious concern that, in terms of effective antibacterial chemotherapy, the 1990s are beginning to look like the ‘pre-antibiotic era’. This situation is the grim harvest of ignorance and complacency. It demands urgent attention. Chapters 25-27 deal with the underlying mechanisms of bacterial resistance to the main chemo- therapeutically useful ‘cell wall’ antibiotics, the 8-lactams and the glycopeptides. With the rapid growth of scientific literature in the field, it was impossible to condense all the accumulated knowledge in a book of the size of the present volume. There are gaps. In particular, no chapter is devoted to the walls of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprue which are plagues that massively affect much of the Third World. Inevitably also, the book will contain ‘out of date’ sections by the time it is published. In spite of these imperfections, we hope that it provides an integrated collection of contributions forming a fundamental reference for researchers and of general use to teachers and ad- vanced students in the life sciences. We also hope that it can provide useful guidelines VI for those wishing to make an informed decision about whether research on the bacterial cell wall is worth funding in these times. Research often begins with a question. This book witnesses the multifaceted pursuits of scientists engaged in bacterial cell wall research with many of the why’s, how’s and wherefore’s that they strive, with increasing success, to answer. We thank them for their valuable contributions. We also express our gratitude to Professor Laurens L.M. van Deenen, general co-editor of the New Comprehensive Biochemistry series who initiated this venture, to Mrs Amanda Shipperbottom and Mrs Annette Leeuwendal, publishing editors, and Mr. Dirk de Heer, desk editor, of Elsevier Science B.V., who produced the book. Regine Hakenbeck Berlin Jean-Marie Ghuysen Libge October 1993. List of contributors J.A. Ayala, 73 Centro de Biologia Molecular, CSIC, Universidad Autbnoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain E. Bartowsky, 485 Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, Medical School, Box 8230, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 631 10, USA M.E. Bayer, 447 Fox Chase Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Research, 7701 Burholme Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA R. Benz, 397 Lehrstuhl fur Biotechnologie, Biozentrum der Universitat Wurzburg, Am Hubland, D- 9 70 74 Wurzburg, Germany C. Bernegger-Egli, 263 Department of Microbiology, University of British Columbia, 300 - 61 74 University Blvd., Vancouver, B.C., V6T 123, Canada V . Braun, 3 19 Mikrobiologie 11, Universitat Tubingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 0-72076 Tubingen, Germany C.E. Buchanan, 167 Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist Universiw, Dallas, TX 752 75 0376, USA S.W. Cowan, 353 Department of Structural Biology, Biocentre, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland G. Dive, 103 Centre d'lnge'nierie des Prote'ines, Universite' de Liige, Institut de Chimie, B6, B-4000 Sart Tilman (Liige I), Belgium J . Erickson, 485 Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, Medical School, Box 8230, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 631 10, USA W . Fischer, 199 Institut fur Biochemie der Medizinischen Fakultat, Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany T. Garrido, 73 Centro de Investigaciones Biolbgicas, CSIC, C/ Velhquez, 144, 28006 Madrid, Spain J.-M. Ghuysen, 103, 505 Centre d'lnge'nierie des Prote'ines, Universitk de Lizge, Institut de Chimie, B6, B-4000 Sart Tilman (Liige I), Belgium VIII R. Hakenbeck, 535 Max-Planck Institut fur Molekulare Genetik, Ihnestrasse 73, 0-14195 Berlin 33, Germany R.E.W. Hancock, 263 Department of Microbiology, University of British Columbia, 300 - 61 74 University Blvd., Vancouver, B.C., V6T 123, Canada K. Hardt, 505 Centre d’lngknierie des Protkines, Universitk de Likge, Institut de Chimie, B6, B-4000 Sart Tilman (Likge I), Belgium J. van Heijenoort, 39 Unitk de Recherche Associde 1131 du CNRS, Biochimie Molkculaire et Cellulaire, Universitk Paris-Sud, Bdt. 432, 91405 Orsay, France U. Henning, 381 Max-Planck-Institut fur Biologie, Corrensstrasse 38, 0-72076 Tubingen, Germany A.O. Henriques, 167 Centro de Tecnologia Quimica e Biolbgica, Apartado 127, 2780 Oeiras, Portugal J.-V. HBltje, 13 1 Max-Planck Institut fur Entwicklungsbiologie, Spemannstrasse 35, 0-72076 Tubingen, Germany C. Hughes, 425 Cambridge University Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 IQP, UK C. Jacobs, 485 Centre d’hge‘nierie des Protkines, Universitk de LiGge, Institut de Chimie, B6, B-4000 Sart-Tilman (Li2ge I), Belgium D. Jeanteur, 363 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Postfach 10.2209, Meyerhojitrasse 1, D- 69012 Heidelberg, Germany B. Joris, 505 Centre d’lngknierie des Protkines, Universitk de Likge, Institut de Chimie, B6, B-4000 Sart Tilman (Li2ge l), Belgium D. Karamata, 187 Institut de ge‘ne‘tique et de biologie microbiennes, Rue Cksar-Roux 19, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland D.N. Karunaratne, 263 Department of Microbiology, University of British Columbia, 300 - 61 74 University Blvd., Vancouver, B.C., V6T 123, Canada M.A. Kehoe, 217 Department of Microbiology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK R. Koebnik, 381 Max-Planck-Institut fur Biologie, Corrensstrasse 38, D- 72076 Tubingen, Germany V. Koronakis, 425 Cambridge University Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 IQP, UK 1x H. Labischinski, 23 Bqver AG, Institut fur Chemotherapie, 0-42096 Wuppertal, Germany J.H. Lakey, 363 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Postfach 10.2209, Meyerhojitrasse 1, D- 69012 Heidelberg, Germany F. Lindberg, 485 Department of Medicine, Washington University, Medical School, Box 8230, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 631 10, USA S. Lindquist, 485 Department of Microbiology, UmeB University, UmeB, Sweden H. Maidhof, 23 Robert Koch-Institute of the Federal Health Oflce, Nordufr 20, 0-13353 Berlin 65, Germany M. Matsuhashi, 55 Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokai University, School of High Technology for Human Welfare, Nishino 31 7, Numazu-shi, Shizuoka-ken, 410-03 Japan H. Nikaido, 547 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, 229 Stanley Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA S. Normark, 485 Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, Medical School, Box 8230, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 631 10, USA F. Pattus, 363 European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Postfach 10.2209, Meyerhojitrasse I , D- 69012 Heidelberg, Germany M.A. de Pedro, 73 Centro de Biologia Molecular, CSIC, Universidad Autbnoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain P.J. Piggot, 167 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA H.M. Pooley, 187 Institut de gknktique et de biologie microbiennes, Rue Char-Roux 19, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland P. Reeves, 28 1 Microbiology Department, Bldg G08, University of Sydney, Australia NSW 2006 M.R.J. Salton, 1 Department of Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA T. Schirmer, 353 Department of Structural Biology, Biocentre, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland G.E. Schulz, 343 Institut fur Organische Chemie und Biochemie der Albert-Ludwigs-Universitdt, Albertstrasse 21, 0-79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.