Bacterial and Bacteriophage Genetics: An Introduction

431 Pages·1988·11.592 MB·English

by  Edward A. Birge (auth.)

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Springer Series in Microbiology
Edward A. Birge
Bacterial and
Bacteriophage Genetics
An Introduction
Second Edition
With 150 Figures
• Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Edward A. Birge
Department of Microbiology
Arizona State University
Tempe. Arizona 85287
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Birge. Edward A. (Edward Asahel) .
Bacterial and bacteriophage genetics : an introduction I Edward A.
Birge.-2nd ed.
p. cm.-(Springer series in microbiology)
Inc1udes bibliographies and index.
ISBN 978-1-4757-1997-0 ISBN 978-1-4757-1995-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-1995-6
1. Bacterial genetics. 2. Bacteriophage-Genetics. 1. Title.
Il. Series.
[DNLM: 1. Bacteria-genetics. 2. Bacteriophages-genetics. QW
51 B617b]
QH434.B57 1988
589.9'OI5-dcI9
DNLMlDLC
for Library of Congress 88-12241
CIP
© 1981, 1988 by Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. in 1988
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 1988
AII rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without
the written permis sion of the publisher Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis.
Use in connection with any form ofinformation storage and retrieval. electronic adaptation,
computer software. or by similar or dis similar methodology now known or hereafter developed
is forbidden.
The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks. etc. in this publication,
even ifthe former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names.
as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used
freely by anyone.
Typeset by David E. Seham Associates/Metuchen, New Jersey.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN 978-1-4757-1997-0
For Lori, Anna, and Colin
Preface to the Second Edition
It is with real pleasure that I offer some introductory remarks to this second
edition of Bacterial and Bacteriophage Genetics. The reception of the
first edition was very good, and most of the criticisms offered have only
served to strengthen this new edition. The majority of the suggestions for
revision of material included requests for more molecular detail. I have
tried to provide this throughout the text but especially in the heavily revised
Chapter I and completely rewritten Chapters 2 and 10. The former Chapter
2 has been repositioned as an appendix so as to offer an uninterrupted
flow of material in the main body of the text.
The tremendous increase in our knowledge of the genetics of eukaryotic
microorganisms has permitted another sort of change in coverage. Instead
of general discussions about eukaryotic organisms, wherever possible I
have tried to offer specific details about Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whose
wealth of genetic detail will soon rival that of Escherichia coli. Although
this material is not intended as a substitute for a course in yeast genetics,
it is my hope that it will enable the beginning student to comprehend some
of the similarities and differences between these two popular micro
organisms.
As before this book is intended for the student who is taking a first
course in bacterial and bacteriophage genetics and who brings to it some
background in genetics. The best background would be an introductory
course in general genetics, but extensive coverage of genetics in an in
troductory biology course might well prove sufficient. As an example, it
is assumed that the student is familiar with the standard Watson and Crick
model for DNA structure. A broad knowledge of microorganisms is helpful
but not required to understand the material presented. In general the ma
terial from a good introductory biology course should be adequate.
viii Preface to the Second Edition
Several books can be noted as being particularly useful sources of de
tailed supplementary information. David Freifelder's Physical Biochem
istry, Second Edition, is particularly valuable as a resource for methods
used in analyzing macromolecules. Additional information about Saccha
romyces can be found in Yeast Genetics: Fundamental and Applied As
pects edited by J.F.T. Spencer, D.M. Spencer, and A.R.W. Smith. Cold
Spring Harbor Laboratory constantly publishes many monographs dealing
with various aspects of bacterial and viral genetics. Their current book
list should be consulted for details. Probably the most important one for
this book is Genetic Maps, Volume 4, edited by S.J. O'Brien. The Amer
ican Society for Microbiology also is a good source for monographic lit
erature. Their recent publications include Escherichia coli and Salmonella
typhimurium: Cell and Molecular Biology, edited by F.W. Neidhardt. Most
references to classic papers have been omitted, and the reader is referred
to collections of papers that have been reprinted such as the volume edited
by Abou-Sabe.
Acknowledgments
I am indebted to many people for helpful suggestions and comments about
the first edition. I would particularly like to acknowledge the following
individuals who assisted in correcting errors in the first edition: Dr. Paul
A. Lemke, Auburn University; Dr. Margarita Salas, Universidad Auton
oma de Madrid; and Dr. T.A. Trautner, Max Planck lnstitut, Berlin. Dr.
W. Scott Champney's suggestions on reorganizing the material were most
helpful. Dr. Martha Howe graciously volunteered some assistance with
the material on phage Mu. However, any errors that remain must be at
tributed to me.
It has once again been a pleasure to work with the people at Springer
Verlag who have been very helpful during all phases of this revision.
Linkage Maps
Inside the front cover The illustrations on the front inside cover are
linear scale drawings representing the circular linkage map of E. coli
K-12. The time scale of 100 minutes, beginning arbitrarily with zero at
the thr locus, is based on the results of interrupted-conjugation experi
ments. Major genetic symbols used in this figure are defined in Table 2-
2. Parentheses around a gene symbol indicate that the position of that
marker is not well known and may have been determined only within 5
to 10 minutes. An asterisk indicates that a marker has been mapped more
precisely but that its position with respect to nearby markers is not known.
The small vertical arrows indicate the directions of transcription of certain
well-studied loci. Parentheses around an operon indicate that, although
the direction of transcription of the genes in the operon is known, the
orientation of the operon on the chromosome is not known. A similar map
for Salmonella typhimurium may be found inside the back cover. From
Bachmann, B.J. (1983) Linkage map of E. coli K-12, edition VII. Micro
biological Reviews 47:180-230.
Inside the back cover The illustrations on the back inside cover are linear
scale drawings representing the circular linkage map of Salmonella ty
phimurium. The scale of 100 units has been chosen to emphasize the sim
ilarities to the E. coli map (inside the front cover). A length of one unit
represents the amount of DNA carried by P22, KBl, or ES18 transducing
phage particles, while a length of two units represents the amount of DNA
carried by a PI transducing phage particle (see Chapter 7). The segmented
lines to the right of the gene symbols indicate genes that are jointly trans
duced and the linear distances determined from these data. Major genetic