Bacteria, Bacteriophages, and Fungi: Volume 1 PDF
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HANDBOOK OF GENETICS Volume 1 Bacteria, Bacteriophages, and Fungi HANDBOOK OF GENETICS Volume 1 : Bacteria, Bacteriophages, and Fungi Volume 2: Plants, Plant Viruses, and Protists Volume 3: Invertebrates of Genetic Interest Volume 4: Vertebrates of Genetic Interest Volume 5: Molecular Genetics HANDBOOK OF GENETICS ROBERT C. KING, EDITOR Professor of Genetics, Department of Biological Sciences Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois Volume! Bacteria, Bacteriophages, and Fungi Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data King, Robert C Bacteria, bacteriophages, and fungi. (His Handbook of genetics, v. 1 ) Includes bibliographies. 1. Microbial genetics. I.Title. [DNLM: 1.Genetics. QH431 K54h] QH434.K56 589'.2'0415 74-8867 ISBN 978-1-4899-1712-6 First Printing — November 1974 Second Printing — April 1977 ISBN 978-1-4899-1712-6 ISBN 978-1-4899-1710-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-1710-2 © 1974 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1974 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1974 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher John Raper, Professor of Botany at Harvard University since 1954, died in Boston, Massachusetts on May 21, 1974 at the age of 62. The results of Professor Raper's researches on Schizophyllum and Achlya have exerted a profound influence upon all workers in Fungal Biology, and his memory is held in affection and admiration. Preface The purpose of this and future volumes of the Handbook of Genetics is to bring together a collection of relatively short, authoritative essays or annotated compilations of data on topics of significance to geneticists. Many of the essays will deal with various aspects of the biology of certain species selected because they are favorite subjects for genetic investigation in nature or the laboratory. Often there will be an encyclopedic amount of information available on such a species, with new papers appearing daily. Most of these will be written for specialists in a jargon that is be wildering to a novice, and sometimes even to a veteran geneticist working with evolutionarily distant organisms. For such readers what is needed is a written introduction to the morphology, life cycle, reproductive be havior, and culture methods for the species in question. What are its par ticular advantages (and disadvantages) for genetic study, and what have we learned from it? Where are the classic papers, the key bibliographies, and how does one get stocks of wild type or mutant strains? The chapters devoted to different species will contain information of this sort. Only a few hundreds of the millions of species available to biologists have been subjected to detailed genetic study. However, those that have make up a very heterogeneous sample of the living world. The geneticist will often want to see where in the evolutionary scheme of things various "genetically known" species fit and how close they may be to one another in terms of their positions on the evolutionary tree. The essay by Lynn Margulis is placed as the first chapter in this volume to provide a classifi cation scheme appropriate for just such exercises. After reading this chapter the geneticist should have an up-to-date mental picture of the lines of descent of the evolutionarily diverse organisms that inhabit this planet, and also should appreciate the current controversy concerning the systematics of the prokaryotes and primitive eukaryotes. vii viii Preface This volume contains chapters covermg vanous bacteria, bac teriophages, and fungi. Therefore we are hearing from representatives from two of the Kingdoms in the Margulis' Classification (the Monera and the Fungi). In the next volume representatives of the Kingdoms Plantae and Protista will divulge their genetic secrets. I am particularly grateful for the splendid assistance provided by Patricia DeOca, Pamela Khipple and Lisa Gross during the preparation of this volume. Robert C. King Evanston june, 7974 Contributors Bruce N. Ames, Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California Raymond W. Barratt, Dean, School of Science and Director, Fungal Genetics Stock Center, California State University, Humboldt, Arcata, California Allan Campbell, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stan ford, California Enrique Cerda-Olmedo, Departamento de Genetica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain Keith F. Chater, John Innes Institute, Norwich, England A. John Clutterbuck, Genetics Department, Glasgow University, Glasgow, Scotland Roy Curtiss III, Department of Microbiology, The Medical Center, University of Alabama, B'irmingham, Alabama Julian Davies, Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Bernard Decaris, Laboratoire de Genetique, Universite de Paris-Sud, Centre d'Orsay, Orsay, France Karl Esser, Lehrstuhl fUr allgemeine Botanik, Ruhr-Universit1it Bochum, Bochum, Germany Joseph O. Falkinham III, Department of Microbiology, The Medical Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama Walter Fiers, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium Jacqueline Girard, Laboratoire de Genetique, Universite de Paris-Sud, Centre d'Orsay, Orsay, France Jean Louis Guerdoux, Centre de Genetique Moleculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif sur Yvette, France Herbert Gutz, Institute for Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richards~n, Texas Philip E. Hartman, Biology Department, The Johns Hopkins University, Balti more, Maryland lX x Contributors Henri Heslot, Institut National Agronomique, Paris-Grignon, France Robert M. Hoffman, Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Robin Holliday, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, Eng land Bruce W. Holloway, Department of Genetics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia David A. Hopwood, John Innes Institute, Norwich, England Christopher W. Lawrence, Department of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York Gerard Leblon, Laboratoire de Genetique, Universite de Paris-Sud, Centre d'Orsay, Orsay, France Urs Leupold, Institute fUr allgemeine Mikrobiologie der Universitiit Bern, Bern, Switzerland Mark Levinthal, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West La fayette, Indiana Nicola Loprieno, Istituto di Genetica dell' Universita Pisa Laboratorio di Mutagenesi e Differenziamento del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy K. Brooks Low, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut Francis L. Macrina, Department of Microbiology, The Medical Center, Uni-, versity of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama Lynn Margulis, Biological Science Center, Boston University, Boston, Massa chusetts Yoshimi Okada, Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sci ence, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan Lindsay S. Olive, Department of Botany, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Elena Ottolenghi-Nightingale, University Affiliated Center for Child Development, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C. John R. Raper, Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts Richard E. Sanders, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Tech nology, Cambridge, Massachusetts Kenneth Sanderson, Department of Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Fred Sherman, Department of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York Robert L. Sinsheimer, Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California Ellen G. Strauss, Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasa dena, California James H. Strauss, Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
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