B-AMC Interference Analysis and Spectrum Requirements

135 Pages·2007·2.67 MB·English

REPORT D4 B-AMC Interference Analysis
and Spectrum Requirements

PROJECT TITLE: BROADBAND AERONAUTICAL MULTI-CARRIER
COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
PROJECT ACRONYM: B-AMC
PROJECT CO-ORDINATOR: FREQUENTIS AG FRQ A
PRINCIPAL CONTRACTORS: DEUTSCHES ZENTRUM F(cid:220)R LUFT UND RAUMFAHRT DLR D
E.V.
PARIS LODRON UNIVERSITAET SALZBURG USG A
MILERIDGE LIMITED MIL UK

DOCUMENT IDENTIFIER: D4
ISSUE: 1.1
ISSUE DATE: 22.10.2007
AUTHOR: FREQUENTIS
DISSEMINATION STATUS: PUBLIC
DOCUMENT REF: CIEA15_EN503.11
Report number: D4 Issue: 1.1
History Chart
Issue Date Changed Page (s) Cause of Change Implemented by
1.1 25.05.2007 All sections New document Frequentis
1.0 25.07.2007 All sections Completion of Frequentis
missing sections
Review comments
from ECTL and
FAA incorporated
1.1 11.09.2007 All sections Comments and Frequentis
finding from
Close-Down
meeting
incorporated

Authorisation
No. Action Name Signature Date
1 Prepared M. Sajatovic (FRQ) 12.10.2007
2 Approved J. Prinz (FRQ) 22.10.2007
3 Released C. Rihacek (FRQ) 22.10.2007

The information in this document is subject to change without notice.
All rights reserved. No part of the document may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the written
permission of FREQUENTIS AG.
Company or product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks or
registered trademarks of their respective companies.

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Contents
1. Executive Summary.......................................................1-1
2. Introduction .................................................................2-1
2.1. Study Background..........................................................................2-1
2.2. Specific Context.............................................................................2-2
2.3. Objectives of Work Package 4..........................................................2-3
3. Characteristics of L-band Transmitters .............................3-1
3.1. TX Parameters...............................................................................3-1
3.2. DME airborne TX............................................................................3-1
3.2.1. TX Spectral Characteristics..............................................................3-1
3.2.2. TX EIRP and Duty Cycle..................................................................3-2
3.3. DME ground TX .............................................................................3-3
3.3.1. TX Spectral Characteristics..............................................................3-3
3.3.2. TX EIRP and Duty Cycle..................................................................3-4
3.4. SSR airborne TX............................................................................3-4
3.4.1. TX Spectral Characteristics..............................................................3-4
3.4.1.1. ACAS Interrogator .........................................................................3-5
3.4.2. TX EIRP........................................................................................3-5
3.4.2.1. ACAS TX.......................................................................................3-6
3.5. SSR ground TX..............................................................................3-6
3.5.1. TX Spectral Characteristics..............................................................3-6
3.5.2. TX EIRP........................................................................................3-7
3.6. UMTS900 mobile TX.......................................................................3-7
3.6.1. TX Spectral Characteristics..............................................................3-7
3.6.2. TX EIRP........................................................................................3-8
3.7. UMTS900 BS TX ............................................................................3-8
3.7.1. TX Spectral Characteristics..............................................................3-8
3.7.2. TX EIRP........................................................................................3-9
3.8. GSM900 mobile TX....................................................................... 3-10
3.8.1. TX Spectral Characteristics............................................................ 3-10
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3.8.2. TX EIRP...................................................................................... 3-11
3.9. GSM900 BS TX............................................................................ 3-11
3.9.1. TX Spectral Characteristics............................................................ 3-11
3.9.2. TX EIRP...................................................................................... 3-12
3.10. JTIDS/MIDS TX............................................................................ 3-13
3.10.1. TX Spectral Characteristics............................................................ 3-13
3.10.2. Time Domain Characteristics ......................................................... 3-14
3.10.3. TX EIRP and Duty Cycle................................................................ 3-14
3.11. UAT Airborne TX.......................................................................... 3-15
3.11.1. TX Spectral Characteristics............................................................ 3-15
3.11.2. TX EIRP...................................................................................... 3-15
3.12. UAT Ground TX............................................................................ 3-15
3.12.1. TX Spectral Characteristics............................................................ 3-16
3.12.2. TX EIRP...................................................................................... 3-16
4. Characteristics of L-band Receivers..................................4-1
4.1. DME airborne RX............................................................................4-1
4.1.1. RX Selectivity................................................................................4-1
4.1.2. RX Protection Criteria.....................................................................4-2
4.2. DME ground RX.............................................................................4-2
4.2.1. RX Selectivity................................................................................4-2
4.2.2. RX Protection Criteria.....................................................................4-2
4.3. SSR airborne RX............................................................................4-3
4.3.1. RX Selectivity................................................................................4-3
4.3.2. RX Protection Criteria.....................................................................4-3
4.4. SSR ground RX..............................................................................4-3
4.4.1. RX Selectivity................................................................................4-4
4.4.2. RX Protection Criteria.....................................................................4-4
4.5. UMTS900 mobile RX.......................................................................4-4
4.5.1. RX Selectivity................................................................................4-4
4.5.2. RX Protection Criteria.....................................................................4-5
4.6. UMTS900 BS RX............................................................................4-5
4.6.1. RX Selectivity................................................................................4-6
4.6.2. RX Protection Criteria.....................................................................4-6
4.7. GSM900 mobile RX ........................................................................4-7
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4.7.1. RX Selectivity................................................................................4-7
4.7.2. RX Protection Criteria.....................................................................4-7
4.8. GSM900 BS RX..............................................................................4-8
4.8.1. RX Selectivity................................................................................4-8
4.8.2. RX Protection Criteria.....................................................................4-8
4.9. JTIDS/MIDS RX.............................................................................4-9
4.10. UAT Airborne RX............................................................................4-9
4.10.1. RX Selectivity................................................................................4-9
4.10.2. RX Protection Criteria................................................................... 4-10
4.11. UAT Ground RX ........................................................................... 4-10
4.11.1. RX Selectivity.............................................................................. 4-10
4.11.2. RX Protection Criteria................................................................... 4-10
4.12. L-Band RX Parameters.................................................................. 4-11
5. Characteristics of L-band Antennas..................................5-1
5.1. Antenna Orientation.......................................................................5-1
5.2. Airborne Aeronautical L-band Antennas.............................................5-2
5.3. Ground Aeronautical L-band Antennas ..............................................5-2
5.4. L-band UMTS and GSM Antennas .....................................................5-4
5.5. L-band Antennas ...........................................................................5-5
6. B-AMC RX as an Interference Victim ................................6-1
6.1. Introduction..................................................................................6-1
6.2. B-AMC Ground RX..........................................................................6-1
6.2.1. RX Selectivity................................................................................6-1
6.2.2. RX Protection Criteria.....................................................................6-2
6.3. B-AMC Airborne RX........................................................................6-5
6.3.1. RX Selectivity................................................................................6-5
6.3.2. RX Protection Criteria.....................................................................6-5
6.4. Method Used for DME Interference Investigations...............................6-6
6.4.1. Effect of Over-Sampling..................................................................6-8
6.4.2. Benefits from RX Windowing.......................................................... 6-11
6.4.3. Recommendations........................................................................ 6-13
6.5. Scenario Definition....................................................................... 6-13
6.6. Scenario 1: Airborne TXs ! Airborne B-AMC RX (same A/C) .............. 6-14
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6.7. Scenario 2: Airborne TXs ! Airborne B-AMC RX (Other A/C).............. 6-15
6.7.1. DME_A TX ! B-AMC_A RX ............................................................ 6-15
6.7.2. MIDS_A TX ! B-AMC_A RX........................................................... 6-17
6.7.3. SSR_A TX ! B-AMC_A RX............................................................. 6-17
6.7.4. UAT_A TX ! B-AMC_A RX............................................................. 6-18
6.8. Scenario 3: Ground TXs ! Airborne B-AMC RX................................. 6-18
6.8.1. DME_G TX ! B-AMC_A RX............................................................ 6-18
6.8.2. MIDS_G TX ! B-AMC_A RX........................................................... 6-21
6.8.3. SSR_G TX ! B-AMC_A RX............................................................. 6-21
6.8.4. UAT_G TX ! B-AMC_A RX............................................................. 6-21
6.8.5. GSM/UMTS_BS TX ! B-AMC_A RX................................................. 6-22
6.8.6. GSM/UMTS_Mobile Equipment TX ! B-AMC_A RX............................. 6-22
6.9. Scenario 4: Airborne TXs ! Ground B-AMC RX................................. 6-23
6.9.1. DME_A TX ! B-AMC_G RX............................................................ 6-23
6.9.2. MIDS_A TX ! B-AMC_G RX........................................................... 6-23
6.9.3. SSR_A TX ! B-AMC_G RX............................................................. 6-23
6.9.4. UAT_A TX ! B-AMC_G RX............................................................. 6-23
6.10. Scenario 5: Ground TXs ! Ground B-AMC RX .................................. 6-24
7. B-AMC TX as an Interference Source................................7-1
7.1. Introduction..................................................................................7-1
7.2. B-AMC Ground TX..........................................................................7-2
7.2.1. TX Spectral Characteristics..............................................................7-2
7.2.1.1. Side-lobe Suppression....................................................................7-2
7.2.1.2. Phase Noise..................................................................................7-3
7.2.1.3. Third-order IMD Distortion..............................................................7-3
7.2.1.4. Composite TX Spectral Mask............................................................7-3
7.2.1.5. Spurious Signals............................................................................7-5
7.2.2. TX EIRP........................................................................................7-5
7.3. B-AMC Airborne TX ........................................................................7-5
7.3.1. TX Spectral Characteristics..............................................................7-5
7.3.2. TX EIRP........................................................................................7-5
7.4. Method Used for Interference Investigations......................................7-5
7.5. Scenario Definition.........................................................................7-7
7.6. Scenario 1: Airborne B-AMC TX > Airborne RXs/Own Aircraft ...............7-8
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7.7. Scenario 2: Airborne B-AMC TX > Airborne RXs/Close Aircraft..............7-8
7.7.1. B-AMC_A TX > DME_A/SSR_A/UAT_A RX..........................................7-8
7.7.2. Scenario 2 (cid:150) Conclusion................................................................ 7-10
7.8. Scenario 3: Ground B-AMC TX > Airborne RXs................................. 7-11
7.8.1. B-AMC_G TX > DME_A/SSR_A/UAT_A RX........................................ 7-12
7.8.2. Scenario 3 (cid:150) Conclusion................................................................ 7-13
7.9. Scenario 3a: Airborne B-AMC TX > Ground RXs................................ 7-13
7.9.1. B-AMC_A TX > DME_G/UAT_G RX (3a_1)........................................ 7-14
7.9.2. Scenario 3a_1 (cid:150) Conclusion........................................................... 7-15
7.9.3. B-AMC_A TX > SSR_G RX (3a_2)................................................... 7-16
7.9.4. Scenario 3a_2 (cid:150) Conclusion........................................................... 7-17
7.9.5. B-AMC_A TX > UMTS_M/GSM_M RX (3a_3)..................................... 7-18
7.9.6. Scenario 3a_3 (cid:150) Conclusion........................................................... 7-19
7.9.7. B-AMC_A TX > UMTS_G/GSM_G RX (3a_4)..................................... 7-21
7.9.8. Scenario 3a_4 (cid:150) Conclusion........................................................... 7-23
7.10. Scenario 4: Ground B-AMC TX > Ground RXs................................... 7-24
7.10.1. B-AMC_G TX > DME_G/UAT_G RX (4_1)......................................... 7-25
7.10.2. Scenario 4_1 (cid:150) Conclusion............................................................ 7-26
7.10.3. B-AMC_G TX > UMTS_M/GSM_M RX (4_2)...................................... 7-27
7.10.4. Scenario 4_2 (cid:150) Conclusion............................................................ 7-29
7.10.5. B-AMC_G TX > UMTS_G/GSM_G RX (4_3)....................................... 7-30
7.10.6. Scenario 4_3 (cid:150) Conclusion............................................................ 7-32
7.10.7. B-AMC_G TX > SSR_G RX (4_4).................................................... 7-33
7.10.8. Scenario 4_4 (cid:150) Conclusion............................................................ 7-34
7.11. Conclusions................................................................................. 7-34
8. Airborne Co-site Interference..........................................8-1
8.1. Introduction..................................................................................8-1
8.2. B-AMC RX as Victim Receiver...........................................................8-1
8.2.1. Introduction..................................................................................8-1
8.2.2. DME_A TX ! B-AMC_A RX ..............................................................8-3
8.2.3. MIDS_A TX ! B-AMC_A RX.............................................................8-5
8.2.4. SSR_A TX ! B-AMC_A RX...............................................................8-5
8.2.5. UAT_A TX ! B-AMC_A RX...............................................................8-5
8.3. B-AMC TX as Interfering Transmitter ................................................8-6
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8.3.1. B-AMC_A TX ! DME_A RX ..............................................................8-6
8.3.2. B-AMC_A TX ! UAT_A RX...............................................................8-6
8.3.3. B-AMC_A TX ! SSR_A RX...............................................................8-7
8.3.4. B-AMC TX RL Duty-cycle.................................................................8-7
9. B-AMC RF Issues...........................................................9-1
9.1. B-AMC Receiver RF Front-end..........................................................9-1
9.2. B-AMC Transmitter RF Front-end......................................................9-3
9.3. B-AMC Duplexer............................................................................9-4
10. B-AMC Spectrum Requirements.....................................10-1
10.1. Total Spectrum Requirements (cid:150) A/G Mode....................................... 10-1
10.2. Total Spectrum Requirements (cid:150) A/A Mode....................................... 10-2
11. References.................................................................11-1
12. Abbreviations .............................................................12-1

Illustrations
Figure 3-1: DME pulse envelope.......................................................................3-1
Figure 3-2: Airborne DME Transmitter Spectrum (0.5 MHz Measurement BW).........3-2
Figure 3-3: Ground DME Transmitter Spectrum (0.5 MHz Measurement BW)...........3-3
Figure 3-4: Airborne SSR Transponder Spectral Mask..........................................3-5
Figure 3-5: Ground SSR Interrogator Spectral Mask............................................3-6
Figure 3-6: UMTS Mobile TX Spectral Mask ........................................................3-8
Figure 3-7: UMTS BS Spectrum Emission Mask...................................................3-9
Figure 3-8: GSM900 Mobile TX Spectral Mask................................................... 3-10
Figure 3-9: GSM900 BS TX Spectral Mask........................................................ 3-12
Figure 3-10: JTIDS/MIDS TX Spectral Mask ....................................................... 3-13
Figure 3-11: Measured JTIDS/MIDS TX Spectrum............................................... 3-14
Figure 3-12: UAT TX Spectral Mask................................................................... 3-15
Figure 4-1: Selectivity of DME 442 and KN62A DME Receivers..............................4-1
Figure 4-2: SSR_A RX Selectivity (assumed)......................................................4-3
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Figure 4-3: SSR_G RX Selectivity (assumed)......................................................4-4
Figure 4-4: UMTS_M/UMTS_G RX Selectivity (assumed) ......................................4-5
Figure 4-5: UMTS_M/UMTS_G RX Selectivity (assumed) ......................................4-6
Figure 4-6: GSM_M/GSM_G RX Selectivity (assumed)..........................................4-7
Figure 4-7: GSM_M/GSM_G RX Selectivity (assumed)..........................................4-8
Figure 4-8: UAT_A/UAT_G RX Selectivity......................................................... 4-10
Figure 5-1: Elevation Angles for Airborne (α) and Ground (φ) Antennas..................5-1
Figure 5-2: Vertical Patterns of Airborne DME and MIDS Antennas.........................5-2
Figure 5-3: SSR Radar Ground Antenna Vertical Pattern.......................................5-3
Figure 5-4: DME and TACAN Ground Antenna Vertical Pattern...............................5-4
Figure 5-5: Vertical Patterns of BS UMTS Antennas.............................................5-5
Figure 6-1: Assumed B-AMC RX IF selectivity.....................................................6-2
Figure 6-2: BER vs. Eb/N0 for different channels without DME interference.............6-3
Figure 6-3: MATLAB Simulation Chain ...............................................................6-7
Figure 6-4: DME pulse pair generated in MATLAB................................................6-8
Figure 6-5: Spectrum of one DME interferer at 0.5 MHz offset ..............................6-9
Figure 6-6: Spectrum of one DME interferer at 0.5 MHz offset, 2-times over-sampling6-10
Figure 6-7: Spectrum of four DME interferers with four-times over-sampling and
RC filter...................................................................................... 6-11
Figure 6-8: Spectrum of one DME interferer, first pulse partly cut off................... 6-12
Figure 6-9: Principle of receiver windowing...................................................... 6-12
Figure 6-10: Pulse pair in time domain after RX windowing.................................. 6-13
Figure 6-11: Interference Scenarios with B-AMC RX as Victim .............................. 6-14
Figure 6-12: Spectrum of DME Interference Signal in Scenario 2........................... 6-16
Figure 6-13: Spectrum of DME Interference Signal in Scenario 2, Zoom................. 6-16
Figure 6-14: Spectrum of interference signal in scenario 3 (a).............................. 6-20
Figure 6-15: Spectrum of interference signal in scenario 3 (b).............................. 6-20
Figure 7-1: Side-lobe Suppression, 48 Carriers, 2*2 CC, RC Windowing.................7-3
Figure 7-2: B-AMC TX Spectral Mask.................................................................7-4
Figure 7-3: Frequency Dependent Rejection in Receivers .....................................7-6
Figure 7-4: Interference Scenarios with B-AMC TX as Interferer............................7-8
Figure 7-5: B-AMC_A > DME_A/SSR_A/UAT_A FDR Curves..................................7-9
Figure 7-6: B-AMC_A > DME_A/SSR_A/UAT_A Isolation .................................... 7-10
Figure 7-7: B-AMC_G> DME_A/SSR_A/UAT_A FDR Curves................................. 7-12
Figure 7-8: B-AMC_G > DME_A/SSR_A/UAT_A Isolation.................................... 7-12
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Figure 7-9: B-AMC_A > DME_G/UAT_G FDR Curves.......................................... 7-14
Figure 7-10: B-AMC_A > DME_G/UAT_G Isolation .............................................. 7-14
Figure 7-11: B-AMC_A > SSR_G FDR Curve....................................................... 7-16
Figure 7-12: B-AMC_A > SSR_G Isolation.......................................................... 7-17
Figure 7-13: B-AMC_A > UMTS_M/GSM_M FDR Curves ....................................... 7-18
Figure 7-14: B-AMC_A > UMTS_M/GSM_M Isolation............................................ 7-19
Figure 7-15: B-AMC_A > UMTS_M/GSM_M Isolation (APT)................................... 7-20
Figure 7-16: B-AMC_A > UMTS_G/GSM_G FDR Curves........................................ 7-21
Figure 7-17: B-AMC_A > UMTS_G/GSM_G Isolation............................................ 7-22
Figure 7-18: B-AMC_A > UMTS_G/GSM_G Isolation (APT)................................... 7-23
Figure 7-19: B-AMC_G > DME_G/UAT_G FDR Curves.......................................... 7-25
Figure 7-20: B-AMC_G > DME_G/UAT_G Isolation.............................................. 7-25
Figure 7-21: B-AMC_G > UMTS_M/GSM_M FDR Curves....................................... 7-27
Figure 7-22: B-AMC_G > UMTS_M/GSM_M Isolation........................................... 7-28
Figure 7-23: B-AMC_G > UMTS_M/GSM_M Isolation (cid:150) Close Distance.................... 7-29
Figure 7-24: B-AMC_G > UMTS_G/GSM_G FDR Curves ....................................... 7-30
Figure 7-25: B-AMC_G > UMTS_G/GSM_G Isolation............................................ 7-31
Figure 7-26: B-AMC_G > UMTS_G/GSM_G Isolation (cid:150) Close Spacing..................... 7-32
Figure 7-27: B-AMC_G > SSR_G FDR Curve....................................................... 7-33
Figure 7-28: B-AMC_G > SSR_G Isolation......................................................... 7-34
Figure 8-1: Spectrum of DME Interference Signal in Scenario 1.............................8-4
Figure 8-2: Spectrum of DME Interference Signal in Scenario 1, zoom...................8-4
Figure 9-1: RF Pre-selection Filters...................................................................9-2
Figure 9-2: Phase Noise of L-band Sources........................................................9-3
Figure 9-3: Possible Realisation of a B-AMC Duplexer..........................................9-5

Tables
Table 3-1: Parameters of L-band transmitters...................................................3-1
Table 3-2: UMTS Mobile TX Spectral Mask (P = +24 dBm) ..................................3-7
Table 3-3: UMTS BS Spectral Mask (P = +43 dBm)............................................3-9
Table 3-4: GSM Mobile TX Spectral Mask........................................................ 3-10
Table 3-5: GSM BS TX Spectral Mask............................................................. 3-11
Table 4-1: UMTS900 MS Blocking Performance..................................................4-5
Table 4-2: UMTS900 BS Blocking Performance..................................................4-6
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