B. A. II Public Adm. Sem. III Unit-1.pmd

59 Pages·2015·0.29 MB·English

go{_ñQ>a-3
KQ>H$ : 1
cmoH$àemgZ : ñdê$n, ì`mßVr Am{U _hÎd
cmoH$àemgZ d ImOJr àemgZ
AZwH«$_{UH$m
1.0 C{ÔîQ>ço
1.1 àmñVm{dH$
1.2 {df` {ddMo Z
1.2.1 cmoH$àemgZmMm AW©
1.2.2 cmoH$àemgZmMr ì`m»`m
1.2.3 cmoH$àemgZmMo ñdê$n
1.2.4 cmHo $àemgZmMr ì`már
1.2.5 cmHo $àemgZmM o _hÎd
1.2.6 cmoH$àemgZ Am{U ImOJr àemgZ gmå` Am{U ^oX
1.3 nm[a^m{fH$ eãX, eãXmW©
1.4 ñd`:§ AÜ``Z àíZmM§ r CÎmao
1.5 gmam§e
1.6 gamdmgmR>r ñdmÜ`m`
1.7 A{YH$ dmMZmgmR>r nñw VH$o
1.0 C{ÔîQ>ço
øm KQ>H$mÀ`m Aä`mgmZV§ a Amnë`mcm-
cmHo $àemgZmMm AW,© ñdê$n Am{U ì`mßVr g_OmdZy KVo m `Bo c© .
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cmHo $àemgZmM o _hÎd ñnï> H$aVm `Bo c© .
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cmoH$àemgZmMo Am{U ImOJr àemgZmMo gmå` Am{U ^oX ñnï> H$aVm `oB©c
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1
~r. E. 2 : amÁ`emñÌ - Am`S>rEg : cmoH$àH$meZ/1
1.1 àñVm{dH$
àemgZ hr EH$ gm_m{OH$ JaO Amho. g_mOmVrc {d{dY godm gwairV MmcÊ`mgmR>r g§K{Q>V à`ËZm§Mr
JaO AgVo. `m JaOoVyZM àemgZmMm OÝ_ hmoVmo. cmoH$àemgZ hm àemgZ `m ì`mnH$ joÌmMm EH$ {d^mJ
Amho. cmoH$àemgZ åhUOo emgZmMo àemgZ hmo`. gmd©O{ZH$ YmoaU d Ë`mcm AZwgê$Z AmIcoco doJdoJio
H$m`©H«$_ d Ho$coco H$m`Xo `m§Mr A§_c~OmdUr `m§Mm g_mdoe "cmoH$àemgZ' `m g§H$ënZoV hmoVmo.
AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV cmoH$àemgZ ho AË`§V _hÎdmMo d Amdí`H$ emñÌ åhUyZ AmoiIco OmVo. OJmVrc
gdM© amï>´m_§ Ü` o àemgH$s` ì`dñWm ApñVËdmV AgV.o cmHo $àemgZmZ o {defo V: gK§ {Q>V amÁ`gñ§ WÀo `m N>ÌmImcr
_mZdr OrdZmÀ`m ~hVþ Ho $ AJ§ mZm ñne © H$occo m Amh.o _mZdmÀ`m gm_m{OH$ d d`¡ {ŠVH$ OrdZmer {ZJS>rV Ago
cmHo $àemgZ emñÌ Amh.o B{VhmgmÀ`m {d{dY AdñWm _YZy àJV Pmcco o h o emñÌ Amh.o AmO cmHo $àemgZmMm
à^md OrdZmÀ`m gd©M joÌmV AmT>iVmo. nmiÊ`mnmgyZ Vo ñ_emZ^y_rn`ªV cmoH$àemgZ g§~§YrV Amho.
1.2 {df` {ddoMZ
cmoH$àemgZ ho _hÎdmMo emñÌ AgyZ àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ Vo ê$T> Amho d {Xdg|{Xdg Ë`mV {dH$mg hmoV
Amh.o àñVVw àH$aUm_Ü` o cmHo $àemgZmMm AW,© ñdê$n, ì`mßVr Am{U _hÎd VgMo cmHo $àemgZ Am{U ImOJr
àemgZ `m _Yrc gmå` d ^oX `mMm {dMma H$amd`mMm Amho. gwê$dmVrcm AmnU cmoH$àemgZmMm AW©
{dMmamV KoUma AmhmoV.
1.2.1 cmoH$àemgZmMm AW©
"cmoH$àemgZ' àemgZmÀ`m {dñV¥V joÌmMm EH$ {deof ^mJ _mZcm OmVmo. "cmoH$' `m eãXmMm AW©
"amÁ`mVrc gn§ Uy © OZVm' Agm Amh.o amÁ`mVrc gn§ Uy © OZVeo r g~§ {§YV Agcëo `m gd © {H$«`m åhUO o cmHo $àemgZ
hmo`. Aem {H«$`m \$ŠV emgZ g§ñWoH$Sy>Z hmoV AgVmV. àemgZ hm eãX c°{Q>Z eãX Administrare nmgyZ
~Zcm Amh.o _iy c{°Q>Z eãXmMm AW © gdo m H$aU o qH$dm H$miOr KUo o Agm hmVo m.o àemgZ hr {d{eîQ> hVo y qH$dm
C{Ôï> o gmÜ` H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZ o _mZdr Am{U dñV_y mÌmXr gm_Jw r«Mr H$occo r gK§ Q>Zm hm`o . gK§ Q>Z_o Ü` o gmh{OH$M
gm_y{hH$ dm ghH$mar à`ËZ A§V^y©V hmoVmo. g§KQ>Zo_wioM gm_y{hH$ d ghH$mar à`ËZ àË`j gmH$ma hmoVmV.
àemgZm_Yrc gK§ Q>Z_o Ü` o _mZdr g~§ Y§ mZm _hÎd àmßV hmVo .o cmHo $mÀ§ `m {hVmgmR>r emgZm_m\$©V Á`mdio r H$m`©
H$aÊ`mV `Vo o Ë`m H$m`mc© m cmHo $àemgZ Ag o g~§ mYo c o OmV.o cmHo $àemgZmMm _»w ` hVo y OZH$ë`mU hm AgVm.o
Am{U Ë`mgmR>r cmHo $àemgZ H$m` © H$arV AgV.o cmHo $àemgZmÀ`m H$mhr ì`m»`m nTw >rc à_mU o gmJ§ Vm `Vo rc.
1.2.2 cmoH$àemgZmMr ì`m»`m
1) àmo. Ec. S>r. ìhmB©Q> `m§À`m _Vo ""cmoH$àemgZmV Aem gd© H$m`mªMm g_mdoe hmoVmo H$s Á`mMm
CÔoe gmd©O{ZH$ YmoaUmMr nyV©Vm H$aUo qH$dm gmd©O{ZH$ YmoaU A§_cmV AmUUo ho AgVo.''
2) ào{gS>|Q> dwS´>mo {dcgZ `m§À`m _Vo, ""H$m`ÚmMr Vnercdma d nÜXVeranUo A§_c~OmdUr H$aUo
åhUOo cmoH$àemgZ hmo`. H$m`ÚmÀ`m A§_c~OmdUrgmR>r KS>Umar àË`oH$ {H«$`m åhUOo àemgZ H$m`© hmo`.''
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3) gm`_Z `m§À`m _Vo ""cmoH$àemgZ åhUOo H|$Ð gaH$ma, amÁ` gaH$ma Am{U ñWm{ZH$ gaH$maÀ`m
H$m`©H$mar {d^mJm§H$Sy>Z Ho$co OmUmao H$m`© hmo`.''
4) {\$\$Za `m§À`m _Vo, "" cmoH$àemgZ åhUOo gaH$mar H$m`© H$aUo hmo`. _J Vo H$m`© Amamo½`
à`moJemioVrc EŠg-ao _{eZMo g§MmcZ H$aÊ`mMo Agmo qH$dm Q>mH$gmirV n¡go ~Z{dÊ`mMo Agmo `mcm
cmoH$àemgZ åhUVmV.
5) E\$. E. {ZJ«mo `m§À`m _Vo, ""H$m`Xo_§S>i, H$m`©H$mar _§S>i Am{U Ý`m`_§S>i `m emgZmÀ`m {VÝhr
emIm§H$Sy>Z Ho$co OmUmao H$m`© åhUOo cmoH$àemgZ hmo`.''
Aem àH$mao {d{dY ì`m»`m§dê$Z cmoH$àemgZmMo ñdê$n Am{U H$m`©joÌ cjmV `oVo. ½c°S>Z `m§À`m _Vo,
cmHo $àemgZ J{Verc Agë`m_iw o Ë`mMr {Z{íMV ì`m»`m H$aU o H$R>rU Amh.o cmHo $àemgZmMm AW © gaH$maÀ`m
~XcË`m H$m`mÀ© `m ñdê$nmdê$ZM g_O y eH$Vm.o WmSo >Š`mV Ag o åhUVm `Bo c© H$s, Oìo hm emgZgñ§ Wm Amnë`m
gmdO© {ZH$ Ymao UmMr nVy V© m Am{U H$m`d© mhr H$aV o Vì| hm Á`m {H$«`m à{H$«`m KS>yZ `Vo mV Ë`mZ§ m cmHo $àemgZ Ago
åhUVm `oB©c. gmd©O{ZH$ {hVmÀ`m Ñï>rZo YmoaUmMr {Z{_©Vr Am{U A_c~OmdUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r gaH$macm Or
H$m` } H$amdr cmJVmV Ë`mM§ m g_mdeo H$ocm OmVm.o gK§ Q>Z, ì`dñWmnZ, H$m`n© ÜXVr `mÛma o emgZgñ§ Wm Amnë`m
YmoaUm§Mr nyV©Vm Am{U H$m`©dmhr H$aVo. Voìhm Ë`mg cmoH$àemgZ Ago åhUVmV. emgZg§ñWoH$Sy>Z Ho$ë`m
OmUmè`m {H$«`m, à{H$«`m `mcm cmHo $àemgZ Ag o åhUVm `Bo c© .
ñd`§: AÜ``Z àíZ- 1
nwT>rc àíZm§Mr EH$-XmoZ dmŠ`mV CÎmao {chm.
1) àemgZ hm H$mUo Ë`m c{°Q>Z eãXmnmgZy ~Zcm Amh?o
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2) cmHo $àemgZ åhUO o H$m`?
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1.2.3 cmoH$àemgZmMo ñdê$n
cmoH$àemgZmÀ`m ñdê$nmg§~§Yr àm_w»`mZo XmoZ Ñï>rH$moU {XgyZ `oVmV.
A)Ÿgd©ì`mnr ÑîQ>rH$moU ~) ì`dñWmnZmË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$mUo
A) gd©ì`mnr ÑîQ>rH$moU (The integral View)
O|ìhm EImXo C{Ôï> gmÜ` H$aUè`mgmR>r g§KQ>ZoVrc gd© KQ>H$m§Mm Am{U Ë`m§À`m gd© H$m`mªMm g_mdoe
cmoH$àemgZmÀ`m Aä`mgmV Ho$cm OmVmo V|ìhm Ë`mcm gd©ì`mnr Ñï>rH$moU Ago åhQ>co OmVo. gmd©O{ZH$
_hm_§S>io, emgH$s` ImVr. gmd©O{ZH$ Amamo½`, gmd©O{ZH$ CÚmoJY§Xo, H$maImZo, ~±H$m, g§ñWm, _§S>io Aem
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{d{dY g§KQ>ZmVrc gd© KQ>H$m§Mm Am{U H$_©Mmar dJm©À`m H$m`mªMm g_mdoe àemgZmV Ho$cm OmVmo. Ec. S>r.
ìhmB©Q> Am{U BVa àemgH$s` {dMmad§Vm§Mm Agm Ñ{ï>H$moU Amho H$s, àemgZmV Ho$co OmUmao g§nyU© H$m`©,
emar[aH$, H$maH$wZr, ì`dñWmn{H$`, Vm{§ÌH$ B. O o EH$m {d{eï> hVo Zy o H$aÊ`mV `Vo o Ë`mMm g~§ Y§ cmHo $àemgZmer
AgVmo. cmoH$ àemgZmÀ`m ì`mnH$ ñdê$nmV gd© joÌmVrc H$m`mªMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. CXmhaUmW©, nmoñQ>_ZMo
nÌdmQ>nmMo H$m`©, H$maHw$ZmMo H$m`m©c`rZ H$m`©, g§MmcH$ _§S>i, Amamo½` A{YH$mar, à{gÜXr A{YH$mar,
coIm{YH$mar, coImn[ajU, à{ejU g§ñWm BË`mXr KQ>H$m§Mm gd©ì`mnr Ñï>rH$moUmV g_mdoe Ho$cm OmVmo.
cmoH$àemgZmMo ñdê$n OmUyZ KoVmZm emgZmÀ`m {d{dY àemgH$s` H$m`mªMm Aä`mg H$amdm cmJVmo. CXm.
Am{W©H$ àemgZ, e¡j{UH$ VÎdkmZ, Amamo½` àemgZ, eoVr àemgZ Ago gd©ì`mnr cmoH$àemgZmMo àH$ma
AmT>iyZ `oVmV.
~) ì`dñWmnZmË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$moU (The Managerial View)
ì`dñWmnH$s` Ñ{ï>H$moZmZwgma gmd©O{ZH$ {hV gmYÊ`mgmR>r àemgH$s` dJ© Oo H$m`© H$aV Ë`mcm
cmoH$àemgZmMm ì`dñWmnZmË_H$ Ñï>rH$moU Ago åhQ>co OmVo. àemgH$s` H$m`mªV H$m_mMo {Z`moOZ H$aUo,
Amdí`H$ gK§ Q>Zm {Z_mU© H$aU o Am{U H$m`mM© o g_Ýd` H$ê$Z {ZYm[ªaV C{ÔïmM§ r nVy V© m H$aU o `mgma»`m H$m`mMª m
g_mdoe hmoVmo. ì`dñWmnZmË_H$ Ñï>rH$moUmV \$ŠV ì`dñWmnZmË_H$ H$m`m©Mm g_mdoe Ho$cm OmVmo. ì`dñWmnZ
H$aUo hr EH$ àemgH$r` H$cm Amho. g§KQ>ZoVrc d[að> A{YH$mar Amnë`m àemgH$s` H$m¡eë`mÛmao, j_VoÛmao
ì`dñWmnZmMo H$m`© H$aVmV. d[að> H$m`©H$mar à_wI H${ZîR> H$_©Mmè`m§da {Z`§ÌU R>odyZ _mJ©Xe©Z, n`©dojU
`mÛmao g§KQ>ZoMo C{Ôï> gmÜ` H$aVmV. àñWm{nV n[apñWVrV CncãY _Zwî`~i Am{U gm{hË`mMm `mo½` àH$mao
Cn`mJo H$ê$Z ì`dñWmnH$s` H$me¡ ë`mZ o C{Ôï>mM§ r nVy V© m H$ê$Z KUo o hm`o .
h~©Q>© gm`_Z, pñ_W~J©, Wm°ångZ, ë`wWa ½`w{cH$, Am°S>©do Q>rS,> BË`mXr {dMmad§VmZr cmoH$àemgZmÀ`m
ì`dñWmnZmË_H$ Ñ{ïH$moUmMm nwañH$ma Ho$cm. ì`dñWmnZmË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$moUmV àemgH$s` H$m`m©cm, àemgH$s`
H$me¡ ë`mcm _hÎd {Xc o OmV.o
cmoH$àemgZmMo ñdê$n {dMmamV KoVmZm H$cm, emñÌ Am{U VÎdkmZ `m Ñ{ï>H$moUmVyZhr {dMma Ho$cm
OmVmo.
A) cmoH$àemgZ hr H$cm Amho.
cmHo $àemgZmM o ñdê$n {Z{íMV H$aVmZm cmHo $àemgZ H$cm Amh o H$s emñÌ Amh o hm àíZ CnpñWV H$ocm
OmVm.o gmYmaUV: cmHo $àemgZ hr H$cm VgMo emñÌ Amh o hm Ñ{ï>H$mUo AmO _mÝ` Pmcm Amh.o cmHo $àemgZ hr
H$cm Amh o Ag o g_OUmè`mÀ§ `m _V o àemgZmgmR>r {defo kmZmMr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr. H$maU Vr EH$ H$cm Amh.o
H$mhr ì`ŠVtZm cmHo $àemgZmM o kmZ ZgVmZ§ mhr Ë`mM§ m CëcIo CÎm_ àemgH$ åhUZy H$ocm OmVm.o `mCcQ> H$mhr
ì`ŠVr cmHo $àemgZmMm Aä`mg H$ê$Zhr àË`jmV àemgH$ åhUZy A`eñdr R>aVmV. `mM o _»w ` H$maU åhUOo
cmoH$àemgZ hr H$cm Amho. Vr ì`ŠVrcm OÝ_V:M AdJV Agmdr cmJVo. cmoH$àemgZ hr H$cm Amho Ago
åhUUmao {gÜXm§Vmnojm ì`dhmamda A{YH$ ^a XoVmV.
cmHo $àemgZ hr H$cm åhUZy {dH${gV hmÊo `m_mJ o {d{dY KQ>H$ AgVmV. emñÌr`, Vm{§ÌH$ d ì`mdhm[aH$
kmZmMr dmT>, cmHo $mÀ§ `m _ZmMm H$c, àdÎ¥ mr d gd`r, gm_m{OH$ {eñV, àmH$¥{VH$ d kmZmÀ`m XiU-diUmMr
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n[apñWVr, H$m`ÚmMo g§KQ>Z, gwpñWa emgZ Am{U àemgH$m§Mm H$g `m H$mhr KQ>H$m§Mm CëcoI H$aVm `oB©c.
Mmëg© dW©À`m _Vo, àemgZ hr H$cm Amho. H$maU àemgZmgmR>r H$m`©Hw$ecVm, ZoV¥Îd, CËgmh VgoM loð>
àVrMr dM¡ m[aH$ ÑT>Vm Amdí`H$ AgV.o
cmHo $àemgZ hr H$cm Amh o Ag o åhUUma o Ë`mÀ`m g_WZ© mW © nTw >rc XmZo _Ôw o _mS§ >VmV.
1) cmoH$àemgZmVrc àemgH$s` {gÜXm§V ho Z¡g{J©H$ emñÌmVrc {gÜXm§Vmà_mUo {~ZMyH$, V§VmoV§V
VgMo {Z{íMV ZgVmV. åhUZy cmHo $àemgZ h o emñÌ Zmhr Va Vr EH$ H$cm Amh.o
2) emñÌr` {gÜXmV§ h o à`mJo mÛma o {Z{íMV H$oc o OmVmV. cmHo $àemgZm_Ü` o Ag o à`mJo H$aÊ`mg \$maer
gY§ r ZgV.o VgMo Ë`mMr gË`Vm à`mJo mÛma o nS>VmiZy nmhVm `Vo Zmhr. Ë`m_iw o {gÜXmV§ mMr gË`Vm H$iV Zmhr.
àemgH$s` {gÜXm§V _w»`V: VwcZmË_H$ Aä`mg d {ZarjU `mdaM AmYm[aV AgVmV. cmoH$àemgZmcm
emñÌmMm XOm© XoUo `mo½` Zmhr. åhUyZ cmoH$àemgZ hr EH$ H$cm Amho. {\$\$Za ho àemgH$s` {dMmad§Vhr
cmHo $àemgZ hr EH$ H$cm Amh o Ag o åhUVmV.
2) cmoH$àemgZ ho emñÌ Amho (Public Administration is a science)
emñÌXOm © R>a{dÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZ o {ZîH$fmM© r {Z{íMVVm, Ë`mMr gË`Vm nS>VmiUr, {~ZMHy $ {ZîH$f © h o KQ>H$
_hÎdmMo AmhoV. cmoH$àemgZmcm emñÌXOm© XoÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$mhr àemgH$ Aä`mgH$m§Zr Ho$cm Amho. ào{gS>|Q>
dwS´>mo {dëgZ `m§Zr àemgZ ho emñÌ Amho Ago _V gd©àW_ _m§S>co. àm. {dcmo~r, ë`wWa ½`w{cH$ ho hr
cmoH$àemgZ ho EH$ emñÌ Amho Ago _mÝ` H$aVmV. cmoH$àemgZ ho gm_m{OH$ emñÌ Amho. ì`mnH$ AWm©Zo
{dMma Ho$ë`mg EImÚm {df`mMo {ZarjU Am{U AZw^d `m§À`m AmYmao kmZ àmßV H$aUo, Ë`mMr VH©$ewÜX d
nÜXVera _m§S>Ur H$aUo d Ë`mÀ`m AmYmao {gÜXm§V _m§S>Uo åhUOo emñÌ hmo`.
cmoH$àemgZ ho BVa gm_m{OH$ emñÌmà_mUo EH$ emñÌ Amho. àmo. Mmc©g E. {~AS>© `m§À`m _Vo,
^m¡{VH$emñÌmà_mUoM cmoH$àemgZmVhr emñÌr` g§emoYZmÛmao {Z{íMV Aer J¥hrV VÎdo emoYyZ H$mT>cr AmhoV.
`m_Ü`o J¥hrVÎdm§À`m AmYmao {gÜXm§VmMr nS>VmiUr H$aVm `oVo. AmO EH${dgmì`m eVH$mV BVa gm_m{OH$
emñÌm§à_mUo cmoH$àemgZmV VwcZmË_H$ nÜXVrZo Aä`mg Ho$cm OmV Amho. àemgZmÀ`m joÌmV {ZarjU Am{U
à`mJo mÛma o _mZdr dVZ© mMm _mZgemñÌr` nÜXVrZ o Aä`mg H$aÊ`mV `Do $Z H$mhr {Z{íMV àemgH$s` emñÌeÜw X
{gÜXm§V _m§S>co OmV AmhoV. A_o[aHo$gma»`m àJV XoemV BVa àJVerc amï´>mV ñdV§ÌnUo Aä`mg Ho$cm OmV
Amh.o ^maVmVrc ~hVþ Ho $ {dÚmnrR>mV cmHo $àemgZmÀ`m Aä`mgmgmR>r ñdV̧ {d^mJ gêw $ H$aÊ`mV Amc o AmhVo .
^maVmV cmoH$àemgZ hm {df` gd©àW_ "ZmJnya {dÚmnrR>mV' gwê$ H$aÊ`mV Amcm.
3) cmoH$àemgZ ho EH$ VÎdkmZ Amho.
H$mhr {dMmad§VmÀ`m _Vo cmoH$àemgZ ho VÎdkmZ Amho. AmYw{ZH$ amÁ`m§Zr cmoH$H$ë`mUH$mar amÁ`mMo
Ü``o S>mùo `mg_mao R>do Zy dmQ>Mmc gêw $ H$ocr Amh.o AmY{wZH$ H$mimV àemgH$s` A{YH$mar _mcH$ ZmhrV gdo H$
~Zco AmhoV. VgoM n§Mm`V amÁ` ì`dñWm, ZmJar ñWm{ZH$ ñdamÁ` g§ñWm§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ AZoH$ ì`ŠVr
àemgZmV gh^mJr hmoV AmhoV. cmoH$àemgZmMo joÌ {dñV¥V ~Zco AgyZ àemgZ Am{U _mZd `m§Mm K{ZîR>
g§~§Y àñWm{nV Pmcm Amho. emgZ ì`dñWm hr AmVm VQ>ñW Z amhmVm cmoH$H$ë`mU d godmgw{dYm `m§Mm
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nmR>naw mdm H$aUmar ~Zcr Amh.o AmY{wZH$ H$mimV àemgZmMr ì`mßVr dmT>cco r Amh.o Ë`mM o ñdê$nhr ~Xcco
Amho. VÎdkmZm_wio àemgZ ì`dñWoMr {Xem {Z{íMV hmoVo. cmoH$m§Zr {Z{íMV Ho$coco Ü`o` gmÜ` H$aÊ`mMo
àemgZ ho gmYZ Amho. gmÜ` d gmYZ `m§Mm g_Ýd` gmYUo Ho$di VÎdkmZm§ZoM eŠ` hmoVo. àË`j pñWVr
Am{U {Z`moOrV Ü`o` gmÜ` H$aÊ`mgmR>r `mo½` j_VoÀ`m gmYZm§Mm dmna Oa H$m`©H$mar àemgZmcm H$amd`mMm
Agoc Va Ë`mcm Ë`m àemgZmVrc gd© g§ñWm, g§KQ>Zm Am{U à{H«$`m `m§Zm Mm¡H$Q> XoUmao AmYma^yV VÎdkmZ
_m{hV Agmdo cmJVo. cmoH$àemgZmÀ`m VÎdkmZmMo _hÎd cjmV KoD$Z _me©c B©. {S>_m°H$ åhUVmV H$s,
""àemgZmMr AmOMr ì`már cjmV KoVm cmoH$àemgZmMo VÎdkmZ hoM _mZdr OrdZmMo VÎdkmZ ~Zco Amho.
cmoH$àemgZ H$conojm A{YH$ Zmhr åhUOo VÎdkmZM Amho.'' WmoS>Š`mV, cmoH$àemgZ ho VÎdkmZ Amho hm
Ñ{ï>H$mUo AmO _hÎdnUy © ~Zcm Amh.o
ñd`§: AÜ``Z àíZ- 2
nwT>rc àíZm§Mr WmoS>Š`mV CÎmao {chm.
1) cmHo $àemgZmMm gdì© `mnr Ñ{ï>H$mUo gmJ§ m ?
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2) cmHo $àemgZmMm ì`dñWmnZmË_H$ Ñ{ï>H$mUo gmJ§ m?
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3) cmHo $àemgZ hr EH$ H$cm Amh?o
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4) cmHo $àemgZ h o emñÌ Amh?o
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5) cmHo $àemgZ h o VÎdkmZ Amh?o
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6
1.2.4 cmoH$àemgZmMr ì`mßVr
AmYw{ZH$ g§JUH$ d [dkmZ `wJmV cmoH$àemgZmMo H$m`©joÌ ì`mnH$ ~Zco Amho. emgZmÀ`m {d{dY
{d^mJm§Mo H$m`© cmoH$àemgZmÀ`m H$m`m©V g_m{dï> hmoVo. emgZmMo H$m`© Á`mà_mUmV dmT>V Amho. Ë`m à_mUmV
cmoH$àemgZmMo H$m`©joÌhr dmT>V Amho. cmoH$ àemgZmMr ì`mßVr eVH$mZweVHo$, XeH$mZwXeHo$, dfm©Zwdf}
dmT>V Amho.hr n[apñWVr {dH${gV d {dH$gZerc `m XmoÝhr àH$maÀ`m Xoem§_Ü`o Amho. cmoH$àemgZmÀ`m
ì`márMo _w»` H$maU åhUOo EH${dgmì`m eVH$mVrc cmoH$àemgZmMr H$m`} ì`mnH$ d n[aUm_H$maH$ ~Zcr
AmhVo . cmHo $àemgZmMr ì`már dmT>Ê`mM o Xgw a o H$maU åhUO o cmHo $ g_Xw m`mVrc amOH$s` OmJV¥ r A{YH$ à~i
~Zcr Amh.o cmHo $H$ë`mUH$mar amÁ`mMr gH§ $ënZm {dH$grV Pmë`m_iw o cmHo $àemgZmMr H$m` } dmT>cco r AmhVo .
`m à{H$«`m gm_m{OH$, Am{WH© $ d dk¡ m{ZH$ {dH$mgm_iw o J{V_mZ Pmë`m AmhVo .
cmoH$ àemgZmÀ`m ì`mßVr_Ü`o hoÝar \o$`m°c `m§Zr cmoH$àemgZ ho \$ŠV ì`dñWmnZmMoM H$m`© Amho Ago
_mZyZ Ë`m§Mo EHy$U 5 {d^mJ gm§{JVco AmhoV. Ë`m§À`m _Vo, 1) {Z`moOZ (Planning) 2) g§KQ>Zm
(Organization) 3) Amkm (Command) 4) g_Ýd` (Co- Ordination) Am{U 5) {Z`̧ U (Control)
ho cmoH$àemgZmMo EHy$U nmM {d^mJ AmhoV. `m nmM {d^mJm§Mo {_iyZ cmoH$àemgZ hmoVo.
nr. _°ŠdrZ `m§À`m _Vo cmoH$àemgZmMr ì`mßVr åhUOo ì`ŠVr (Men), gm_wJ«r (Material) d nÜXVr
(Methods) `m VrZ KQ>H$m§Mm Aä`mg hmo`.
{\$\$Za cmoH$àemgZmÀ`m ì`mßVrg§~§YmV doJir ^y{_H$m _m§S>VmV. Ë`m§À`m _Vo cmoH$àemgZmMm g§~§Y
emgZmV "H$m`' (What) Am{U H$go (How) ? `m XmoZ eãXmer g§~§{YV Amho. "H$m`'? `m eãXm_wio
àemgZmMo YmoaU qH$dm joÌ `mg§~§Yr ~moY hmoVmo Va "H$go'? `m eãXm_wio `moOZm qH$dm YmoaU H$m`m©pÝdV
H$aÊ`mMr nÜXVr g_Oy eH$Vo.
ë`wWa ½`w{cH$ `m§Mm (POSDCORB) Ñ{ï>H$moU
ë`wWa ½`w{cH$ `m§Zr POSDCORB `m eãXmdê$Z cmoH$àemgZmMr ì`mßVr ñnï> Ho$cr Amho. ë`wWa
½`cw rH$ `mZ§ r H$m`mË© _H$ KQ>H$ cjmV Kdo Zy Ë`m {d{eï> H$m`mÀ© `m AmÚmjamdê$Z POSDCORB hm eãX V`ma
Ho$cm d Ë`m AmYmao cmoH$àemgZmMr ì`mßVr ñnï> H$ocr. POSDCORB hm eãX nwT>rc à_mUo ñnîQ> Ho$cocm
Amho.
P- Planing- `moOZm qH$dm {Z`moOZ
O- Organization - g§KQ>Zm
S- Staffing- H$_©Mmar dJm©Mr ^aVr, {ZdS> d Zo_UyH$m H$aUo
D- Direction - {ZX}eZ dm _mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo
CO-Co-Ordination - g_Ýd`
R- Reporting - Ahdmc qH$dm _m{hVr nwa{dUo
B- Budgeting - A§XmOnÌH$ V`ma H$aUo.
7
WmoS>Š`mV darc POSDCORB eãXmV g_m{dï> gd© H$m`} cmoH$àemgZmÀ`m joÌmV `oVmV Ago ë`wWa
½`{wcH$ `mM§ o _V Amh.o naV§ w AZHo $ àemgH$s` {dMmadV§ mZ§ m ë`Ww a ½`{wcH$ `mM§ m hm nmño S>H$m~° © Ñ{ï>H$mUo _mÝ`
Zmhr. Ë`m§Zm hm nmoñS>H$m°~© Ñ{ï>H$moU `m§{ÌH$s ñdê$nmMm dmQ>Vmo. `m_Ü`o Ho$di àemgZmgmR>r Amdí`H$
Agcoë`m gmYZm§MmM g_mdoe Ho$cocm AgyZ àemgZmVrc _mZdr g§~§YmH$S>o Xwc©j Ho$coco AmT>iVo.
cmoH$àemgZmMr ì`már ñnï> H$aÊ`mgmR>r "nmoñS>H$m°~©' Ñ{ï>H$moU AnyU© dmQ>Vmo.
cmHo $àemgZmMr {ZpíMV ì`már ñnï> H$aU o H$R>rU Amh.o H$maU cmHo $àemgZ h o J{Verc d {dH$mgdmXr
emñÌ Amho. Am¡Úmo{JH$aU, dmT>Vr cmoH$g§»`m, ZmJ[aH$aU,amÁ`mMo dmT>Vo H$m`©joÌ, Am§Vaamï´>r` g§Kf©,
VmUVUmd, ghH$m`,© gm_m{OH$ n[adVZ© , amOH$s` ~Xc, H$ë`mUH$mar amÁ`mMr H$ënZm d Ë`mÑï>rZ o dmQ>Mmc,
{dH${gV d {dH$gZerc amîQ´> `m§Vrc àemgZ Aem {d{dY Jmoï>t_wio cmoH$àemgZmMm Aä`mg {df` A{YH$
ì`mnH$ Pmcm Amh.o cmHo $àemgZmMr ì`már {Xdg{|Xdg dmT>V OmUmar Amh.o
ñd`§: AÜ``Z àíZ- 3
nwT>rc àíZm§Mr EH$-XmoZ dmŠ`mV CÎmao {chm.
1) hÝo ar \$o`mc° `mZ§ r cmHo $àemgZmM o H$mUo V o nmM {d^mJ gm{§JVc o AmhVo ?
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2) nr. _Š° drZ `mZ§ r cmHo $àemgZmÀ`m Aä`mgmM o H$mUo V o VrZ KQ>H$ gm{§JVc o AmhVo ?
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3) {\$\$ZaÀ`m cmHo $àemgZ ì`márMm Ñ{ï>H$mUo H$mUo Ë`m XmZo eãXme§ r g~§ Y§ rV Amh o ?
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4) ë`Ww a ½`{wcH$ `mZ§ r cmHo $àemgZ ì`mßVrMm H$mUo Vm Ñ{ï>H$mUo _mS§ >cm?
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1.2.5 cmoH$àemgZmMo _hÎd
AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV cmoH$àemgZmMo _hÎd A{YH$ ì`mnH$ Pmcoco Amho. àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ àemgZ hm
{df` _hÎdmMm _mZcm OmVmo. AmO cmoH$àemgZ hm _mZdr OrdZmMm EH$ A{d^mÁ` KQ>H$ ~Zcm Amho.
cmoH$àemgZ ì`ŠVr Am{U g_mOmÀ`m X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmV ñW¡`© {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mMo H$m`© H$arV Amho. H$ë`mUH$mar
amÁ`mÀ`m H$ënZo_wio amÁ`mMo H$m`©joÌ Ho$di A§VJ©V joÌmV em§VVm àñWm{nV H$aUo Am{U OZVoMo naH$s`
8
AmH«$_UmnmgyZ g§ajU H$aUo EdT>oM am{hco ZgyZ OZVoMo OrdZ_mZ C§Mm{dÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$ H$m`} amÁ`mcm
H$amdr cmJVmV. n[aUm_V: cmoH$àemgZmMm g§~§Y _mZdr OrdZmer g§~§{YV Agcoë`m àË`oH$ {H«$`oer `oVmo.
CXmhaUmW©, em§VVm Am{U gwì`dñWm, H¥$fr{dH$mg, {ejU, ì`mnma, XiUdiU, gm_y{hH$ {dH$mg, Amamo½`,
Ý`m`, ñWm{ZH$ àemgZ BË`mXr H$m`} cmoH$àemgZmH$Sy>Z Ho$cr OmVmV. cmoH$àemgZmZo g§nyU© _mZdr OrdZM
ì`mnZy Q>mH$c o Amh.o
AmO EH${dgmì`m eVH$mV cmHo $àemgZmMm {dH$mg OcX JVrZ o hmDo $ cmJcm Amh.o Am{e`m, Am{\$«H$m
I§S>m§Vrc Zdmo{XV {dH$gZerc amï´>m§V àemgZemñÌmMo _hÎd dmT>V Amho. cmoH$àemgZmMo _hÎd dmT>Ê`mMo
AmUIr EH$ H$maU åhUO o cmHo $emhrV gaH$ma gVV ~XcV AgV.o gaH$ma ~Xcc o Var àemgZ H$m`_ñdê$nr
AgVo. OoWo ~hþnj nÜXVr ApñVËdmV Amho Aem ^maV d \«$mÝggma»`m XoemV gaH$ma dma§dma ~XcV AgVo.
Aem ApñWa n[apñWVr_Ü` o g_mOmcm ñWm{`Ëd àXmZ H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar àemgZmda AgV.o cmHo $àemgZ d
àemgH$s` `§ÌUm amÁ`mV amÁ`H«$m§VrZ§Vahr H$m`_ amhVo. H$moUVohr emgZ Agmo, H$em àH$maMohr g§{dYmZ
Agmo, àemgH$s` `§ÌUm _mÌ àË`oH$ amÁ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ d A{Zdm`© AgVo. cmoH$àemgZ d àemgH$s`
`§ÌUm amÁ`mV amÁ` H«$m§VrZ§Vahr H$m`_ amhVo. CXm. \«|$M d a{e`Z amÁ`H«$m§VrZ§Vahr VoWo nydr©MrM àemgH$s`
`§ÌUm H$m`_ hmoVr. ^maVmcm ñdmV§Í` {_imë`mZ§Vahr {~«Q>rem§Zr {Z_m©U Ho$cocr àemgH$s` ì`dñWmM H$m`_
am{hcocr {XgVo.
AmY{wZH$ g_mO ì`mnH$ ñdê$nmMm VgMo A{YH$ O{Q>c d JV§w mJVw rMm ~Zcco m Amh.o cmHo $àemgZmÀ`m
H$m`j© _Vdo a d `eñdrÎmdo a g_mOmM o gIw d g_Ü¥ Xr Adc~§ Zy AgV.o {d»`mV A_[oaH$Z amÁ`emñÌk Mmcg©
{~AS>© åhUVmo H$s, ""cmoH$àemgZmnojm A{YH$ _hÎdmMm H$moUVmhr Xwgam {df` Zgoc. AmYw{ZH$ g_mOmVrc
H$m`} nma nmS>Ê`mgmR>r H$m`©j_ àemgZmda ^mdr g§ñH¥$VrMo d gwYm[aV emgZ ì`dñWoMo ^{dVì` Adc§~yZ
AgV.o hmdS© > © {dÚmnrR>mVrc àmÜ`mnH$ dmcgo ~r. S>mZ° h_° åhUVmV H$s, ""Amncr gñ§ H$¥Vr Oa A`eñdr R>acr
Va Ë`mMo _w»` H$maU àemgZmMo An`e ho hmo`.''
AmYw{ZH$ amÁ`mV nmiÊ`mnmgyZ Vo ñ_emZ^y_rn`ªV àË`oH$ ~m~VrV ì`ŠVrMm cmoH$àemgZmer OdiMm
g~§ Y§ Amh.o qH$~hZþ m OÝ_mndy u XIo rc cmHo $àemgZ ì`ŠVrMr H$miOr KDo $ cmJV o d _Ë¥ `Zy V§ ahr {VM o ì`dhma
nmhV AgV.o H$maU H$wQ>y~§ {Z`mOo Z, J{^U© rM o Amam½o`, OÝ__Ë¥ `My r ZmX| , nmiUmKa, {eeHw $«sS>m_{§Xa,o dg{VJh¥ ,o
^moOZmc`o, emim, _hm{dÚmc`o, {dÚmnrR>o, XdmImZo, H$maImZo dmhVyH$ ì`dñWm, ~±H$m, Am¡Úmo{JH$ _§S>io
BË`mXr gd © jÌo mV cmHo $àemgZm{edm` H$mhrM MmcV Zmhr.
AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV amÁ`mÀ`m H$m`m©V àM§S> dmT> Pmcr Amho. hr H$m`} nma nmS>Ê`mMr O~m~Xmar
cmoH$àemgZmMr Amho. cmoH$àemgZ emgZmcm {ñWaVm àXmZ H$aVo. amÁ`mMr YmoaUo d H$m`©H«$_ A§_cmV
AmUÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar cmoH$àemgZmMr Amho. g_mOmV Am¡Úmo{JH$aU, ZmJarH$aU BË`mXr H$maUm_wio {d{dY
g_ñ`m {Z_m©U Pmë`m AmhoV. Ë`mMà_mUo àmXo{eH$dmX, Ym{_©H$dmX, OmVr`dmX, ^m{fH$dmX, XheVdmX
BË`mXr_wio g_mOmVrc _Zo Xw^§Jcocr AmhoV. Aemdoir g_mOmV EH$mË_Vm ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r cmoH$àemgZ
_hÎdmMr ^y{_H$m ~OmdVo. OZVoÀ`m BÀN>m AmH$m§jm nyU© H$aÊ`mgmR>r àemgH$s` ì`dñWm H$m_H$mO nmhVo.
AmO àË`Ho $ Xeo mM o amOH$s` OrdZ cmHo $àemgZmÀ`m AmYma o pñWa Pmcco o Amh.o
9
WmoS>Š`mV AmOÀ`m g_mOmV cmoH$àemgZmMo _hÎd AZÝ` gmYmaU Amho. cmoH$àemgZmÀ`m
A{ñVËdm{edm` g§ñH¥$Vr, ZrVr_yë`o, EdT>oM Zìho Va g_mO Am{U amÁ` `mMrhr H$ënZm H$aVm `oV Zmhr.
gwg§ñH¥$V g_mOmMr emñÌr` Jwê${H$ëcr åhUOo cmoH$àemgZ hmo`.
ñd`§: AÜ``Z àíZ- 4
nwT>rc àíZm§Mr EH$-XmoZ dmŠ`mV CÎmao {chm.
1) H$ë`mUH$mar amÁ`mMr H$m` } gmJ§ m?
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2) cmHo $àemgZmM o _hÎd dmTÊ`mMr H$maU o gmJ§ m?
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3) Xeo mV {d{dY g_ñ`m H$mUo Ë`m AmhVo ?
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1.2.6 cmoH$àemgZ d ImOJr àemgZ- gmå` Am{U ^oX
àemgZ XmoZ àH$maMo AgVo. EH$ cmoH$àemgZ Am{U Xwgao ImOJr àemgZ hmo`. H$mhr àemgH$s`
{dMmadV§ mÀ`m _V o gd © àH$maM o àemgZ h o EH$gmaIMo AgV.o Ë`m_iw o cmHo $àemgZ Am{U ImOJ àemgZ Agm
^oX H$aUo `mo½` Zmhr. hoÝar \o$`m°c, E_. nr. \$m°coQ> Am{U Ec. Aa{dH$ BË`mXr àemgH$s` {dMmad§VmZr
cmoH$àemgZ Am{U ImOJr àemgZ `mV ^oX Zmhr, Ago _V _m§S>co Amho. H$maU gd© àH$maÀ`m n«emgZmV
_yc^yV d¡{eîQ>ço Am{U VÎdo g_mZ AgVmV.
gd©gmYmaUnUo AmnU emgZmH$Sy>Z hmoUmè`m H$m`m©Mm g_mdoe cmoH$àemgZmV H$aVmo. Am{U Or H$m`}
emgZg§ñWoÛmao H$aVm `oV ZmhrV na§Vw H$mhr ImOJr g§ñWmÛmao H$aÊ`mV `oVmV Ë`m§Mm g_mdoe AmnU ImOJr
qH$dm ì`{ŠVJV (Private) àemgZmV H$aVmo. ImOJr àemgZ d cmoH$àemgZmV H$mhr ì`dñWmnZ VÎdo
_ycV:M g_mZ AgVmV. `m XmoÝhr àemgZmMr H$m`©nÜXVr nañnam§da n[aUm_ H$arV AgVo. àemgZmcm
Amdí`H$ AgUmao V§Ìo ( Techniques) d H$m¡eë` (Skills) XmoÝhr àH$mam_Ü`o g_mZ AgVmV `m XmoÝhrVrc
àemgZ nÜXVr, g_ñ`m Odi Odi gma»`mM AmhoV.
10