Table Of Content

Forty Hadith An Exposition on 40 ahadith narrated through the Prophet [s] and his Ahl al-Bayt [a] by Imam Ruhullah al-Musawi al-Khumayni Translated by: Mahliqa Qara'i (late) and Ali Quli Qara'i Published by: Al-Tawhid P.O Box 37165-111, Qum The Islamic Republic of Iran The original work in Persian, recently published under the title "Arba`in, ya chihil hadith" was written by Imam al- Khumayni forty-six years ago and was completed in the month of Muharram 1358 (April-May, 1939). The manuscript of this work, together with that of two other unpublished works of the author, Sharh Du'ae sahar andAdab al-salat, were recovered from the library of the late Ayatullah Akhund al-Hamadani. All the three works have now been published. Contents First Hadith: On the Tradition of the Forty Ahadith ............................................................................ 11 PURPOSE OF WRITING THE BOOK: ............................................................................................ 12 Verbal Translation: .............................................................................................................................. 12 Exposition: ............................................................................................................................................. 12 First Grade: ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Contemplation The First Step: ............................................................................................................ 14 Will and Resolution: ............................................................................................................................. 15 Effort and Struggle (Spiritual): ........................................................................................................... 16 Self-Examination and Stipulation (musharatah): ............................................................................... 16 Guarding Against Evil (muraqabah): .................................................................................................. 16 Remembrance (tadhakkur): .................................................................................................................. 17 The Second Stage: ................................................................................................................................. 19 Hidden or Inner Powers (Quwwa-e batini): ........................................................................................ 21 How to Regulate Human Instincts: ..................................................................................................... 22 How to Bridle Fancy and Imagination: ............................................................................................... 23 Estimation and appraisal: .................................................................................................................... 24 How to Cure Moral Maladies: ............................................................................................................. 30 Conclusion: ............................................................................................................................................ 32 The Second Hadith: On Riya' .................................................................................................................. 33 Riya' in Faith or Creed: ........................................................................................................................ 34 The Difference Between Knowledge and Belief: ................................................................................ 35 Dangerous Effects of Riya': .................................................................................................................. 36 An Advice for Getting Rid of the Curse of Riya': .............................................................................. 37 Sincerity in Action. ................................................................................................................................ 40 The Second Stage of Riya': ................................................................................................................... 42 The Value of Human Existence as a Trustee of Divine Honour: ...................................................... 44 Riya' in Worship: .................................................................................................................................. 45 How to Combat Riya'? .......................................................................................................................... 46 Riya' in Congregational Prayers:......................................................................................................... 47 How Does Riya' Infiltrate the Ranks of the Congregation? .............................................................. 48 An Invitation to Sincerity: .................................................................................................................... 49 A Tradition of Imam `Ali (A): ............................................................................................................. 53 Variation in Grades and Degrees of Qualities among Different Individuals: ................................. 54 What is Sum'ah ? .................................................................................................................................. 56 Third Hadith: On `Ujb ............................................................................................................................. 57 What is `Ujb? ......................................................................................................................................... 57 The `Ujb of the Faithful: ....................................................................................................................... 58 The `Ujb of the Faithless: ..................................................................................................................... 60 Snares and Wiles of the Devil: ............................................................................................................. 62 The Evil Effects of 'Ujb: ....................................................................................................................... 63 Contempt of Others: ............................................................................................................................. 65 Temptation to Riya': ............................................................................................................................. 65 The Factor of Pride: .............................................................................................................................. 65 Self-Love as the Source of `Ujb: ........................................................................................................... 67 Fourth Hadith: On Kibr ........................................................................................................................... 73 What is Kibr? ......................................................................................................................................... 73 The Kinds and Degrees of Kibr: ........................................................................................................... 74 The Causes of Kibr: ............................................................................................................................... 76 Spiritual and Social Harms of Pride: .................................................................................................. 79 Other Causes of Pride: ......................................................................................................................... 84 How to Cure Pride? .............................................................................................................................. 87 The Punishment in the Hereafter: ....................................................................................................... 89 Humility and Modesty of the Prophet (S): .......................................................................................... 90 To Cure Pride, One Should Act Against Its Dictates: ....................................................................... 91 A Reminiscence of a Teacher: .............................................................................................................. 91 Yaqzah (Awakening) is the First Step: ................................................................................................ 92 The Vicious Subtleties of the Self: ....................................................................................................... 94 Fifth Hadith: On Hasad ............................................................................................................................ 96 Definition of Hasad: .............................................................................................................................. 96 The Kinds of Hasad: ............................................................................................................................. 97 The Causes and Motives of Hasad: ...................................................................................................... 97 Some Evil Effects of Envy: ................................................................................................................... 98 The Punishment of the Grave: ........................................................................................................... 100 The Source of Moral Corruption: ..................................................................................................... 103 The Practical Remedy for Envy: ....................................................................................................... 104 The Tradition Regarding Remission of Envy: ................................................................................. 105 Sixth Hadith: Love of the World ........................................................................................................... 107 Exposition of the Tradition: ............................................................................................................... 107 Mawlana Majlisi on the Reality of the World: ................................................................................. 107 The Author's View: ............................................................................................................................. 108 The Factors that Promote Worldliness: ............................................................................................ 110 Seventh Hadith: On Anger (Ghadab) ................................................................................................... 119 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 119 Advantages of al-Quwwah al-Ghadabiyyah (The Power of Anger): ............................................... 119 The Vice of Immoderation in Anger: ................................................................................................ 121 Moral Hazards of Anger: ................................................................................................................... 124 Its Behavioural Hazards: ................................................................................................................... 124 Controlling Anger: .............................................................................................................................. 125 How to Eradicate the Roots of Anger: .............................................................................................. 127 Eighth Hadith: On `Asabiyyah .............................................................................................................. 130 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 130 The Evils of `asabiyyah: ...................................................................................................................... 131 A Prophetic Tradition: ....................................................................................................................... 133 The Otherworldly Form of `asabiyyah: ............................................................................................. 133 A Colloquy With the Self: .................................................................................................................. 135 On the `asabiyyahs of the Intellectuals: ............................................................................................. 136 Ninth Hadith: On Hypocrisy (Nifaq) .................................................................................................... 138 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 138 Degrees of Nifaq: ................................................................................................................................. 138 Effects of Nifaq: ................................................................................................................................... 140 Cure of the Disease of Nifaq: .............................................................................................................. 141 Some Forms of Nifaq: ......................................................................................................................... 142 Tenth Hadith: On Desire and Hope ...................................................................................................... 148 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 148 1. On the Evil of Following One's Desires: ....................................................................................... 148 (b) The Qur'an and Hadith on the Evil of Submission to Desire: ................................................... 150 (c) On Numerousness of Desires: ....................................................................................................... 154 2. On the Evil of Endless Hopes: ........................................................................................................ 155 (a) On the Endlessness of Hopes: ....................................................................................................... 155 (b) Provisions for the Long Journey Ahead: .................................................................................... 155 Eleventh Hadith: Man's God-seeking Nature ...................................................................................... 159 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 159 1. The Meaning of Fitrah: .................................................................................................................. 160 The Laws of Human Nature: ............................................................................................................. 160 The Innateness of Religious Truths:.................................................................................................. 161 1. Man's Love of Perfection: .............................................................................................................. 162 2. The Innateness of Divine Attributes: ............................................................................................ 165 3. Innateness of-the Belief in Resurrection: ...................................................................................... 166 Twelfth Hadith: on Contemplation (Tafakkur) ................................................................................... 168 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 168 What is Heart? .................................................................................................................................... 169 The Merits of Contemplation: ........................................................................................................... 169 The Desirable and the Forbidden Contemplation on the Divine Essence: .................................... 171 Contemplation on Creation: .............................................................................................................. 175 The Earth and the Sun: Two Masterpieces of Creation .................................................................. 176 Contemplation on the States of the Soul: .......................................................................................... 178 A Conclusive Proof: ............................................................................................................................ 180 Twelfth Hadith (Contd. From the Part 12) ........................................................................................... 182 The Virtues of the Midnight Prayer:................................................................................................. 182 What is Taqwa? ................................................................................................................................... 186 Taqwa for the Common People: ......................................................................................................... 188 Thirteenth Hadith: On Tawakkul ......................................................................................................... 192 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 192 Tawakkul and its Degrees: .................................................................................................................. 193 The Difference Between Tawakkul and Rida: ................................................................................... 196 Tafwid, Tawakkul and Thiqah: ......................................................................................................... 196 Fourteenth Hadith: On the Fear of God ............................................................................................... 199 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 199 Between Hope and Fear: .................................................................................................................... 200 The Stages and Degrees of Fear: ....................................................................................................... 202 Hope and Prayer: ................................................................................................................................ 204 Contemplation, Fear and Hope: ........................................................................................................ 205 The Difference Between Hope and Delusion: ................................................................................... 206 The Opinion of Al-Majlisi: .................................................................................................................. 210 Fifteenth Hadith: On the Believer's Trials and Tribulations .............................................................. 211 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 211 The Meaning of Trial: ........................................................................................................................ 212 The Prophets and Divine Trial: ......................................................................................................... 215 God's Remembrance: ......................................................................................................................... 217 The Prophets' Suffering: .................................................................................................................... 219 The World is Not a Place of Reward or Punishment:...................................................................... 222 Sixteenth Hadith: On Sabr ..................................................................................................................... 225 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 225 Sabr, the Outcome of Freedom from Lust: ....................................................................................... 232 The Results of Sabr: ............................................................................................................................ 234 The Degrees and Levels of Sabr: ........................................................................................................ 237 The `Urafa's Degrees of Sabr: ............................................................................................................ 239 Seventeenth Hadith: On Tawbah .......................................................................................................... 242 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 242 Tawbah and Postponement: ............................................................................................................... 243 An Important Point: ........................................................................................................................... 244 The Essentials of Tawbah: .................................................................................................................. 245 The conditions of Tawbah: ................................................................................................................. 247 The Result of Istighfar: ....................................................................................................................... 251 On the Interpretation of Tawbah Nasuh: .......................................................................................... 252 All Beings are Endowed with Life and Knowledge: ........................................................................ 253 Eighteenth Hadith: On Remembrance of God ..................................................................................... 255 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 255 The Difference between Tafakkur and Tadhakkur: ......................................................................... 259 The Complete Dhikr: .......................................................................................................................... 260 Some Traditions Concerning Dhikr: ................................................................................................. 262 Nineteenth Hadith: On Ghibah ............................................................................................................. 265 Exposition ............................................................................................................................................ 265 The Definition of Ghibah: ................................................................................................................... 267 The Social Harms of Ghibah: ............................................................................................................. 276 On the Cure of this Malady: .............................................................................................................. 279 The Priority of Abstinence from Permissible Ghibah: .................................................................... 281 On the Prohibition on Listening to Ghibah: ..................................................................................... 282 Conclusion: al-Shahid al-Thani's Discourse: .................................................................................... 285 Twentieth Hadith: On Ikhlas ................................................................................................................. 288 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 288 The Meaning of `Test' in Relation to God: ....................................................................................... 289 Fear, Sincere Intention and Rightness of Action: ............................................................................ 291 The Definition of Ikhlas: ..................................................................................................................... 295 Ikhlas is Subsequent to Action: .......................................................................................................... 297 Twenty First Hadith: On Shukr ............................................................................................................ 302 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 302 A Mystical Interpretation: ................................................................................................................. 308 Ignorance and Ingratitude: ................................................................................................................ 313 The Different Levels of Shukr: ........................................................................................................... 314 The Station of Shukr in Hadith: ........................................................................................................ 315 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 318 Twenty Second Hadith: On the Aversion for Death ............................................................................ 322 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 323 The Reality of Heaven and Hell: ........................................................................................................ 326 Twenty Third Hadith: Of the Seekers of Knowledge .......................................................................... 330 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 331 Section 1: .............................................................................................................................................. 334 Section II: ............................................................................................................................................. 338 Section III: ........................................................................................................................................... 341 Section IV: ........................................................................................................................................... 344 Twenty Fourth Hadith: On the Classification of Sciences .................................................................. 346 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 346 Section I: .............................................................................................................................................. 347 Section II: ............................................................................................................................................. 351 Section III: ........................................................................................................................................... 353 Section IV: ........................................................................................................................................... 356 Section V: ............................................................................................................................................. 357 Twenty Fifth Hadith: On Waswas ......................................................................................................... 359 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 359 2. A Simpler Explanation of the Character of Waswas: .................................................................. 361 3. The Remedy for Waswas: ............................................................................................................... 366 Twenty Sixth Hadith: On the Pursuit of Knowledge ........................................................................... 369 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 369 1. Section: Concerning the Path of Knowledge and the Way to Paradise: .................................... 370 An Important Point: ........................................................................................................................... 371 2. Section: Concerning the Angels' Spreading their Wings for the Seekers of Knowledge: ........ 372 4. Section: The `Alim's Superiority over the `Abid: ......................................................................... 377 5. Section: On the `Ulama' Being the Heirs of the Prophets: .......................................................... 381 Twenty Seventh Hadith: Prayer and Concentration ........................................................................... 382 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 382 1. The Significance of Prayer: ............................................................................................................ 383 2. The Various Levels of Concentration: .......................................................................................... 390 Attention to Worship: ......................................................................................................................... 391 Attention to the Worshipped One: .................................................................................................... 392 3. The Incarnation of Works in the Hereafter: ................................................................................ 395 4. Worship and Freedom from Need: ................................................................................................ 404 A Last Point: ........................................................................................................................................ 407 Twenty Eighth Hadith: On Liqa' Allah ................................................................................................ 408 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 408 1. Liqa' Allah and Its Character: ....................................................................................................... 410 2. Death-The Moment of Truth: ........................................................................................................ 416 3. The Significance of `Love' and `Hate' when Ascribed to God: ................................................... 423 Twenty Ninth Hadith: The Prophet's Counsel to 'Ali ......................................................................... 425 1. The Evils of Lying: .......................................................................................................................... 428 2. The Meaning of Wara` and Its Levels: .......................................................................................... 432 Complement: The Evils of Treachery and the Meaning of Trustworthiness: ............................... 434 Concerning Some Divine Trusts: ....................................................................................................... 439 3. On the Fear of God Almighty: ....................................................................................................... 441 The Disparity of People in Observing the Divine Presence: ........................................................... 443 On the Virtues of Lamentation: ......................................................................................................... 444 Concerning Doubts Regarding Disproportionate Award: .............................................................. 445 Twenty Ninth Hadith: The Prophet's Counsel to `Ali (Contd.) .......................................................... 448 On Raising the Hands in Prayer and Turning Them: ..................................................................... 448 The Secret Behind the Raising of the Hands: ................................................................................... 449 A Warning Concerning one of the Satanic Ruses: ........................................................................... 451 On the Merit of Brushing the Teeth: ................................................................................................. 452 Thirtieth Hadith: The Indescribability of God, the Prophet, and the Imams ................................... 460 Section: On the Indescribability of God: .......................................................................................... 462 Section: On the Waiting of `the Seven Hijabs' Mentioned in Relation to the Prophet: ............... 468 Concerning a Brief Allusion to the Meaning of Tafwid: .................................................................. 473 Section: Concerning the Station of the Imams, may peace be upon Them: .................................. 474 On the Reality of 'Ismah: ................................................................................................................... 476 Concerning the Indescribability of Faith: ........................................................................................ 478 Thirty First Hadith: The Kinds of Hearts ............................................................................................ 480 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 480 Preface: On Reforming the Heart: .................................................................................................... 481 Section: The Basis for the Classification of the Hearts: .................................................................. 482 The Reason why the Kinds of Hearts are Confined to the Four: ................................................... 484 Section: Concerning the States of the Hearts: .................................................................................. 484 Concerning the Luminosity of the Believer's Heart: ....................................................................... 485 Concerning Some Stratagems of Satan: ............................................................................................ 487 Complimentary Note: The Hypocrite's Heart and the Difference Between it and the Believer's Heart: ................................................................................................................................................... 490 Conclusion: Neglect of the Truth Results in the Inversion of the Heart: ....................................... 491 Thirty Second Hadith: On Conviction in Faith .................................................................................... 493 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 493 Reconciling Traditions Concerning Livelihood being Apportioned and Traditions Exhorting Effort: ................................................................................................................................................... 495 Section: On the Signs or Soundness or Conviction: ......................................................................... 496 The Twofold Classes of the People: ................................................................................................... 497 Section: The Views of the Mu'tazilah and the Asha`irah and the Correct Position: ..................... 498 Section: ................................................................................................................................................. 499 Thirty Third Hadith Wilayah and Works ............................................................................................ 501 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 501 Section: On Explanation of Absence of Contradiction between Traditions that Exhort one to Perform ................................................................................................................................................ 502 `Ibadah and Abstain from Sins and other Traditions which Apparently Conflict with Them: ... 502 Section: Wilayah of the Ahl al-Bayt, the Condition for Acceptability of Works: .......................... 513 Thirty Fourth Hadith: The Station of the Faithful Before God ......................................................... 516 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 517 A Noteworthy Point: ........................................................................................................................... 520 Section: Concerning Interpretation of the 'Hesitation' Ascribed to God: ..................................... 520 An `Irfani Explanation: ...................................................................................................................... 521 A Complementary Note on Another interpretation of the Tradition of Hesitation: .................... 524 Section: Concerning God's Reforming of the State of the Faithful through Poverty and Wealth: .............................................................................................................................................................. 525 Section: Concerning the Nearness relating to Obligatory and Supererogatory Acts and their Result, in accordance with the Approach of the Wayfarers: .......................................................... 526 The Secret of the Variance Among the Prophets in Respect of Prophethood: .............................. 530 Section: A Citation from the Most August Shaykh Baha'i: ............................................................ 531 Section: A Citation from Khwajah Tusi: .......................................................................................... 532 Concluding Note: ................................................................................................................................ 532 Thirty Fifth Hadith: Of God and Man, Good and Evil ....................................................................... 534 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 534 Section: Two Stations of Divine Names: ........................................................................................... 535 Section: An Allusion to the Topic of Jabr and Tafwid: .................................................................... 537 Section: Concerning that God, the Exalted, is not Answerable Concerning what He does and other Existents are Answerable: ........................................................................................................ 540 Thirty Sixth Hadith: On the Attributes of God ................................................................................... 542 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 542 Section: Concerning the Identity of God's Attributes with His Essence: ...................................... 543 The Statements of the Philosophers on the Division of Divine Attributes: .................................... 545 On the Identity of the Attributes with the Sacred Essence: ............................................................ 546 Section: On the Priority of Knowledge to Creation: ........................................................................ 547 Section: On the Meaning of Hearing and Sight in Relation to God: .............................................. 550 Section: Character of the Relation of God's Knowledge to the Knowables: ................................. 552 Section: The Criterion Relating to Positive and Negative Attributes: ........................................... 554

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Forty Hadith. An Exposition on 40 ahadith narrated Contents. First Hadith: On the Tradition of the Forty Ahadith . Effort and Struggle (Spiritual): .
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Forty Hadith An Exposition on 40 ahadith narrated through the Prophet [s] and his Ahl al-Bayt [a] by Imam Ruhullah al-Musawi al-Khumayni Translated by: Mahliqa Qara'i (late) and Ali Quli Qara'i Published by: Al-Tawhid P.O Box 37165-111, Qum The Islamic Republic of Iran The original work in Persian, recently published under the title "Arba`in, ya chihil hadith" was written by Imam al- Khumayni forty-six years ago and was completed in the month of Muharram 1358 (April-May, 1939). The manuscript of this work, together with that of two other unpublished works of the author, Sharh Du'ae sahar andAdab al-salat, were recovered from the library of the late Ayatullah Akhund al-Hamadani. All the three works have now been published. Contents First Hadith: On the Tradition of the Forty Ahadith ............................................................................ 11 PURPOSE OF WRITING THE BOOK: ............................................................................................ 12 Verbal Translation: .............................................................................................................................. 12 Exposition: ............................................................................................................................................. 12 First Grade: ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Contemplation The First Step: ............................................................................................................ 14 Will and Resolution: ............................................................................................................................. 15 Effort and Struggle (Spiritual): ........................................................................................................... 16 Self-Examination and Stipulation (musharatah): ............................................................................... 16 Guarding Against Evil (muraqabah): .................................................................................................. 16 Remembrance (tadhakkur): .................................................................................................................. 17 The Second Stage: ................................................................................................................................. 19 Hidden or Inner Powers (Quwwa-e batini): ........................................................................................ 21 How to Regulate Human Instincts: ..................................................................................................... 22 How to Bridle Fancy and Imagination: ............................................................................................... 23 Estimation and appraisal: .................................................................................................................... 24 How to Cure Moral Maladies: ............................................................................................................. 30 Conclusion: ............................................................................................................................................ 32 The Second Hadith: On Riya' .................................................................................................................. 33 Riya' in Faith or Creed: ........................................................................................................................ 34 The Difference Between Knowledge and Belief: ................................................................................ 35 Dangerous Effects of Riya': .................................................................................................................. 36 An Advice for Getting Rid of the Curse of Riya': .............................................................................. 37 Sincerity in Action. ................................................................................................................................ 40 The Second Stage of Riya': ................................................................................................................... 42 The Value of Human Existence as a Trustee of Divine Honour: ...................................................... 44 Riya' in Worship: .................................................................................................................................. 45 How to Combat Riya'? .......................................................................................................................... 46 Riya' in Congregational Prayers:......................................................................................................... 47 How Does Riya' Infiltrate the Ranks of the Congregation? .............................................................. 48 An Invitation to Sincerity: .................................................................................................................... 49 A Tradition of Imam `Ali (A): ............................................................................................................. 53 Variation in Grades and Degrees of Qualities among Different Individuals: ................................. 54 What is Sum'ah ? .................................................................................................................................. 56 Third Hadith: On `Ujb ............................................................................................................................. 57 What is `Ujb? ......................................................................................................................................... 57 The `Ujb of the Faithful: ....................................................................................................................... 58 The `Ujb of the Faithless: ..................................................................................................................... 60 Snares and Wiles of the Devil: ............................................................................................................. 62 The Evil Effects of 'Ujb: ....................................................................................................................... 63 Contempt of Others: ............................................................................................................................. 65 Temptation to Riya': ............................................................................................................................. 65 The Factor of Pride: .............................................................................................................................. 65 Self-Love as the Source of `Ujb: ........................................................................................................... 67 Fourth Hadith: On Kibr ........................................................................................................................... 73 What is Kibr? ......................................................................................................................................... 73 The Kinds and Degrees of Kibr: ........................................................................................................... 74 The Causes of Kibr: ............................................................................................................................... 76 Spiritual and Social Harms of Pride: .................................................................................................. 79 Other Causes of Pride: ......................................................................................................................... 84 How to Cure Pride? .............................................................................................................................. 87 The Punishment in the Hereafter: ....................................................................................................... 89 Humility and Modesty of the Prophet (S): .......................................................................................... 90 To Cure Pride, One Should Act Against Its Dictates: ....................................................................... 91 A Reminiscence of a Teacher: .............................................................................................................. 91 Yaqzah (Awakening) is the First Step: ................................................................................................ 92 The Vicious Subtleties of the Self: ....................................................................................................... 94 Fifth Hadith: On Hasad ............................................................................................................................ 96 Definition of Hasad: .............................................................................................................................. 96 The Kinds of Hasad: ............................................................................................................................. 97 The Causes and Motives of Hasad: ...................................................................................................... 97 Some Evil Effects of Envy: ................................................................................................................... 98 The Punishment of the Grave: ........................................................................................................... 100 The Source of Moral Corruption: ..................................................................................................... 103 The Practical Remedy for Envy: ....................................................................................................... 104 The Tradition Regarding Remission of Envy: ................................................................................. 105 Sixth Hadith: Love of the World ........................................................................................................... 107 Exposition of the Tradition: ............................................................................................................... 107 Mawlana Majlisi on the Reality of the World: ................................................................................. 107 The Author's View: ............................................................................................................................. 108 The Factors that Promote Worldliness: ............................................................................................ 110 Seventh Hadith: On Anger (Ghadab) ................................................................................................... 119 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 119 Advantages of al-Quwwah al-Ghadabiyyah (The Power of Anger): ............................................... 119 The Vice of Immoderation in Anger: ................................................................................................ 121 Moral Hazards of Anger: ................................................................................................................... 124 Its Behavioural Hazards: ................................................................................................................... 124 Controlling Anger: .............................................................................................................................. 125 How to Eradicate the Roots of Anger: .............................................................................................. 127 Eighth Hadith: On `Asabiyyah .............................................................................................................. 130 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 130 The Evils of `asabiyyah: ...................................................................................................................... 131 A Prophetic Tradition: ....................................................................................................................... 133 The Otherworldly Form of `asabiyyah: ............................................................................................. 133 A Colloquy With the Self: .................................................................................................................. 135 On the `asabiyyahs of the Intellectuals: ............................................................................................. 136 Ninth Hadith: On Hypocrisy (Nifaq) .................................................................................................... 138 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 138 Degrees of Nifaq: ................................................................................................................................. 138 Effects of Nifaq: ................................................................................................................................... 140 Cure of the Disease of Nifaq: .............................................................................................................. 141 Some Forms of Nifaq: ......................................................................................................................... 142 Tenth Hadith: On Desire and Hope ...................................................................................................... 148 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 148 1. On the Evil of Following One's Desires: ....................................................................................... 148 (b) The Qur'an and Hadith on the Evil of Submission to Desire: ................................................... 150 (c) On Numerousness of Desires: ....................................................................................................... 154 2. On the Evil of Endless Hopes: ........................................................................................................ 155 (a) On the Endlessness of Hopes: ....................................................................................................... 155 (b) Provisions for the Long Journey Ahead: .................................................................................... 155 Eleventh Hadith: Man's God-seeking Nature ...................................................................................... 159 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 159 1. The Meaning of Fitrah: .................................................................................................................. 160 The Laws of Human Nature: ............................................................................................................. 160 The Innateness of Religious Truths:.................................................................................................. 161 1. Man's Love of Perfection: .............................................................................................................. 162 2. The Innateness of Divine Attributes: ............................................................................................ 165 3. Innateness of-the Belief in Resurrection: ...................................................................................... 166 Twelfth Hadith: on Contemplation (Tafakkur) ................................................................................... 168 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 168 What is Heart? .................................................................................................................................... 169 The Merits of Contemplation: ........................................................................................................... 169 The Desirable and the Forbidden Contemplation on the Divine Essence: .................................... 171 Contemplation on Creation: .............................................................................................................. 175 The Earth and the Sun: Two Masterpieces of Creation .................................................................. 176 Contemplation on the States of the Soul: .......................................................................................... 178 A Conclusive Proof: ............................................................................................................................ 180 Twelfth Hadith (Contd. From the Part 12) ........................................................................................... 182 The Virtues of the Midnight Prayer:................................................................................................. 182 What is Taqwa? ................................................................................................................................... 186 Taqwa for the Common People: ......................................................................................................... 188 Thirteenth Hadith: On Tawakkul ......................................................................................................... 192 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 192 Tawakkul and its Degrees: .................................................................................................................. 193 The Difference Between Tawakkul and Rida: ................................................................................... 196 Tafwid, Tawakkul and Thiqah: ......................................................................................................... 196 Fourteenth Hadith: On the Fear of God ............................................................................................... 199 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 199 Between Hope and Fear: .................................................................................................................... 200 The Stages and Degrees of Fear: ....................................................................................................... 202 Hope and Prayer: ................................................................................................................................ 204 Contemplation, Fear and Hope: ........................................................................................................ 205 The Difference Between Hope and Delusion: ................................................................................... 206 The Opinion of Al-Majlisi: .................................................................................................................. 210 Fifteenth Hadith: On the Believer's Trials and Tribulations .............................................................. 211 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 211 The Meaning of Trial: ........................................................................................................................ 212 The Prophets and Divine Trial: ......................................................................................................... 215 God's Remembrance: ......................................................................................................................... 217 The Prophets' Suffering: .................................................................................................................... 219 The World is Not a Place of Reward or Punishment:...................................................................... 222 Sixteenth Hadith: On Sabr ..................................................................................................................... 225 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 225 Sabr, the Outcome of Freedom from Lust: ....................................................................................... 232 The Results of Sabr: ............................................................................................................................ 234 The Degrees and Levels of Sabr: ........................................................................................................ 237 The `Urafa's Degrees of Sabr: ............................................................................................................ 239 Seventeenth Hadith: On Tawbah .......................................................................................................... 242 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 242 Tawbah and Postponement: ............................................................................................................... 243 An Important Point: ........................................................................................................................... 244 The Essentials of Tawbah: .................................................................................................................. 245 The conditions of Tawbah: ................................................................................................................. 247 The Result of Istighfar: ....................................................................................................................... 251 On the Interpretation of Tawbah Nasuh: .......................................................................................... 252 All Beings are Endowed with Life and Knowledge: ........................................................................ 253 Eighteenth Hadith: On Remembrance of God ..................................................................................... 255 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 255 The Difference between Tafakkur and Tadhakkur: ......................................................................... 259 The Complete Dhikr: .......................................................................................................................... 260 Some Traditions Concerning Dhikr: ................................................................................................. 262 Nineteenth Hadith: On Ghibah ............................................................................................................. 265 Exposition ............................................................................................................................................ 265 The Definition of Ghibah: ................................................................................................................... 267 The Social Harms of Ghibah: ............................................................................................................. 276 On the Cure of this Malady: .............................................................................................................. 279 The Priority of Abstinence from Permissible Ghibah: .................................................................... 281 On the Prohibition on Listening to Ghibah: ..................................................................................... 282 Conclusion: al-Shahid al-Thani's Discourse: .................................................................................... 285 Twentieth Hadith: On Ikhlas ................................................................................................................. 288 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 288 The Meaning of `Test' in Relation to God: ....................................................................................... 289 Fear, Sincere Intention and Rightness of Action: ............................................................................ 291 The Definition of Ikhlas: ..................................................................................................................... 295 Ikhlas is Subsequent to Action: .......................................................................................................... 297 Twenty First Hadith: On Shukr ............................................................................................................ 302 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 302 A Mystical Interpretation: ................................................................................................................. 308 Ignorance and Ingratitude: ................................................................................................................ 313 The Different Levels of Shukr: ........................................................................................................... 314 The Station of Shukr in Hadith: ........................................................................................................ 315 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................... 318 Twenty Second Hadith: On the Aversion for Death ............................................................................ 322 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 323 The Reality of Heaven and Hell: ........................................................................................................ 326 Twenty Third Hadith: Of the Seekers of Knowledge .......................................................................... 330 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 331 Section 1: .............................................................................................................................................. 334 Section II: ............................................................................................................................................. 338 Section III: ........................................................................................................................................... 341 Section IV: ........................................................................................................................................... 344 Twenty Fourth Hadith: On the Classification of Sciences .................................................................. 346 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 346 Section I: .............................................................................................................................................. 347 Section II: ............................................................................................................................................. 351 Section III: ........................................................................................................................................... 353 Section IV: ........................................................................................................................................... 356 Section V: ............................................................................................................................................. 357 Twenty Fifth Hadith: On Waswas ......................................................................................................... 359 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 359 2. A Simpler Explanation of the Character of Waswas: .................................................................. 361 3. The Remedy for Waswas: ............................................................................................................... 366 Twenty Sixth Hadith: On the Pursuit of Knowledge ........................................................................... 369 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 369 1. Section: Concerning the Path of Knowledge and the Way to Paradise: .................................... 370 An Important Point: ........................................................................................................................... 371 2. Section: Concerning the Angels' Spreading their Wings for the Seekers of Knowledge: ........ 372 4. Section: The `Alim's Superiority over the `Abid: ......................................................................... 377 5. Section: On the `Ulama' Being the Heirs of the Prophets: .......................................................... 381 Twenty Seventh Hadith: Prayer and Concentration ........................................................................... 382 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 382 1. The Significance of Prayer: ............................................................................................................ 383 2. The Various Levels of Concentration: .......................................................................................... 390 Attention to Worship: ......................................................................................................................... 391 Attention to the Worshipped One: .................................................................................................... 392 3. The Incarnation of Works in the Hereafter: ................................................................................ 395 4. Worship and Freedom from Need: ................................................................................................ 404 A Last Point: ........................................................................................................................................ 407 Twenty Eighth Hadith: On Liqa' Allah ................................................................................................ 408 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 408 1. Liqa' Allah and Its Character: ....................................................................................................... 410 2. Death-The Moment of Truth: ........................................................................................................ 416 3. The Significance of `Love' and `Hate' when Ascribed to God: ................................................... 423 Twenty Ninth Hadith: The Prophet's Counsel to 'Ali ......................................................................... 425 1. The Evils of Lying: .......................................................................................................................... 428 2. The Meaning of Wara` and Its Levels: .......................................................................................... 432 Complement: The Evils of Treachery and the Meaning of Trustworthiness: ............................... 434 Concerning Some Divine Trusts: ....................................................................................................... 439 3. On the Fear of God Almighty: ....................................................................................................... 441 The Disparity of People in Observing the Divine Presence: ........................................................... 443 On the Virtues of Lamentation: ......................................................................................................... 444 Concerning Doubts Regarding Disproportionate Award: .............................................................. 445 Twenty Ninth Hadith: The Prophet's Counsel to `Ali (Contd.) .......................................................... 448 On Raising the Hands in Prayer and Turning Them: ..................................................................... 448 The Secret Behind the Raising of the Hands: ................................................................................... 449 A Warning Concerning one of the Satanic Ruses: ........................................................................... 451 On the Merit of Brushing the Teeth: ................................................................................................. 452 Thirtieth Hadith: The Indescribability of God, the Prophet, and the Imams ................................... 460 Section: On the Indescribability of God: .......................................................................................... 462 Section: On the Waiting of `the Seven Hijabs' Mentioned in Relation to the Prophet: ............... 468 Concerning a Brief Allusion to the Meaning of Tafwid: .................................................................. 473 Section: Concerning the Station of the Imams, may peace be upon Them: .................................. 474 On the Reality of 'Ismah: ................................................................................................................... 476 Concerning the Indescribability of Faith: ........................................................................................ 478 Thirty First Hadith: The Kinds of Hearts ............................................................................................ 480 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 480 Preface: On Reforming the Heart: .................................................................................................... 481 Section: The Basis for the Classification of the Hearts: .................................................................. 482 The Reason why the Kinds of Hearts are Confined to the Four: ................................................... 484 Section: Concerning the States of the Hearts: .................................................................................. 484 Concerning the Luminosity of the Believer's Heart: ....................................................................... 485 Concerning Some Stratagems of Satan: ............................................................................................ 487 Complimentary Note: The Hypocrite's Heart and the Difference Between it and the Believer's Heart: ................................................................................................................................................... 490 Conclusion: Neglect of the Truth Results in the Inversion of the Heart: ....................................... 491 Thirty Second Hadith: On Conviction in Faith .................................................................................... 493 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 493 Reconciling Traditions Concerning Livelihood being Apportioned and Traditions Exhorting Effort: ................................................................................................................................................... 495 Section: On the Signs or Soundness or Conviction: ......................................................................... 496 The Twofold Classes of the People: ................................................................................................... 497 Section: The Views of the Mu'tazilah and the Asha`irah and the Correct Position: ..................... 498 Section: ................................................................................................................................................. 499 Thirty Third Hadith Wilayah and Works ............................................................................................ 501 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 501 Section: On Explanation of Absence of Contradiction between Traditions that Exhort one to Perform ................................................................................................................................................ 502 `Ibadah and Abstain from Sins and other Traditions which Apparently Conflict with Them: ... 502 Section: Wilayah of the Ahl al-Bayt, the Condition for Acceptability of Works: .......................... 513 Thirty Fourth Hadith: The Station of the Faithful Before God ......................................................... 516 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 517 A Noteworthy Point: ........................................................................................................................... 520 Section: Concerning Interpretation of the 'Hesitation' Ascribed to God: ..................................... 520 An `Irfani Explanation: ...................................................................................................................... 521 A Complementary Note on Another interpretation of the Tradition of Hesitation: .................... 524 Section: Concerning God's Reforming of the State of the Faithful through Poverty and Wealth: .............................................................................................................................................................. 525 Section: Concerning the Nearness relating to Obligatory and Supererogatory Acts and their Result, in accordance with the Approach of the Wayfarers: .......................................................... 526 The Secret of the Variance Among the Prophets in Respect of Prophethood: .............................. 530 Section: A Citation from the Most August Shaykh Baha'i: ............................................................ 531 Section: A Citation from Khwajah Tusi: .......................................................................................... 532 Concluding Note: ................................................................................................................................ 532 Thirty Fifth Hadith: Of God and Man, Good and Evil ....................................................................... 534 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 534 Section: Two Stations of Divine Names: ........................................................................................... 535 Section: An Allusion to the Topic of Jabr and Tafwid: .................................................................... 537 Section: Concerning that God, the Exalted, is not Answerable Concerning what He does and other Existents are Answerable: ........................................................................................................ 540 Thirty Sixth Hadith: On the Attributes of God ................................................................................... 542 Exposition: ........................................................................................................................................... 542 Section: Concerning the Identity of God's Attributes with His Essence: ...................................... 543 The Statements of the Philosophers on the Division of Divine Attributes: .................................... 545 On the Identity of the Attributes with the Sacred Essence: ............................................................ 546 Section: On the Priority of Knowledge to Creation: ........................................................................ 547 Section: On the Meaning of Hearing and Sight in Relation to God: .............................................. 550 Section: Character of the Relation of God's Knowledge to the Knowables: ................................. 552 Section: The Criterion Relating to Positive and Negative Attributes: ........................................... 554

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Forty Hadith. An Exposition on 40 ahadith narrated Contents. First Hadith: On the Tradition of the Forty Ahadith . Effort and Struggle (Spiritual): .
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