Table Of Content

Contents—Volume 65 January through December 1994 JANUARY 1994 EDITORIAL Heart Rate Response of Aircrew During Recovery from Gradual Onset Rate Plans and Prospects—1994—D. R. Jones +G, Exposures—E. M. Forster ORIGINAL RESEARCH CLINICAL MEDICINE Epidemiology of Hot-Air Balloon Crashes Serious Arrhythmias Coinciding with Al- in the US., 1984—-88—D. L. Franken- teration of Consciousness in Aircrew field and S. P. Baker During +G. Stress—S. Tachibana, T. Effects of Alcohol and Chronic Aspar- Akamatsu, A. Nakamura, and §S. tame Ingestion upon Performance in Aviation Relevant Cognitive Tasks— A Case of Tullio Phenomenon in a Sub- A. F. Stokes, A. Belger, M. T. Banich, ject with Oval Window Fistula Due to and E. Bernadine Barotrauma—F. I/diz and A. Diindar.. +G.-Related Neck Pain: A Follow-up COMMENTARY Study—O. Hdmdldinen, H. Vanha- HIV-Encephalopathy: Should We Await a ranta, and R. Bloigu Catastrophe Before Screening—H. O. High Altitude Headache: Treatment with Leimann Patt, M. A. Pagano, and Ibuprofen—J. R. Broome, M. D. M. A. Garau Stoneham, J. M. Beeley, J. S. AEROMEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS Milledge, and A. S. Hughes Disc Hypoplasia and Optic Atrophy— Speech Measures Indicating Workload M. H. Mittelman Demand—WM. Brenner, E. T. Doherty, and T. Shipp Health, Sleep, and Mood Perceptions Reported by Airline Crews Flying Short FEBRUARY 1994 and Long Hauls—L. Haugli, A. Skog- stad, and O. H. Hellesgy ORIGINAL RESEARCH Influence of Ondansetron on Thermoreg- Imagery Ability and Air Traffic Person- ulation During Exercise in the Heat nel—A. R. Isaac Wearing Combat Clothing—7. M. Evoked Potential, Cardiac, Blink, and McLellan, M. B. Ducharme, and W. A. Respiration Measures of Pilot Work- Bateman load in Air-to-Ground Missions—G. F. Effects of Exercise Training at 1,500 m on Wilson, P. Fullenkamp, and I. Davis .. Arterial Oxygen Saturation and Pulse Flicker Detection Through Night Vision Rate—A. Sakai, Y. Yanagidaira, M. Goggles—J. Rabin Takeoka, K. Asano, O. Kashimura, K. Effect of Pyridostigmine Bromide on Ac- Terasawa, and G. Ueda celeration Tolerance and Perfor- isokinetic Strength and Endurance Dur- mance—E. M. Forster, J. A. Barber, ing 30-day 6° Head-Down Bed Rest F. R. Parker, Jr., J. E. Whinnery, R. R. with Isotonic and Isokinetic Exercise Burton, and R. Boll Training—J. E. Greenleaf, E. M. Ber- Intracranial Blood Flow Measured with nauer, A. C. Ertl, R. Bulbulian, and M. Single Photon Emission Computer To- mography (SPECT) During Transient Effects of Positive Acceleration on Atrial —6° Head-Down Tilt—H. Satake, T. Natriuretric Peptide in Humans—J. K. Konishi, T. Kawashima, K. Matsu- Park, K. H. Seul, B. O. Park, S.H. nami, T. Uno, S. Imai, H. Yamada, and Kim, and K. W. Cho C. Hirakawa 1174 = Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine « December 1994 Contents—Volume 65 January through December 1994 JANUARY 1994 EDITORIAL Heart Rate Response of Aircrew During Recovery from Gradual Onset Rate Plans and Prospects—1994—D. R. Jones +G, Exposures—E. M. Forster ORIGINAL RESEARCH CLINICAL MEDICINE Epidemiology of Hot-Air Balloon Crashes Serious Arrhythmias Coinciding with Al- in the US., 1984—-88—D. L. Franken- teration of Consciousness in Aircrew field and S. P. Baker During +G. Stress—S. Tachibana, T. Effects of Alcohol and Chronic Aspar- Akamatsu, A. Nakamura, and §S. tame Ingestion upon Performance in Aviation Relevant Cognitive Tasks— A Case of Tullio Phenomenon in a Sub- A. F. Stokes, A. Belger, M. T. Banich, ject with Oval Window Fistula Due to and E. Bernadine Barotrauma—F. I/diz and A. Diindar.. +G.-Related Neck Pain: A Follow-up COMMENTARY Study—O. Hdmdldinen, H. Vanha- HIV-Encephalopathy: Should We Await a ranta, and R. Bloigu Catastrophe Before Screening—H. O. High Altitude Headache: Treatment with Leimann Patt, M. A. Pagano, and Ibuprofen—J. R. Broome, M. D. M. A. Garau Stoneham, J. M. Beeley, J. S. AEROMEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS Milledge, and A. S. Hughes Disc Hypoplasia and Optic Atrophy— Speech Measures Indicating Workload M. H. Mittelman Demand—WM. Brenner, E. T. Doherty, and T. Shipp Health, Sleep, and Mood Perceptions Reported by Airline Crews Flying Short FEBRUARY 1994 and Long Hauls—L. Haugli, A. Skog- stad, and O. H. Hellesgy ORIGINAL RESEARCH Influence of Ondansetron on Thermoreg- Imagery Ability and Air Traffic Person- ulation During Exercise in the Heat nel—A. R. Isaac Wearing Combat Clothing—7. M. Evoked Potential, Cardiac, Blink, and McLellan, M. B. Ducharme, and W. A. Respiration Measures of Pilot Work- Bateman load in Air-to-Ground Missions—G. F. Effects of Exercise Training at 1,500 m on Wilson, P. Fullenkamp, and I. Davis .. Arterial Oxygen Saturation and Pulse Flicker Detection Through Night Vision Rate—A. Sakai, Y. Yanagidaira, M. Goggles—J. Rabin Takeoka, K. Asano, O. Kashimura, K. Effect of Pyridostigmine Bromide on Ac- Terasawa, and G. Ueda celeration Tolerance and Perfor- isokinetic Strength and Endurance Dur- mance—E. M. Forster, J. A. Barber, ing 30-day 6° Head-Down Bed Rest F. R. Parker, Jr., J. E. Whinnery, R. R. with Isotonic and Isokinetic Exercise Burton, and R. Boll Training—J. E. Greenleaf, E. M. Ber- Intracranial Blood Flow Measured with nauer, A. C. Ertl, R. Bulbulian, and M. Single Photon Emission Computer To- mography (SPECT) During Transient Effects of Positive Acceleration on Atrial —6° Head-Down Tilt—H. Satake, T. Natriuretric Peptide in Humans—J. K. Konishi, T. Kawashima, K. Matsu- Park, K. H. Seul, B. O. Park, S.H. nami, T. Uno, S. Imai, H. Yamada, and Kim, and K. W. Cho C. Hirakawa 1174 = Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine « December 1994 The Role of Sex and Genotype on Anti- Electromyographic Indices of Muscle Fa- orthostatic Suspension Effects on the tigue During Simulated Air Combat Mouse Peripheral Skeleton—S. J. Sim- Maneuvering—B. Bain, I. Jacobs, and ske, M. W. Luttges, K. A. Allen, and F.. Buick E. C. Gayles Perceived Exertion During Submaximal ANP Binding Sites Are Increased in Cho- G Exposures Before and After Physical roid Plexus of SLS-4 Rats After 9 Days of Training—U. I. Balldin, P. Kuronen, Spaceflight—S. Herbuté, J. Oliver, J. H. Rusko, and E. Svensson Davet, M. Viso, R. W. Ballard, C. Perceptual Thresholds of Radical Accel- Gharib, and J. Gabrion erations as Indicated by Visually Per- Infuence of Carbon Dioxide on Venous ceived Eye Level—C. Raphel and P.-A. Gas Emboli Production During Altitude Barraud Decompression in Goats—R. C. Hill, Cardiovascular Responses with Stan- C. W. Miller, and A. Tucker dard and Extended Bladder Cover- age G-Suits During Rapid Decompres- CLINICAL MEDICINE sion—W. D. Fraser, L. §. Goodman, Cervical Disk Bulges in Fighter Pilots—oO. K. N. Ackles, D. Mohn, and M. Pecaric Hdmdaldinen, T. Visuri, P. Kuronen, and H. Vanharanta Changes in Blood and Plasma Compo- sition with Lower Body Negative Pres- sure on the Ground and in Space TECHNICAL NOTES in One Subject—H. G. Hinghofer- Classification Problems of U.S. Air Force Szalkay, V. B. Noskov, J. Schmied, R. Spatial Disorientation Accidents, Rohrer, F. Viehbéck, E. M. Kénig, G. 1989-91—T. J. Lyons, W. R. Ercoline, Sauseng-Fellegger, C. Zambo-Polz, H. J. E. Freeman, and K. K. Gillingham Heimel, and A. I. Grigoriev Comparison of Fixed Versus Formed Air- Leg Temperature and Heat Content in crews in Military Transport—J. R. Humans During Immersion Hypother- Woody, E. H. McKinney, Jr., J. M. mia and Rewarming—G. K. Bristow, Barker, Jr., and C. C. Clothier D. I. Sessler, and G. G. Giesbrecht.... Compromises in the Visual Field With the M43 Aviation Mask—7. A. Wingert, W. Assessing Aviators for Personality Pathol- ogy with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Howard McAlister, and W. G. Bach- Inventory (MCMI)—R. E. King Neuroendocrine Responses of Flight Ca- 28th ANNUAL HARRY G. ARMSTRONG dets During Midterm Tests and of LECTURE Fighter Pilots During Tail Chase Sor- Space Qualified Humans: The High ties—E. M. Iyer, P. K. Banerjee, A. K. Five—R. L. Bondar Sengupta, and N. S. Baboo Population-Based Description of Air and Cases from the Aerospace Medicine Resi- Space Transport Accident Mortality, dents’ Teaching File, #57—D. J. Robb. United States, 1979-89—T. J. Ungs.... TECHNICAL NOTES The United States Air Force Crash Ambu- lance Origins, Current Use, and Sug- gested Future Directions—F. Leonard G-LOC Recovery With and Without G-Suit inflation—E. M. Forster, J. P. Cam- MARCH 41994 marota, and J. E. Whinnery Indian Air Force and World Spatial Dis- ORIGINAL RESEARCH orientation Accidents: A Compari- The Effect of a New Ejection Seat Head- son—B. Singh and P. D. Navathe box and High G Garments on Head Mobility During Air Combat—cG. W. COMMENTARY McCarthy, D. J. Anton, N. J. Bayley, Aerospace or Aviation Medicine?— T. E. Martin, and N. Stallard G. A. Martin Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine * December 1994 1175 Cases from the Aerospace Medicine Resi- Retinal Vein Occlusions: Case Reviews dents’ Teaching File, #58—F. Sahiar of USAF Aviators—W. J. Flynn, R. P. and §. R. Mohler Green, Jr., and F. J. LoRusso Physiologic Chest Sounds and Helicop- AEROMEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS ter Engine Noise—7. J. Poulton, D. W. Evaluation of an Aviator with Chronic Worthington, and T. R. Pasic Disequilibrium, Oscillopsia and Cen- tral Sleep Apnea—J. R. De Voll and TECHNICAL NOTES E. J. Sacks 263 In Flight Verification of the Inversion Illu- sion—G. W. McCarthy and J. R. Rollin Visual Evoked Potentials Through Night Vision Goggles—J. Rabin Focus Adjustment Effects on Visual Acuity APRIL 1994 and Oculomotor Balance with Aviator Night Vision Displays—J. C. Kotulak ORIGINAL RESEARCH and §. E. Morse Reduced Pressure in Extended Cover- age Anti-G-Trousers with Assisted Pres- A Breath Sampling Device for Measuring sure Breathing—L. P. Krock, R. L. Human Exposure to Volatile Organic Russell, J. Siegborn, and U. I. Balldin Compounds in Microgravity—J. H. Raymer, K. W. Thomas, E. D. Pelliz- Effect of 28-Day Head-Down Bed Rest zari, D. A. Whitaker, S. D. Cooper, T. with Countermeasures on Heart Rate Limero, and J. T. James Variability During LBNP—R. L. Hugh- son, Y. Yamamoto, A. P. Blaber, A. COMMENTARY Maillet, J. O. Fortrat, A. Pavy- Animals, Alternatives, and Humans: Solv- LeTraon, J. F. Marini, and C. Gharib ing Problems Through Research in the U.S. Air Force—R. R. Burton Effects of Different Simulated Gravity AEROMEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS Conditions on Neuromuscular Control Stroke in the Young Aviator—E. W. Hop- in Drop Jump Exercises—J. Avela, P. M. Santos, H. Kyréldinen, and P. V. Muscular Fatigue and Recovery Follow- ing Alternating Isometric Contractions MAY 1994 SECTION | at Different Levels of Force—M. W. Cornwall, L. P. Krock, and L. M. Wag- ORIGINAL RESEARCH The Ergonomics of Jettisoning Escape Burnout and Health Status in Italian Air Hatches in a Ditched Helicopter— Traffic Controllers—G. Dell’Erba, P. C. J. Brooks, A. P. Bohemier, and Venturi, F. Rizzo, S. Porcu’, and P. G. R. Snelling Pancheri Beat-to-Beat Determination of Periph- Postural Control in Pilots and Candi- eral Resistance and Arterial Compili- dates for Flight Training—R. Kohen- ance During +Gz Centrifugation— Raz, A. Kohen-Raz, J. Erel, B. David- D. A. Self, D. L. Ewert, R. D. Swope, son, Y. Caine, and P. Froom R. P. Crisman, and R. D. Latham Switching from Forward-Looking Infrared Predicting Orthostatic Intolerance: Phys- to Night Vision Goggles: Transitory Ef- ics or Physiology?—D. A. Ludwig and fects on Visual Resolution—J. Rabin V. A. Convertino Dynamic Leg Exercise Improves Toler- CLINICAL MEDICINE ance to Lower Body Negative Pres- “Bunt Bradycardia”: Two Cases of Slow- sure—D. E. Watenpaugh, R. E. Bal- ing of Heart Rate Inflight During Neg- lard, M. S. Stout, G. Murthy, R. T. ative Gz—R. D. Banks and G. Gray... 330 Whalen, and A. R. Hargens 1176 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine * December 1994 Cellular Immunity in Cosmonauts During HISTORICAL NOTE Long Duration Spaceflight on Board The Guinea Pig Club—D. R. Andrew .... 428 the Orbital MIR Station—F. K. Cases from the Aerospace Medicine Resi- Gmiinder, I. Konstantinova, A. Cogoli, dent’s Teaching File, #59—R. A. A. Lesnyak, W. Bogomolov, and A. W. Breitenbach and J. Simon CLINICAL MEDICINE A Review of Otolaryngologic Aircrew Disqualification in the Chinese Air Force, 1961-90—E.-T. Wang and S-Y ABSTRACTS OF THE 1994 ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC MEETING MAY 1994 SECTION Il Human Systems Center Research in the U.S. Air Force Introduction—G. K. Anderson Vv Topographical Analysis of Cortical Evoked Activity During a Variable Demand Editor's Note—D. R. Jones vi Spatial Processing Task—G. F. Wil- Acknowledgments vi son, R. A. Swain, and I. Davis Reviewers Vi The Application of Smooth Pursuit Eye Movement Analysis to Clinical Medi- Crew Fatigue During Simulated, Long Du- cine—E. J. Engelken, K. W. Stevens, ration B-1B Bomber Missions—J. and A. F. Bell French, R. U. Bisson, K. J. Neville, J. Mitcha, and W. F. Storm Viral Hepatitis in the U.S. Air Force, 4980-89: An Epidemiological and Serological Performance-Based and Physiological Study—R. W. Stout, S. B. Mitchell, Measures of Situational Awareness— M. D. Parkinson, R. D. Warner, R. E. M.A. Vidulich, M. Stratton, M. Crab- Miles, B. D. Franz, and William H. tree, and G. Wilson Tools for Assessing Situational Awareness The West Point Study: 40 Years of Follow- in an Operational Fighter Environ- Up—D. A. Clark, G. D. Tolan, R. ment—W. L. Waag and M. R. Houck Johnson, J. R. Hickman, W. G. Jack- son, and G. M. McGranahan United States Air Force Head-Up Display Control and Performance Symbology U.S. Air Force Positive-Pressure Breathing Evaluations—L. F. Weinstein, K. K. Anti-G System (PBG): Subjective Health Gillingham, and W. R. Ercoline Effects and Acceptance by Pilots— T. W. Travis and T. R. Morgan 3-Dimensional Auditory Displays: Develop- ment, Applications, and Perfor- An Acute Animal Model That Simulates the mance—R. L. McKinley, M. A. Erick- Hemodynamic Situations Present Dur- son, and W. R. D’ Angelo ing +Gz Acceleration—D. A. Self, R. Top Performer Survey: Computerized Psy- Hainsworth, L. P. Krock, C. P.A. chological Assessment in Aircrew— Doe, and R. D. Latham C.F. Flynn, W. E. Sipes, M. J. The Effect of Head and Body Position on Grosenbach, and J. Ellsworth +Gz Acceleration Tolerance—A. Personality Factors Affecting Pilot Combat Tong, R.C. Hill, L. Tripp, and J. T. Performance: A Preliminary Investiga- tion—F. M. Siem and M. W. Murray The Need for Improved Anthropometric Gender Differences In Perceptual-Motor Methods for the Development of Hel- Performance—W. C. Tirre and K. K. met Systems—K. M. Robinette and ROiiiR india cdvaii nwiensenese. J. J. Whitestone Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine * December 1994 1177 Ultrashort Laser Pulse Effects in Ocular and The Ultimate Biosensor—/. L. Kiel Related Media—W. P. Roach, M. E. The Use of Grain-Size Analysis with Limited Rogers, B. A. Rockwell, S. A. Boppart, Field Data to Study Hydraulic Conduc- C. D. Stein, and C. M. Bramlette tivity Variability—7. B. Stauffer and Aircrew Laser Eye Protection: Visual Conse- V. S. Manoranjan A125 quences and Mission Performance— S. R. Thomas Environmental Biotechnology Research: An Overview—J. C. Spain Al31 Ultrashort Electromagnetic Signals: Bio- physical Questions, Safety Issues, and Medical Opportunities—R. Albanese, J. Blaschak, R. Medina, and J. Penn JUNE 1994 ORIGINAL RESEARCH TECHNICAL NOTE Cerebral and Spinal Cord Blood Flow A Subjective Study of Fatigue During Dynamics During High Sustained Navy Flight Operations Over Southern +Gz—P. M. Werchan, J.C. Schadt, Iraq: Operation Southern Watch— J. W. Fanton, and M. H. Laughlin K. M. Belland and C. Bissell REVIEW ARTICLE Contribution of Cerebrospinal Fluid to Changes in the Central Nervous System Rheoencephalographic Waveforms and Their Clinical Correlates During During Hypoxic and +Gz Stress—B. S. Long-Term Spaceflight—A. B. New- Shender and S. E. Dubin Effects of Phenytoin on Vection-induced AEROMEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS Motion Sickness and Gastric Myoelec- Wide Complex Tachycardia in an Asymp- tric Activity—R. M. Stern, S. H. J. Ui- tomatic Aviator—E. A. Bower jtdehaage, E. R. Muth, and K. L. Koch Multiple +Gz Exposures Cause Brain Edema in Rats—A. R. Shahed, J. A. Barber, and P. M. Werchan JULY 1994 The Frequency of Occurrence and Se- verity of Side-Effects of Immersion Vir- ORIGINAL RESEARCH tual Reality—E. C. Regan and K. R. A Comparison of the Efficacy of Cinnari- zine With Scopolamine in the Treat- ment of Seasickness—B. J. W. Pin- Systemic Hemodynamics During Hyper- gree and R. J. Pethybridge baric Oxygen Exposure in Rats— L. E. B. Stuhr, G. W. Bergg, and I. Effect of Cinnarizine in the Prevention of Tyssebotn Seasickness—/. Doweck, C. R. Gor- don, O. Spitzer, Y. Melamed, and A. Effect of Caffeine on Submaximal Exer- cise Performance at Altitude—c. S. Seasickness Susceptibility, Personality Fulco, P. B. Rock, L. A. Trad, M. S. Factors, and Salivation—C. R. Gor- Rose, V. A. Forte, Jr., P. M. Young, don, H. Ben-Aryeh, O. Spitzer, I. and A. Cymerman Doweck, A. Gonen, Y. Melamed, and A. Shupak Civil Aviation Mortality, State Differences, and the Role of Multi-Fatality Aircraft Cardiorespiratory Response to Lower Accidents—T. J. Ungs Body Negative Pressure—C-M Chang, Y. Cassuto, D. R. Pendergast, and Behavior of Bacteria and Antibiotics Un- L. E. Farhi der Space Conditions—R. Tixador, G. Gasset, B. Eche, N. Moatti, L. Joint Position Sense in Simulated Lapchine, C. Woldringh, P. Toorop, Changed-Gravity Environments—O. J. P. Moatti, F. Delmotte, and G. Tap 551 1178 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine * December 1994 Coriolis Effects Are Principally Caused A Comparison of Two Contrast Sensitivity by Gyroscopic Angular Accelera- Tests and Their Usefulness as a tion—N. Isu, M. Yanagihara, T. Screener for Aircrew—S.M. McFad- Mikuni, and J. Koo Increased G-Suit Coverage Improves Acute and 8-Hour Effects of Alcohol Cardiac Preloading Conditions Dur- (0.08% BAC) on Younger and Older Pi- ing Positive Pressure Breathing—L. 5S. lots’ Simulator Performance—J. L. Goodman, M. R. Freeman, L. de Yang, Taylor, N. Dolhert, D. Morrow, L. T. W. Hsia, and J. Chan Friedman, and J. A. Yesavage Acute Hypoxia Fails to Influence Two As- Enhanced Cerebral Blood Flow in Acute pects of Short-Term Memory: Implica- Mountain Sickness—R. W. Baumegart- tions for the Source of Cognitive Defi- ner, P. Bartsch, M. Maggiorini, U. cits—B. Fowler, H. Prlic, and M. Waber, and O. Oelz Brabant Effects of Microgravity and Increased Effects of Hypoxia on Platelet Activation Gravity of Bone Marrow of Rats—R. D. in Pilots—D. Shen and Y. Wang Lange, L. A. Gibson, T. B. Driscoll, Z. Allebban, and A. T. Ichiki Auditory Localizing Acuity During Acute CLINICAL MEDICINE Exposure to Altitude—M. E. Rosen- Visual Manifestations on Neurologic De- berg, J. V. Barson, and A. J. Pollard 649 compression Sickness—D. 7. Fitz- CLINICAL MEDICINE patrick Aircrew Wives and the Intermittent Hus- Unexplained Unilateral Vision Loss Dur- band Syndrome—R. C. Rigg and ing Centrifugation—S. E. Popper, M. M. P. Cosgrove Stevens, F. Fisher, S.J. Bogan, and R. K. Muse TECHNICAL NOTE TECHNICAL NOTES Survivorship Models for Estimating the A New Method for Tracking and Analyz- Risk of Decompression Sickness— ing Illness and Morbidity Among Ac- K. V. Kumar and M. R. Powell tive Duty U.S. Air Force Aviators—B. P. SCIENCE NEWS NOTE Zwart Mammalian Cardiovascular Morphol- Differences in Otolith and Abdominal ogy and the Maintenance of Cerebral! Viscera Graviceptor Dynamics: Impli- Function at High Gz—R. J. Bagshaw cations for Motion Sickness and Per- and J. E. Whinnery 666 ceived Body Position—H. E. von Gei- rke, D. E. Parker EDITORIAL Feedback: Sixty for Ten—A. J. Parmet 670 A Gravity-independent Ergometer to be Used for Resistance Training in Cases from the Aerospace Medicine Resi- Space—H. E. Berg, and P. A. Tesch dents’ Teaching File #60—A. J. Parmet aml A. Mi. Hicks .......<00:...... 671 Heat Strain With Combat Clothing Worn Over a Chemical Defense (CD) Vapor Protective Layer—7. M. McLellan, Di. GT Fe Bhi Divvncccticccvcns HISTORICAL NOTE Surviving a C-130 Accident in the Cana- AUGUST 1994 dian High Arctic—W. de Groot ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMENTARY The “Push-Pull Effect’—R. Banks, J. D. Factors Influencing Aeromedical Deci- Grissett, G. T. Turnipseed, P. L. Saun- sion-Making: Operational versus Re- ders, and A. H. Rupert search Environments—S. E. Popper, M. Stevens, and F. Fisher Night Vision Goggle (NVG) Visual Acuity Under Ideal Conditions with Various AEROMEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS Adjustment Procedures—C. A. DeVil- Hyperopic Thermal Keratoplasty Proce- biss, J. C. Antonio, and G. M. Fielder 705 dure in a Civilian Air Traffic Controller 772 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine * December 1994 1179 SEPTEMBER 1994 , SECTION | CLINICAL MEDICINE Thymoma in a Royal Air Force Pilot—An ORIGINAL RESEARCH Unusual Cause of Chest Pain—J. P. Treatment of Mild Immersion Hypother- Warwick mia by Forced-Air Warming—G. G. Geisbrecht, M. Schroeder, and G. K. TECHNICAL NOTES Bristow Wireless Communication Technology Applied to Disaster Response— Aerobic Power and Body Size Affects the Exercise-induced Stress Hormone Re- sponses to Varying Water Tempera- Measurement of Night Vision Goggle tures—R. G. McMurray, P. L. Kocher, (NVG) Visual Acuity with the NVG Res- and §. M. Horvath olution Chart—C. A. DeVilbiss, and J.C. Antonio Energetics and Mechanics for Partial Gravity Locomotion—D. J. Newman, Volatile Organic Contaminants Found in H. L. Alexander, and B. W. Webbon .. the Habitable Environment of the Space Shuttle: STS-26 to STS-55—J. T. Alcohol-Induced Condition Taste Aver- James, T. F. Limero, H. J. Leano, sions in Chemically Labyrinthecto- J. F. Boyd, and P. A. Covington mized Rats—K-P Ossenkopp, Y. J. Rabi, and L. A. Eckel REVIEW ARTICLE Combat Stress, Combat Fatigue, and Structural and Biochemical Properties of Psychiatric Disability in Aircrew— the Rat Myocardium After 24 Days of N. K. Takla, R. Koffman, and D. A. Head-Down Suspension—A-X Bigard, B. Serrurier, K. Mérino, F. Lienhard, and C-Y Guezennec AEROMEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS Recurrent Loss of Consciousness in an Aircrew Member—A Controllable Cause—D. H. Hull SEPTEMBER 1994, SECTION II DIRECTORY ISSUE Contents Officers and Council of ASMA Presidents of ASMA Constitution and By-Laws Minutes of the 1994 Annual Business Meeting Statement of Income and Expense for 1993 Essentials of the ASMA’s CME Program Home Office Staff Some Useful Telephone Numbers AsMA and Scientific Specialty Code Symbols Directory of Members Life Members Honorary Members Members Who Live Abroad — ‘ ono Fellows Aupaaie Fellows Annual Lecturers Annual Awards President’s Citation Constituent and Affiliated Organizations Wing Officers Corporate and Sustaining Members Standing Committees Standing Committee Chairs 1180 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine + December 1994 OCTOBER 1994 1991 Selection Campaign—C. Fass- bender and K.-M. Goeters ORIGINAL RESEARCH Performance During Mild Acute Hypox- Economy Class Syndrome: Rheology, ia—M. A. Paul and W. D. Fraser Fluid Balance, and Lower Leg Edema During a Simulated 12-Hour Long Dis- An Overview of International Issues in As- tance Flight—H. Landgraf, B. Van- tronaut Psychological Selection— selow, D. Schulte-Huermann, M. V. P. A. Santy and D. R. Jones Miilmann, and L. Bergau Predicting Astronaut Effectiveness: A Blood Flow Velocity in Common Carotid Multivariate Approach—7. J. McFad- Artery in Humans During Breath- den, P. L. Helmreich, R. M. Rose, and Holding and Face Immersion—Z-L Jiang, J. He, H. Yamaguchi, H. Tanka, Psychological Predictors of Astronaut Ef- and H. Miyamoto fectivensss—R. M. Rose, L. F. Fogg, P. L. Helmreich, and T. J. McFadden REVIEW ARTICLE Pilot-Related Factors in Aircraft Crashes: Astronaut Psychiatric Selection Proce- A Review of Epidemiologic Studies— dures: A Japanese Experience—7. Endo, S. Ohbayashi, S. Yumikura, and C. Sekiguchi TECHNICAL NOTES Suicide by Use of Aircraft in the United Psychological Evaluation of Japanese States, 1979-1989—T. J. Ungs Astronaut Applicants—C. Sekiguchi, S. Umikura, K. Sone, and M. Kume AEROMEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS Psychological Evaluation of European Economy Class Syndrome—F. Sahiar Astronaut Applications: Results of the and §. R. Mohler OCTOBER 1994, SECTION Il Cognitive-Behavioral Management of Motion Sickness INTRODUCTION COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL TRAINING—HISTORICAL MOTION SICKNESS Signs and Symptoms of Motion Sickness Etiology of Motion Sickness Previous Flight Experience Incidence of Motion Sickness History of Motion Sickness MOTION SICKNESS—PREVENTION AND TREATMENT... Validity of Motion Sickness Questionnaires Prevention of Motion Sickness Provocative Tests for Grading Susceptibility to Mo- General Measures tion Sickness Mitigation of Specific Precipitating Factors The Early Cognitive-Behavioral Approach: RAF 1960— Factors Influencing Habituation to Motion Screening Candidates for Motion Sickness Suscep- Initial Interview Rotating/Tilting Table Treatment of Motion Sickness Plan of the Turn-Table Program Use of Anti-Motion Sickness Drugs Results of Treatment Hyoscine hydrobromide (scopolamine) MORE RECENT EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE Promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan®) Comparison with a Biofeedback Technique Dextroamphetamine sulfate (Dexedrine®) Evaluation of Key Components of Cognitive-Behavioral Cinnarizine (Stugeron®) Therapy Other anti-motion sickness drugs Counselor Training Comments on the pharmacological approach to Generalization of Tolerance to Motion Environments .. . treatment Optimal Number of Training Sessions Use of Nonpharmacological Therapy COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL TRAINING Biofeedback training Theoretical Aspects Autogenic-feedback training Practical Applications USAF Behavioral Airsickness Management Pro- Initial Briefing Training Sessions RAF desensitization program for chronic motion REVIEW OF MILITARY DESENSITIZATION PROGRAMS.... sickness CONCLUSION Canadian Forces airsickness rehabilitation pro- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine * December 1994 NOVEMBER 1994 HISTORICAL NOTE The Life of Brigadier General Theodore ORIGINAL RESEARCH C. Lyster—S. C. Craig Prior Crash and Violation Records of Pi- lots in Commuter and Air Taxi Crashes: AEROMEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS A Case-Control Study—G. Li and S. P. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) In- hibitors in Hypertensive Aircrew— F. K. Amroliwalla Qigong and L-4 Straining Maneuver Ox- ygen System Requirements With and Without Positive Pressure Breathing— S-X. Zhang, G. Hong-Zhang, Z. Jian, and J. Bai-Seng DECEMBER 1994 Thermal Strain and G Protection Associ- ated with Wearing an Enhanced EDITORIAL Anti-G Protection System in a Warm In Appreciation—D. R. Jones Climate—P. J. Sowood, E. M. O’Con- ORIGINAL RESEARCH The Effect of Test Chart Design and Hu- Effect of Modafinil on Heat Production man Factors on Visual Performance and Regulation of Body Temperatures with Night Vision Goggles—W. S. Sil- in Cold-Exposed Humans—L. Bour- berman, D. Aspey, D. J. Ivan, W. G. don, I. Jacobs, W. A. Bateman, A. L. Jackson, and G. W. Mitchell Vallerand Prevalence of Spatial Disorientation in Effect of Smoking Cessation Upon Circu- Indian Air Force Crew—P. D. Navathe latory Responses to Reactive Hyere- and B. Singh mia and Cold Pressor Stress—L. D. Human and Manikin Head/Neck Re- Montgomery and G. B. Williams sponse to +Gz Acceleration When En- Gravity-induced Homeostatic Reactions cumbered by Helmets of Various in the Macular and Choroidal Vascu- Weights—J. R. Buhrman and C. E. lature of the Human Eye—J. V. Lova- sik and H. Kergoat Development of Insulin Resistance by Perceptual and Eye Movement Re- Astronauts During Spaceflight—T. P. sponses Elicited by Linear Accelera- Stein and G. Boden tion Following Spaceflight—D. M. The Effects of Strength Training and Cen- Merfeld, J. R. I. Chrisie and L. R. trifuge Exposure on +Gz Tolerance— R. Bulbulian, R. P. Crisman, M. L. Thomas, and L. G. Meyer CLINICAL MEDICINE A Survey of US. Air Force Flyers Regard- Power Spectral and Time Based Analysis ing Their Use of Extended Wear Con- of Heart Rate Variability Following 45 tact Lenses—R. J. Moore and R. P. Days Head-Down Bed Rest—c. G. | TETEP EE OT LE ea Crandall, K. A. Engelke, J. A. Pawelc- zyk, P. B. Raven, and V. A. Covertino TECHNICAL NOTES The Possible Role of Nystagmus in Mo- Knee-Joint Proprioception During 30- tion Sickness: A Hypothesis—S. M. Day 6° Head-Down Bed Rest with Iso- Ebenholtz, M. M. Cohen, and B. J. tonic and Isokinetic Exercise Train- Linder ing—E. M. Bernauer, W. F. Walby, A. C. Ertl, P. T. Dempster, M. Bond, Physical Performance Is Maintained in Ce | are Women Consuming Only Foods Used on the U.S. Space Shuttle—R. J. Grete- Effect of Short-Term Unweighting on Hu- beck, S. F. Siconolfi, B. Rice, and man Skeletal Muscle Strength and Size—G. R. Adams, B. M. Hather, and G. A. Dudley REVIEW ARTICLE Ketamine’s Psychological Effects Do Not Normoxic, Hyperoxic, and Hypoxic Ven- Contraindicate Its Use Based on a Pa- tilation in Rats Continuously Exposed tient’s Occupation—R. A. Hersack.... 1041 for 60 h to 1 ATA O, —R. Arieli 1182 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine * December 1994