EDITED BY Mhairi G. MacDonald MBChB, DCH, FRCP(E), FAAP, FRCPCH Professor of Pediatrics George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Washington, District of Columbia Mary M. K. Seshia MBChB, DCH, FRCP(E), FRCPCH Professor, Pediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences University of Manitoba Neonatologist, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Health Sciences Centre Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Contributors Nora I. Alfattoh MD Consultant Pediatric Infectious Disease Department of Pediatrics King Abdulaziz Medical City/King Abdullah Children's Hospital Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ruben E. Alvaro MD, FAAP Associate Professor, Pediatrics, Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences University of Manitoba Medical Director, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine St. Boniface General Hospital Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Marianne Sollosy Anderson MD Neonatologist Sequoia Pediatrics Group Kaweah Delta Medical Center Hospital Visalia, California Stephanie Andriole MS, CGC Genetics Counselor Comprehensive Genetics Fetal Medicine Foundation of America New York, New York Jacob V. Aranda MD, PhD, FRCPC, FAAP Professor Department of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology Director of Neonatology Department of Pediatrics State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn, New York Kristian Aquilina MD, FRCS Honorary Senior Lecturer Institute of Child Health University College London Consultant Pediatrics Neurosurgeon Department of Neurosurgery Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children London, United Kingdom Robert J. Arceci MD, PhD Professor, Department of Child Health Director, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders Department of Hematology/Oncology Co-Director of the Ron Matricaria Institute of Molecular Medicine Phoenix Children's Hospital Phoenix, Arizona Judy L. Aschner MD Michael I. Cohen Professor and University Chair Department of Pediatrics and Obstetrics, Gynecology and Woman's Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine Chair and Physician-in-Chief Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital at Montefiore Bronx, New York David J. Askenazi MD, MSPH Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics/Nephrology University of Alabama at Birmingham Attending Physician Department of Pediatrics Nephrology Children's of Alabama Hospital Birmingham, Alabama Maria Laura Avila MD Clinical Research Fellow Department of Haematology-Oncology University of Toronto The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ontario, Canada Andrea T. Badillo MD Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Surgery George Washington University Attending Surgeon, Department of Pediatric Surgery Children's National Medical Centre Washington, District of Columbia Jillian M. Baker MD, MSc, FRCPC Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics University of Toronto Staff Pediatrician and Hematologist Department of Pediatrics St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada Nancy M. Bauman MD Professor, George Washington University School of Medicine Faculty Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Children's National Medical Center Washington, District of Columbia David A. Beckman PhD Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Nemours Research Programs Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, Delaware Edward F. Bell MD Professor Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa Attending Neonatologist Department of Pediatrics University of Iowa Children's Hospital Iowa City, Iowa Corinne Benchimol DO Clinical Director, Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Clinical Director, Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Kravis Children's Hospital at Mount Sinai New York, New York Judy C. Bernbaum MD Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Perelman Medical School University of Pennsylvania Medical Director Neonatal Fellow Up Program The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Roee Birnbaum MD Obstetrics and Gynecology Senior Resident Department of Ultra-Sound in Obstetrics and Gynecology LIS Maternity hospital, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Tel Aviv, Israel Carl L. Bose MD Professor Department of Pediatrics University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina Michael J. Boyajian MD Assistant Professor Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery George Washington University Medical Center Attending Physician Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Children's National Hospital Washington, District of Columbia Robert J. Boyle MD Professor Emeritus Department of Pediatrics University Virginia School of Medicine Attending Neonatologist Chair Ethics Committee Neonatal Intensive Care University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville, Virginia Robert L. Brent MD, PhD, Dsc Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics, Radiology, and Pathology Department of Pediatrics Jefferson Medical College Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Head, Clinical and Environmental Teratology Laboratory Nemours Research Programs Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, Delaware Luc P. Brion MD Professor of Pediatrics Director, Fellowship Training Program in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Attending Neonatologist Department of Pediatrics Parkland Health & Hospital System Children's Health William P. Clements Jr. University Hospital Dallas, Texas Laura D. Brown MD Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital Colorado University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado Barbara K. Burton MD Professor of Pediatrics Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Clinical Practice Director Division of Genetics, Birth Defects, and Metabolism Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital Chicago, Illinois Anthony K. C. Chan MBBS, FRCPC Professor of Pediatrics McMaster University Hamilton, Canada Consultant Coagulation Laboratory Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ontario, Canada Josef M. Cortez MD Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology University of Florida Health Jacksonville Associate Neonatologist Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology Wolfson Children's Hospital Jacksonville, Florida John M. Costello MD, MPH Associate Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Director, Inpatient Cardiology & Medical Director Regenstein Cardiac Care Unit Divisions of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Chicago, Illinois Olaf Dammann MD, MS Research Professor Public Health and Community Medicine Tufts University School of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Jonathan M. Davis MD Professor Department of Pediatrics Tufts University School of Medicine Chief of Newborn Medicine Department of Pediatrics and the Tufts Clinical and Translational Research Institute The Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts Jaime R. Denning MD, MS Assistant Professor Department of Orthopedic Surgery College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Staff Surgeon Division of Orthopedic Surgery Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio James G. Dinulos MD Clinical Associate Professor Department of Surgery (Dermatology) Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover, New Hampshire Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Dermatology University of Connecticut Farmington, Connecticut Nicole R. Dobson MD Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics Uniformed Services University Bethesda, Maryland Chief, Neonatology Department of Pediatrics Tripler Army Medical Center Honolulu, Hawaii Yigal Dror MD, FRCPC Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Institute of Medical Sciences Clinical Scientist Department of Pediatrics Division of Hematology and Oncology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ontario, Canada Joanne E. Embree MD, FRCPC Professor Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Medical Microbiology University of Manitoba Consultant, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Children's Hospital, Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Mark I. Evans MD Professor, Obstetrics & Gynecology Director, Comprehensive Genetics President, Fetal Medicine Foundation of America Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, New York Lynda B. Fawcett PhD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics Jefferson Medical College Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Assistant Professor Nemours Biomedical Research Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, Delaware Ashanti L. Franklin MD Pediatric Surgery Research Fellow Children's National Health Systems Surgery Resident Howard University Hospital Washington District of Columbia Penny M. Feldman MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Department of Pediatrics University of Massachusetts Medical School Pediatric Endocrinologist UMass Memorial Children's Medical Center UMass Memorial Health Care Worcester, Massachusetts Michael F. Flanagan MD Department of Pediatrics Section of Pediatrics Cardiology Dartmouth Medical School Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, New Hampshire Joseph T. Flynn MD, MS Professor Department of Pediatrics University of Washington Chief Division of Nephrology Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle, Washington M. Taylor Fordham MD Pediatric Otolaryngology George Washington University Pediatric Otolaryngology Children's National Medical Center Washington, District of Columbia Regan E. Giesinger MD, FRCPC Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics University of Toronto Neonatologist Department of Neonatal - Perinatal Medicine The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ontario, Canada Michael K. Georgieff MD Professor, Vice Chair Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Neonatologist Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Amplatz Children's Hospital Minneapolis, Minnesota Harold M. Ginzburg MD, JD, MPH Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry Department of Psychiatry Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences School of Medicine Bethesda, Maryland Associate Director for Research and Development
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