Avery's Diseases of the Newborn 8th ed - Taeusch, et al., (Elsevier) WW

1634 Pages·2020·38.17 MB·English

To the newborn
infants and parents
who challenge us
to get it right.

FM00-001-024 6/11/04 8:28 PM Page v

To the newborn
infants and parents
who challenge us
to get it right.

FM00-001-024 6/11/04 8:28 PM Page v

Ira Adams-Chapman, M.D.
Co-Director, Developmental Progress Clinic, Department
of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine,
Atlanta, Georgia
Nosocomial Infections in the Nursery

Anne M. Ades, M.D.
Clinical Associate Professor of Neonatology, University of
Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Neonatologist, The Chil-
dren’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Management of Congenital Heart Disease in the Low-Birth-
Weight Infant

Amina Ahmed, M.D.
Clinical Assistant Professor, University of North Carolina
at Chapel Hill School of Medicine; Pediatric Infecti-
ous Disease, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North
Carolina
Toxoplasmosis, Syphilis, Malaria, and Tuberculosis

Simone Albers, M.D.
Fellow in Pediatrics, Muenster University Faculty of
Medicine and University Children’s Hospital, Muenster,
Germany
Newborn Screening

Marilee C. Allen, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine; Associate Director of Neonatology, Johns
Hopkins Hospital, and Co-Director, NICU Develop-
mental Clinic, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore,
Maryland
Risk Assessment and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

Maureen Andrew, M.D., F.R.C.P.†
Formerly Professor of Pediatrics, McMaster University
and Hamilton Civic Hospitals Research Centre, Hamilton,
Ontario; Professor of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick
Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Hemostatic Disorders of the Newborn

Stephen A. Back, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology, Depart-
ment of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Sciences University,
Portland, Oregon
Developmental Physiology of the Central Nervous System;
Congenital Malformations of the Central Nervous System

H. Scott Baldwin, M.D.
Katrina Overall Professor of Pediatrics, Professor of Cell
and Developmental Biology, and Vice-Chair for Labora-
tory Sciences in Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Van-
derbilt University School of Medicine; Senior Cardiologist,
Vanderbilt Children’s Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
Embryology and Development of the Cardiovascular System

Philip L. Ballard, M.D., Ph.D.
Gisela and Dennis Alter Professor of Pediatrics, Division
of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of
Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Director of Neona-
tal Research, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Hormonal Influences on Fetal Development; Lung Develop-
ment: Embryology, Growth, Maturation, and Developmental
Biology

Roberta A. Ballard, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School
of Medicine; Neonatologist, The Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia and Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Nonimmune Hydrops; Resuscitation in the Delivery Room; Res-
piratory Failure in the Term Infant; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia;
Disorders of the Chest Wall, Pleural Cavity, and Diaphragm

Beverly A. Banks-Randall, M.D., Ph.D., M.H.S.
Director of Neonatology, Roy Lester Schneider Hospital,
St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Stephen Baumgart, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, State University of New York
at Stony Brook School of Medicine; NICU Director, Uni-
versity Hospital at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York
Temperature Regulation of the Premature Infant

Karen P. Beckerman, M.D.
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, New York University School of Medi-
cine, New York, New York
Identification, Evaluation, and Care of the Human Immuno-
deficiency Virus–Exposed Neonate

Thomas J. Benedetti, M.D., M.H.A.
Vice Chair/Professor, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medi-
cine, Seattle, Washington
Complicated Deliveries: Overview

vii

Contributors

†Deceased.

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Gerard T. Berry, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics and Vice Dean for Research, Jeffer-
son Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadel-
phia, Pennsylvania
Introduction to the Metabolic and Biochemical Genetic Dis-
eases; Inborn Errors of Carbohydrate, Ammonia, Amino Acid,
and Organic Acid Metabolism

Carol Lynn Berseth, M.D.
Director, Medical Affairs, Mead Johnson and Company,
Evansville, Indiana
Developmental Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal
Tract; Structural Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal Tract; Physio-
logic and Inflammatory Abnormalities of the Gastrointestinal
Tract; Abdominal Wall Problems; Necrotizing Enterocolitis and
Short Bowel Syndrome

Kathleen E. Bethin, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinol-
ogy and Diabetology, Indiana University School of Medi-
cine, Indianapolis, Indiana
Disorders of the Adrenal Gland

Diana W. Bianchi, M.D.
Natalie V. Zucker Professor of Pediatrics, Obstetrics, and
Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine; Chief,
Division of Genetics, Tufts–New England Medical Cen-
ter, Boston, Massachusetts
Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis

Mitchell S. Cairo, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Pathology, Columbia
University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Chief, Divi-
sion of Pediatric Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplan-
tation, Children’s Hospital of New York–Presbyterian, New
York, New York
Neonatal Leukocyte Physiology and Disorders

Anthony Caldamone, M.D.
Professor of Surgery (Urology) and Pediatrics, Brown
School of Medicine; Director, Urology Residency Pro-
gram, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
Ambiguous Genitalia in the Newborn

Sudhish Chandra, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve
University School of Medicine; Attending Neonatologist,
Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, Cleveland,
Ohio
Temperature Regulation of the Premature Infant

Ramen Chmait, M.D.
Staff Physician, Florida Institute for Fetal Diagnosis and
Therapy, Florida Perinatal Associates, Tampa, Florida
Endocrine Disorders in Pregnancy

Ronald I. Clyman, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, University of California, San Fran-
cisco, School of Medicine; Senior Staff, Cardiovascular
Research Institute, San Francisco, California
Patent Ductus Arteriosus in the Premature Infant

Bernard A. Cohen, M.D.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Dermatology, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director, Pedi-
atric Dermatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore,
Maryland
Newborn Skin: Development and Basic Concepts; Congeni-
tal and Hereditary Disorders of the Skin; Infections of the
Skin; Common Newborn Dermatoses; Cutaneous Congenital
Defects

Meryl S. Cohen, M.D.
Interim Director of Echocardiography Laboratory,
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
Echocardiography in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Mitchell I. Cohen, M.D.
Medical Director of Pediatric Cardiology and Director of
Pacing and Electrophysiology, Phoenix Children’s Hospi-
tal, Phoenix, Arizona
Arrhythmias in the Fetus and Newborn

Robert M. Cohn, M.D.
Associate Professor Emeritus, University of Pennsylvania
School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Lysosomal Storage, Peroxisomal, and Glycosylation Dis-
orders and Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome Presenting in the
Neonate

F. Sessions Cole, M.D.
Park J. White, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics, Professor of
Cell Biology and Physiology, and Vice Chairman, Depart-
ment of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medi-
cine; Director, Division of Newborn Medicine, St. Louis
Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
Immunology of the Fetus and Newborn; Viral Infections of
the Fetus and Newborn

Anthony Corbet, M.B.
Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, University of Texas
Health Science Center at San Antonio; Partner, Magella
Medical Associates (Pediatrix Medical Group); Staff
Neonatologist, Christus Santa Rosa Children’s Hospital,
Methodist Children’s Hospital, and St. Luke’s Baptist
Hospital, San Antonio, Texas
Control of Breathing; Pulmonary Physiology of the Newborn;
Principles of Respiratory Monitoring and Therapy; Respiratory
Distress in the Preterm Infant; Respiratory Failure in the Term
Infant; Anomalies of the Airways, Mediastinum, and Lung
Parenchyma; Disorders of the Chest Wall, Pleural Cavity, and
Diaphragm

Scott C. Denne, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medi-
cine; Attending Neonatologist, James Whitcomb Riley Hos-
pital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana
Parenteral Nutrition

Theresa J. Di Maggio, R.N., M.S.N., C.R.N.P.
Pain Management Nurse Practitioner, Departments of
Anesthesiology and Nursing, The Children’s Hospital of
Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Neonatal Pain Management in the 21st Century

viii
Contributors

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Eric C. Eichenwald, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School;
Associate Director, Newborn Intensive Care Unit, Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Care of the Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infant

Jacquelyn R. Evans, M.D.
Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University
of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Clinical Director,
Newborn Services, and Medical Director, Neonatal
ECMO Program, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Acid-Base, Fluid, and Electrolyte Management; Clinical
Evaluation of Renal and Urinary Tract Disease; Acute and
Chronic Renal Failure; Renal Vascular Disease in the Newborn

Nick Evans, D.M., M.R.C.P.Ch.
Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of
Sydney Faculty of Medicine; Director, NICU, Royal Prince
Alfred Hospital, Lamperdown, New South Wales, Australia
Cardiovascular Compromise in the Newborn Infant

Avroy A. Fanaroff, M.D.
Eliza Henry Barnes Professor in Neonatology and Interim
Chair, Department of Pediatrics, and Professor of Repro-
ductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University School
of Medicine; Neonatologist, Rainbow Babies and Chil-
dren’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
Perinatal-Neonatal Epidemiology

Donna M. Ferriero, M.D.
Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics, Division of Child
Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, School
of Medicine, San Francisco, California
Central Nervous System Injury and Neuroprotection

Delbert A. Fisher, M.D.
Vice President, Science & Innovation, Quest Diagnostics
Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, California
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland

Laura Flores-Sarnat, M.D.
Postdoctoral Research Fellow in Neuropathology, Cedars-
Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
Neonatal Neuromuscular Disorders

Philippe S. Friedlich, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, University of
Southern California Keck School of Medicine; Section
Head, CHLA Operations, and Medical Director, Center
for Newborn and Infant Critical Care, Children’s Hospital
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
Clinical Evaluation of Renal and Urinary Tract Disease;
Acute and Chronic Renal Failure

J. William Gaynor, M.D.
Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania
School of Medicine; Daniel M. Tabas Endowed Chair in
Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital
of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Long-Term Neurologic Outcomes in Children with Congeni-
tal Heart Disease

Alfred L. Gest, M.D.
Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Department of
Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine
and Public Health; Neonatologist, Children’s Hospital,
Columbus, Ohio
Principles of Respiratory Monitoring and Therapy

Tal Geva, M.D.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics (Radiology), Department of
Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School; Senior Associate in Car-
diology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
Nomenclature and the Segmental Approach to Congenital
Heart Disease

Mary Ann E. Gibbons, R.N., B.S.N.
Clinical Nurse IV, Newborn/Infant Center, The Children’s
Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Neonatal Pain Management in the 21st Century

William M. Gilbert, M.D.
Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, University of California, Davis, School of
Medicine; Attending Physician, University of California,
Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento, California
Placental Function and Diseases: The Placenta, Fetal Mem-
branes, and Umbilical Cord

Bertil E. Glader, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of
Medicine; Attending Pediatrician, Stanford University
Hospitals, Stanford, California
Erythrocyte Disorders in Infancy

Christine A. Gleason, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of
Medicine; Head, Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hos-
pital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
Developmental Physiology of the Central Nervous System;
Appendix 2: Illustrative Forms and Normal Values

Michael J. Goldberg, M.D.
Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthaepedics,
Tufts University School of Medicine; Orthopaedist in Chief,
Tufts–New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Common Neonatal Orthopedic Ailments

William V. Good, M.D.
Senior Scientist, Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute,
San Francisco, California
Disorders of the Eye

Gregory Goodwin, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Brown School of Medi-
cine; Director, Pediatric Endocrine Clinic, Rhode Island
Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
Ambiguous Genitalia in the Newborn

Sameer Gopalani, M.D., M.S.
Acting Instructor and Fellow, Division of Perinatal Medi-
cine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University
of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
Complicated Deliveries: Overview

Contributors
ix

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Carol L. Greene, M.D.
Clinical Professor, George Washington University School of
Medicine; Clinical Faculty, Division of Genetics and
Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s National
Medical Center, Washington, DC
Lysosomal Storage, Peroxisomal, and Glycosylation Disorders
and Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome Presenting in the Neonate

Brian E. Grottkau, M.D.
Chief of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Adult Spine Surgeon,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Common Neonatal Orthopedic Ailments

Peter J. Gruber, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania
School of Medicine; Pediatric Cardiologist, The Children’s
Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Common Congenital Heart Disease: Presentation, Manage-
ment, and Outcomes

Jean-Pierre Guignard, M.D.
Professor of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Lausanne
Faculty of Medicine; Head, Division of Pediatric Nephrol-
ogy, University Hospital Medical Center, Lausanne, France
Renal Morphogenesis and Development of Renal Function

Susan Guttentag, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylva-
nia School of Medicine; Neonatologist, The Children’s
Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Lung Development: Embryology, Growth, Maturation, and
Developmental Biology

Shannon E. G. Hamrick, M.D.
Clinical Instructor of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology,
University of California, San Francisco, School of Medi-
cine, San Francisco, California
Central Nervous System Injury and Neuroprotection

Thomas N. Hansen, M.D.
Professor and Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, The
Ohio State University School of Medicine and Public
Health; Chief Executive Officer, Children’s Hospital,
Columbus, Ohio
Control of Breathing; Pulmonary Physiology of the Newborn;
Principles of Respiratory Monitoring and Therapy; Respiratory
Distress in the Preterm Infant; Respiratory Failure in the Term
Infant; Anomalies of the Airways, Mediastinum, and Lung
Parenchyma; Disorders of the Chest Wall, Pleural Cavity, and
Diaphragm

Margaret K. Hostetter, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics and Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale
University School of Medicine; Physician-in-Chief,
Yale–New Haven Children’s Hospital, New Haven,
Connecticut
Fungal Infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Samuel C. Hughes, M.D.
Professor of Anesthesia, University of California, San Fran-
cisco, School of Medicine; Director, Obstetric Anesthesia,
San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
Maternal and Fetal Anesthesia and Analgesia

Andrew D. Hull, B.Med.Sci., B.M., B.S., F.R.C.O.G.,
F.A.C.O.G.
Assistant Professor of Reproductive Medicine and Direc-
tor of Research, University of California, San Diego,
School of Medicine, San Diego, California
Hypertensive Complications of Pregnancy; Antepartum Fetal
Assessment

Roy Jedeikin, M.D.
Medical Director of Pediatric Cardiology, St. Joseph’s
Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
Arrhythmias in the Fetus and Newborn

Sandra E. Juul, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washing-
ton School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
Developmental Biology of the Hematologic System

Bernard S. Kaplan, M.B., B.Ch.
Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of Penn-
sylvania School of Medicine; Director of Pediatric
Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Developmental Abnormalities of the Kidneys; Glomeru-
lonephropathies and Disorders of Tubular Function

Paige Kaplan, M.B., B.Ch.
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School
of Medicine; Section Chief, Metabolic Diseases, Depart-
ment of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadel-
phia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Skeletal Dysplasias and Connective Tissue Disorders

Rebecca A. Kazin, M.D.
Resident in Dermatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institu-
tions, Baltimore, Maryland
Common Newborn Dermatoses

Thomas F. Kelly, M.D.
Associate Clinical Professor of Reproductive Medicine,
University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine,
La Jolla; Director of Maternity Services, UCSD Medical
Center, San Diego, California
Maternal Medical Disorders of Fetal Significance: Seizure
Disorders, Isoimmunization, Cancer, and Mental Disorders

Stefan Kuhle, M.D.
Senior Registrar, Department of Neonatology, University
Children’s Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
Hemostatic Disorders of the Newborn

Ian A. Laing, M.A. M.D., F.R.C.P.E., F.R.C.P.Ch.
Senior Lecturer, Department of Reproductive and Devel-
opmental Sciences, University of Edinburgh Faculty of
Medicine; Clinical Director, Neonatal Unit, Simpson
Centre for Reproductive Health, Royal Infirmary of Edin-
burgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Surfactant Treatment of Respiratory Disorders

x
Contributors

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Harvey L. Levy, M.D.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical
School; Senior Associate in Medicine (Genetics), Chil-
dren’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
Newborn Screening

Mignon L. Loh, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Cali-
fornia, San Francisco, School of Medicine; Attending Physi-
cian, UCSF Children’s Hospital, San Francisco, California
Congenital Malignant Disorders

Scott A. Lorch, M.D., M.S.C.E.
Assistant Professor, University of Pennsylvania School of
Medicine; Clinical Associate, Division of Neonatology,
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
Nonimmune Hydrops

Ralph A. Lugo, Pharm.D.
Associate Professor, University of Utah College of Phar-
macy, Salt Lake City, Utah
Pharmacologic Principles and Practicalities

Geoffrey A. Machin, M.D., Ph.D.
Fetal/Genetic Pathologist, The Permanente Medical
Group, Department of Pathology, Kaiser Oakland, Oak-
land, California
Placental Function and Diseases: The Placenta, Fetal Mem-
branes, and Umbilical Cord; Multiple Birth

James R. MacMahon, M.D.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Staff Physician, Maine
Medical Center, Portland, Maine
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

George A. Macones, M.D., M.S.C.E.
Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gyne-
cology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine;
Director, Maternal Fetal Medicine, Hospital of the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Prematurity: Causes and Prevention

Ashima Madan, M.D.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Stanford University
School of Medicine; Staff Physician, Lucile Salter Packard
Children’s Hospital, Stanford, California
Central Nervous System Injury and Neuroprotection; Neona-
tal Hyperbilirubinemia; Disorders of the Eye

Bradley S. Marino, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Anesthesia and Pediatrics, Univer-
sity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Assistant Physi-
cian, Division of Cardiology and Division of Critical Care
Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Stabilization and Transport of the Neonate with Congenital
Heart Disease

Alma Martinez, M.D., M.P.H.
Associate Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, San Francisco
General Hospital and University of California, San Fran-
cisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
Abnormalities of Fetal Growth; Perinatal Substance Abuse

Kathryn L. Maschoff, M.D., Ph.D.
Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics,
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Attending
Neonatologist, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
and Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadel-
phia, Pennsylvania
Embryology and Development of the Cardiovascular
System

Patricia Massicotte, M.D., M.Sc., F.R.C.P.C.
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Alberta Faculty of
Medicine; Attending Physician, Stollery Children’s Hospi-
tal, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Hemostatic Disorders of the Newborn

Katherine K. Matthay, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, University of California, San Fran-
cisco, School of Medicine; Interim Chief, Pediatric Hema-
tology-Oncology, and Director, Pediatric Oncology, UCSF
Children’s Hospital, San Francisco, California
Congenital Malignant Disorders

William C. Mentzer, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics Emeritus, University of California,
San Francisco, School of Medicine; Attending Pediatric
Hematologist/Oncologist, University of California Medical
Center, San Francisco, California
Erythrocyte Disorders in Infancy

Jeffrey D. Merrill, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylva-
nia School of Medicine; Medical Director, Intensive Care
Nursery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Resuscitation in the Delivery Room

Carol A. Miller, M.D.
Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University
of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San
Francisco, California
Routine Newborn Care

Lesley Mitchell, A.R.T., M.Sc.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Alberta Fac-
ulty of Medicine; Scientific Director, Pediatric Thrombosis
Program, Stollery Children’s Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada
Hemostatic Disorders of the Newborn

Alicia A. Moise, M.D.
Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Department of
Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine
and Public Health; Neonatologist, Children’s Hospital,
Columbus, Ohio
Principles of Respiratory Monitoring and Therapy

Contributors
xi

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Thomas J. Mollen, M.D.
Instructor, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine;
Clinical Associate, The Children’s Hospital of Philadel-
phia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Nonimmune Hydrops

Timothy P. Monahan, M.A., M.D.
Resident in Dermatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Balti-
more, Maryland
Congenital and Hereditary Disorders of the Skin

Thomas R. Moore, M.D.
Professor and Chairman, Department of Reproductive
Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of
Medicine; Faculty Physician, UCSD Medical Center, San
Diego, California
Endocrine Disorders in Pregnancy; Maternal Medical Disor-
ders of Fetal Significance: Seizure Disorders, Isoimmunization,
Cancer, and Mental Disorders; Hypertensive Complications of
Pregnancy; Antepartum Fetal Assessment

Louis J. Muglia, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Molecular Biology and
Pharmacology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washing-
ton University School of Medicine; Attending Physician,
St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
Disorders of the Adrenal Gland

Robert M. Nelson, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Anesthesia and Pediatrics, Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Attending
Physician, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine,
The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania
Ethical Decisions in the Neonatal-Perinatal Period

Thomas B. Newman, M.D., M.P.H.
Professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Departments
of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Pediatrics, Univer-
sity of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine;
Attending Physician, Well Baby Nursery, UCSF Medical
Center, San Francisco, California
Routine Newborn Care

Eugenia K. Pallotto, M.D.
Assistant
Professor
of
Pediatrics,
University
of
Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine; Attending
Physician, Section of Neonatology, Department of Pedi-
atrics, Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas
City, Missouri
Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Erica S. Pan, M.D., M.P.H.
Clinical Instructor, University of California, San Fran-
cisco, School of Medicine; Director, Bioterrorism and
Emerging Infections Unit, Community Health Epidemi-
ology and Disease Control, San Francisco Department of
Public Health, San Francisco, California
Viral Infections of the Fetus and Newborn

Elvira Parravicini, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Columbia Univer-
sity College of Physicians and Surgeons; Assistant Clinical
Attending, Children’s Hospital of New York–Presbyterian,
New York, New York
Bacterial Sepsis and Meningitis; Neonatal Leukocyte Physiol-
ogy and Disorders

J. Colin Partridge, M.D., M.P.H.
Clinical Professor, University of California, San Francisco,
School of Medicine; Attending Neonatologist, San Fran-
cisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California
Perinatal Substance Abuse

Dan Poenaru, M.D., M.H.P.E., F.R.C.S.C., F.A.C.S.,
F.I.C.S.
Adjunct Associate Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics,
Queen’s University Faculty of Health Sciences, Kingston,
Ontario, Canada; Medical Education and Research Direc-
tor, AIC Kijabe Hospital, Kijabe, Kenya
Structural Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal Tract; Abdomi-
nal Wall Problems; Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Short Bowel
Syndrome

Brenda B. Poindexter, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Indiana University School
of Medicine; Attending Neonatologist, James Whitcomb
Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana
Parenteral Nutrition

Richard A. Polin, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of
Physicians and Surgeons; Director, Division of Neonatol-
ogy, Children’s Hospital of New York–Presbyterian, New
York, New York
Bacterial Sepsis and Meningitis

Daniel H. Polk, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Fein-
berg School of Medicine; Vice Chief, Division of Neona-
tology, Children’s Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Illinois
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland

DeWayne M. Pursley, M.D., M.P.H.
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School;
Neonatologist in Chief, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Impact of the Human Genome Project on Neonatal Care

Rangasamy Ramanathan, M.D.
Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, University of Southern
California Keck School of Medicine; Associate Division
Chief and Section Head, USC Division of Neonatology;
Director, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Fellowship Pro-
gram, and Director, NICU Women’s and Children’s
Hospital, LAC � USC Women’s and Children’s Hospi-
tal and Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles,
California
Acid-Base, Fluid, and Electrolyte Management; Renal Vascu-
lar Disease in the Newborn

xii
Contributors

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Daniela Ramierez-Schrempp, M.D.
Clinical Assistant Instructor in Pediatrics, State University
of New York; Children’s Hospital at Downstate Medical
Center, Brooklyn, New York
Surfactant Treatment of Respiratory Disorders

Joan A. Regan, M.D.†
Formerly Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics,
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons,
and Associate Clinical Attending, Children’s Hospital of
New York–Presbyterian, New York, New York
Bacterial Sepsis and Meningitis

Elisabeth G. Richard, M.D.
Resident in Dermatology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institu-
tions, Baltimore, Maryland
Infections of the Skin

Richard L. Robertson, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School;
Director of Neuroradiology, Children’s Hospital Boston,
Boston, Massachusetts
Neonatal Neuroimaging

Mark A. Rosen, M.D.
Professor of Anesthesia and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and
Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San
Francisco, School of Medicine; Director, Obstetric Anes-
thesia, University Hospitals (Moffitt-Long), San Francisco,
California
Maternal and Fetal Anesthesia and Analgesia

Lewis P. Rubin, M.Phil., M.D.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Co-Director, Pro-
gram in Fetal Medicine, Brown Medical School; Staff
Neonatologist, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode
Island, Providence, Rhode Island
Embryology, Developmental Biology, and Anatomy of the
Endocrine System; Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus
Metabolism

Jack Rychik, M.D., F.A.C.C.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylva-
nia School of Medicine; Medical Director, The Fetal
Heart Program, Division of Cardiology, The Children’s
Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Echocardiography in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Sulagna C. Saitta, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylva-
nia School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Division of
Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadel-
phia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Evaluation of the Dysmorphic Infant; Specific Chromosome
Disorders in Newborns

Pablo J. Sánchez, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Med-
icine and Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Depart-
ment of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center; Attending Physician, Parkland Memorial
Hospital and Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Toxoplasmosis, Syphilis, Malaria, and Tuberculosis

Harvey B. Sarnat, M.D., F.R.C.P.C.
Professor of Pediatrics (Neurology) and Pathology (Neu-
ropathology), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA;
Director, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Neuropatholo-
gist, and Director, Neuromuscular Pathology Laboratory,
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
Neonatal Neuromuscular Disorders

Richard J. Schanler, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
of Yeshiva University, Bronx; Chief, Neonatal-Perinatal
Medicine, Schneider Children’s Hospital at North Shore,
North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York
Enteral Nutrition for the High-Risk Neonate

Mark S. Scher, M.D.
Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology, Case Western
Reserve University School of Medicine; Division Chief,
Pediatric Neurology, and Director, Pediatric Sleep/Epilepsy
and Fetal/Neonatal Neurology Programs, Rainbow Babies
and Children’s Hospital, University Hospitals of Cleveland,
Cleveland, Ohio
Neonatal Seizures

Istvan Seri, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Southern California
Keck School of Medicine; Head, USC Division of Neona-
tal Medicine, and Medical Director, Institute of Maternal
and Fetal Health, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles and
the LAC � USC Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Los
Angeles, California
Acid-Base, Fluid, and Electrolyte Management; Cardiovascu-
lar Compromise in the Newborn Infant; Clinical Evaluation of
Renal and Urinary Tract Disease; Acute and Chronic Renal Fail-
ure; Renal Vascular Disease in the Newborn

Elaine C. Siegfried, M.D.
Associate Clinical Professor of Pediatrics and Dermatology,
Saint Louis University School of Medicine; Staff Physician,
Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
Newborn Skin: Development and Basic Concepts; Congenital
and Hereditary Disorders of the Skin; Infections of the Skin;
Common Newborn Dermatoses; Cutaneous Congenital Defects

Gary A. Silverman, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical
School; Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Impact of the Human Genome Project on Neonatal Care

Rebecca Simmons, M.D.
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylva-
nia School of Medicine; Attending Neonatologist, The
Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Hospital of the
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Abnormalities of Fetal Growth

Contributors
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†Deceased.

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