Autonomic Computing: Concepts, Infrastructure, and Applications PDF
Preview Autonomic Computing: Concepts, Infrastructure, and Applications
Autonomic Computing Concepts, Infrastructure, and Applications 9367_FM.indd 1 11/15/06 2:56:45 PM 9367_FM.indd 2 11/15/06 2:56:45 PM Autonomic Computing Concepts, Infrastructure, and Applications Edited by Manish Parashar Salim Hariri Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business 9367_FM.indd 3 11/15/06 2:56:45 PM CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487‑2742 © 2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid‑free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number‑10: 0‑8493‑9367‑1 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number‑13: 978‑0‑8493‑9367‑9 (Hardcover) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. 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For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Autonomic computing : concepts, infrastructure, and applications / editor(s): Manish Parashar and Salim Hariri. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN‑13: 978‑0‑8493‑9367‑9 (alk. paper) ISBN‑10: 1‑4200‑0935‑4 (alk. paper) 1. Autonomic computing. I. Parashar, Manish, 1967‑ II. Hariri, Salim. III. Title. QA76.9.A97A96 2007 004‑‑dc22 2006024028 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com 9367_FM.indd 4 11/15/06 2:56:46 PM P1:BinayaDash November13,2006 10:38 9367 9367˙C000 Dedication To Gowrie and Anushka - Manish Parashar To Sonia, Lana and George - Salim Hariri P1:BinayaDash November13,2006 10:38 9367 9367˙C000 P1:BinayaDash November13,2006 10:38 9367 9367˙C000 Preface Introduction: Advances in networking and computing technologies, and software tools have resulted in an explosive growth in applications and information services that influence all aspects of our life. These sophisti- cated applications and services are complex, heterogeneous, and dynamic. Further,theunderlyinginformationinfrastructure(e.g.,theInternet)globally aggregates large numbers of independent computing and communication resources,datastores,andsensornetworks,andisitselfsimilarlylarge,het- erogeneous,dynamic,andcomplex.Thecombinedscale,complexity,hetero- geneity,anddynamismofnetworks,systems,andapplicationshavemadeour computational and information infrastructures brittle, unmanageable, and insecure.Thishasnecessitatedtheinvestigationofanalternateparadigmfor systemandapplicationdesign,whichisbasedonstrategiesusedbybiologi- calsystemstodealwithsimilarchallenges—avisionthathasbeenreferred toasautonomiccomputing. TheAutonomicComputingParadigmhasbeeninspiredbythehumanauto- nomicnervoussystem.Itsoverarchinggoalistorealizecomputerandsoft- ware systems and applications that can manage themselves in accordance with high-level guidance from humans. Autonomic systems are character- izedbytheirself-*propertiesincludingself-configuration,self-healing,self- optimization,andself-protection.Meetingthegrandchallengesofautonomic computing requires scientific and technological advances in a wide variety offields,aswellasnewprogrammingparadigmsandsoftwareandsystem architectures that support the effective integration of the constituent tech- nologies.Thegoalofthishandbook,titled“AutonomicComputing:Concepts, Infrastructure and Applications,” is to give a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-artofthisemergingresearcharea,whichmanybelievetobethe next paradigm for designing and implementing future computing systems andservices. OverviewoftheHandbook:Thehandbookisorganizedintofourparts.PartI ofthehandbookfocusesonthe“TheAutonomicComputingParadigm”and includeschaptersthatpresentthevision,underlyingconcepts,challengesand requirements,andproposedarchitectures.InChapter1,AlanGanekprovides an overview of autonomic computing and its origins, evolution, and direc- tion. This chapter defines autonomic computing, i.e., creating systems that are self-aware and self-managing to help reduce management complexity, increase availability, and enhance flexibility. Starting from the premise that P1:BinayaDash November13,2006 10:38 9367 9367˙C000 allsystemscould,orindeed,shouldbeconstructedasautonomicsystems,in Chapter2,DavidW.BustardandRoySterrittpresentarequirementsengineer- ingperspectiveofautonomiccomputingandexaminetheimplicationsofthe requirementsofautonomicsystemsfromasoftwareengineeringperspective. In Chapter 3, Robbert van Renesse and Kenneth P. Birman argue that auto- nomicsystemscannotbebuiltsimplybycomposingautonomiccomponents, butthatanautonomicsystem-widemonitoringandcontrolinfrastructureis requiredaswell.InChapter4,ManishParasharinvestigatesthechallenges of emerging wide-area Grid environments and applications, and motivates self-management as a means for addressing these challenges. This chapter presents autonomic Grid computing solutions and sample autonomic Grid applications.Finally,inChapter5,JohnSweitzerandChristineDraperpresent anarchitectureforautonomiccomputinganddetailitsfourkeyaspects,i.e., process definition, resource definition, technical reference architecture, and applicationpatterns.Thechapterhighlightsthefundamentalfunctionsofthe “autonomicmanager”and“touchpoint”buildingblocksofthearchitecture, and summarizes an initial set of application patterns commonly found in autonomiccomputingsystems. Parts II and III of this handbook focus on achieving self-* properties in autonomic systems and applications. Part II presents different approaches andinfrastructuresforenablingautonomicbehaviors.InChapter6,TomDe Wolf and Tom Holvoet present a taxonomy of self-* properties for decen- tralized autonomic computing systems, and use the taxonomy to guide the design and verification of self-* properties. In Chapter 7, Richard Anthony etal.investigatetheuseofemergentpropertiesforconstructingautonomic systemsandrealizingself-*properties.InChapter8,SherifAbdelwahedand Nagarajan Kandasamy describes a more formal control theoretic approach usingmodel-basedcontrolandoptimizationstrategiestodesignautonomic computingsystemsthatcontinuallyoptimizetheirperformanceinresponse tochangingworkloaddemandsandoperatingconditions.Sincesomeauto- nomic applications cannot be built from scratch, it is necessary to transpar- ently introduce autonomic behaviors into existing composite systems with- outmodifyingtheexistingcode.InChapter9,S.MasoudSadjadiandPhilip K. McKinley address this requirement and describe transparent shaping to enable dynamic adaptations of existing applications. Chapter 10 addresses the design of self-* systems in which adaptive behavior can be specified as a set of externalized adaptation strategies. In this chapter, Peter Steenkiste andAn-ChengHuangpresentanarchitecturethatseparatesservice-specific knowledge, represented as a service recipe, from generic functionality, and supports automatic service-specific optimizations of a broad class of services. PartIIIofthehandbookpresentscoreenablingsystems,technologies,and servicesthatsupporttherealizationofself-*propertiesinautonomicsystems andapplications.InChapter11,HuaLiuandManishParasharetal.describe theAccordprogrammingsystemthatextendsexistingprogrammingsystems to enable the development of self-managing Grid applications by allowing P1:BinayaDash November13,2006 10:38 9367 9367˙C000 application and system behaviors to be dynamically specified at runtime. InChapter12,ThomasHeinisetal.describeaself-configuringcomposition engineforGridandWebservicesthatachievesself-configuring,self-tuning, and self-healing behaviors in the presence of varying workloads. Dynamic collaborationamongself-managingresourcesisakeyrequirementforsystem- level self-management. In Chapter 13, David Chess et al. establish a set of behaviors,interfaces,andpatternsofinteractionwithintheUnitysystemto support such dynamic collaborations. In Chapter 14, Karsten Schwan et al. describe the AutoFlow project designed to meet the critical performance requirements of distributed information flow applications. In Chapter 15, RobertAdamsetal.proposeanapproachforthemanagementoflargescale distributedservicesbasedonscalablepublish-subscribeeventsystems,scal- ableWS-baseddeployment,andmodel-basedmanagement.Theautonomic systemsandprototypesdescribedinthishandbookhavebeentypicallyim- plemented through middleware or through OS modifications. As an alter- nate,inChapter16,LenitraDurhametal.investigateautonomiccomputing support at the hardware/physical layer and describe platform support for autonomics. PartIV,thefinalpartofthishandbook,focusesonspecificrealizationsof self-*propertiesinautonomicsystemsandapplications.Chapter17,thefirst chapter in this part, studies how autonomic computing techniques can be used to dynamically allocate servers to application environments in a way that maximizes a global utility function. In this chapter, Daniel A. Menasce etal.presentasystemthatexhibitsself-*propertiesandsuccessfullyreallo- catesserverswhenworkloadchangesand/orwhenserversfail.Chapter18 examines how a managed execution environment can be leveraged to sup- portruntimesystemadaptations.Inthischapter,ReanGriffithetal.describe the Kheiron adaptation framework that dynamically attaches/detaches an enginecapableofperformingreconfigurationsandrepairsonatargetsystem while it executes. Kheiron remains transparent to the application and does not require recompilation of the application or specially compiled versions oftheruntime.InChapter19,ArjavChakravartietal.describetheOrganic Grid, which is a biologically inspired and fully decentralized approach to theorganizationofcomputation.OrganicGridisbasedontheautonomous scheduling of strongly mobile agents on a peer-to-peer network. Efficient and robust data streaming services are a critical requirement of emerging Grid applications, which are based on seamless interactions and coupling betweengeographicallydistributedapplicationcomponents.InChapter20, Viraj Bhat et al. present the design and implementation of a self-managing data-streaming service based on online control and optimization strategies. InChapter21,BithikaKharghariaetal.discusstheconstructionofanauto- nomicdatacenterusingautonomicclusters,serversanddevicecomponents, anddemonstrateautonomicpowerandperformancemanagementforathree tier data center. In Chapter 22, Guofei Jiang et al. propose a novel fault de- tectionmethodbasedontraceanalysisinapplicationservers.Theapproach usesvaried-lengthn-gramsandautomatatocharacterizenormaltracesand
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