Automotive Internetworking

388 Pages·2012·5.54 MB·English

by  Timo Kosch, Christoph Schroth, Markus Strassberger, Marc Bechler(auth.)

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AUTOMOTIVE
INTERNETWORKING
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Intelligent Transportation Systems
VANETVehicularApplicationsandInter-NetworkingTechnologies
HannesHartensteinandKennethP.Laberteaux(Eds.)
VehicularNetworking:AutomotiveApplicationsandBeyond
MarcEmmelmann,BerndBochowandC.ChristopherKellum(Eds.)
AutomotiveInternetworking
TimoKosch,ChristophSchroth,MarkusStrassbergerandMarcBechler
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AUTOMOTIVE
INTERNETWORKING
TimoKosch
BMWGroupResearchandTechnology,Germany
ChristophSchroth
AlumnusoftheUniversityofSt.Gallen,Switzerland
MarkusStrassbergerandMarcBechler
BMWGroupResearchandTechnology,Germany
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2012
©2012JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Automotiveinternetworking/TimoKosch...[etal.].
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-74979-1(hardback)
1. Vehicularadhocnetworks(Computernetworks) I.Kosch,Timo.
TE228.37.A98 2012
388.3(cid:2)12–dc23
2011042963
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
PrintISBN:9780470749791
Setin10/12ptTimesbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India
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Contents
Preface xi
ListofAbbreviations xiii
1 AutomotiveInternetworking:TheEvolutionTowardsConnectedand
CooperativeVehicles 1
1.1 EvolutionofIn-VehicleElectronics 1
1.2 MotivationforConnectedVehicles 4
1.3 Terminology 7
1.4 Stakeholders 10
1.5 OutlineofthisBook 10
References 12
2 ApplicationClassificationsandRequirements 13
2.1 ClassificationofApplicationsandtheirImplications 14
2.1.1 Driving-RelatedApplications 15
2.1.2 Vehicle-RelatedApplications 19
2.1.3 Passenger-RelatedApplications 22
2.2 RequirementsandOverallSystemProperties 25
2.3 OverviewonSuitableCommunicationTechnologies 28
2.3.1 CommunicationTechnologies 28
2.3.2 SuitabilityforAutoNetApplications 31
2.4 Summary 34
References 34
3 SystemArchitecture 37
3.1 DomainViewofAutoNets 37
3.2 ISO/OSIReferenceModelView 40
3.3 Profiling 42
3.4 StandardisedArchitectures 43
3.4.1 ArchitectureoftheC2CCommunicationConsortium(C2C-CC) 44
3.4.2 ISOTC204CALMArchitecture 45
3.4.3 ETSITCITSArchitecture:EN302655 47
3.4.4 IEEEWAVEArchitectureFeaturingIEEE802.11pand
IEEE1609.xStandards 49
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vi Contents
3.5 SubsystemArchitectures 50
3.5.1 VehicleArchitecture 51
3.5.2 RoadsideArchitecture 55
3.5.3 InfrastructureArchitecture 56
3.5.4 MobileDeviceArchitecture 61
3.6 Summary 62
References 63
4 Applications:FunctionalityandProtocols 65
4.1 ForesightedSafetyCaseStudy:EnvironmentalNotifications 67
4.1.1 DataCollectionandIndividualSituationAnalysis 68
4.1.2 CooperativeSituationAnalysis 71
4.1.3 DistributedKnowledgeManagement 73
4.1.4 IndividualRelevanceandInterfacetotheDriver 75
4.1.5 DataSecurityandPrivacy 77
4.1.6 ReliableEstimationoftheCurrentDrivingCondition 78
4.1.7 CommunicationandInformationDissemination 79
4.1.8 StandardisationIssues 80
4.2 ActiveSafetyCaseStudy:CooperativeCollisionAvoidanceand
IntersectionAssistance 81
4.2.1 DataCollection 82
4.2.2 SituationAnalysisandApplicationLogic 83
4.2.3 KnowledgeManagement 88
4.2.4 Communication 90
4.2.5 SecurityandPrivacy 93
4.2.6 DriverInteraction 95
4.3 GreenDrivingCaseStudy:TrafficLightsAssistance 98
4.3.1 GreenLightOptimalSpeedAdvisory 99
4.3.2 Example:TRAVOLUTION 107
4.4 BusinessandConvenienceCaseStudy:InsuranceandFinancialServices 107
4.4.1 AccidentManagementServices 108
4.4.2 ExamplesforInsuranceandFinancialServices(IFS) 116
References 118
5 ApplicationSupport 121
5.1 ApplicationSupportintheAutoNetGenericReferenceProtocolStack 121
5.2 CommunicationAspectsintheApplicationSupport 123
5.2.1 CAM:CooperativeAwarenessMessages 123
5.2.2 DENM:DecentralisedEnvironmentalNotificationMessages 125
5.3 AutoNetFacilities 125
5.3.1 ApplicationPlane 126
5.3.2 InformationPlane 128
5.3.3 CommunicationPlane 130
5.4 ImplementationIssuesfortheApplicationSupportLayer 131
5.5 Summary 133
References 133
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Contents vii
6 TransportLayer 135
6.1 TransportLayerIntegrationintheAutoNetGenericReference
ProtocolStack 135
6.1.1 AutoNetTransport 137
6.1.2 TCP,UDP 138
6.2 TCPinAutoNets 139
6.2.1 CongestionControlinTCP 140
6.2.2 ImpactofAutoNets 141
6.2.3 EnhancementsofTCPandTechnicalRequirements
forAutoNetScenarios 143
6.2.4 TheMOCCATransportProtocol 144
6.2.5 EvaluationResults 148
6.3 Summary 151
References 152
7 Networking 155
7.1 NetworkingPrinciplesintheAutoNetGenericReference
ProtocolStack 155
7.1.1 NetworkLayerFunctionalityinAutoNets 155
7.1.2 NetworkProtocolDataUnits 158
7.2 AutoNetAd-HocNetworking 160
7.2.1 AutoNetAd-HocNetworkCharacteristics 160
7.2.2 AutoNetAd-HocNetworkAddressingandRouting 165
7.2.3 Beaconing 176
7.2.4 NetworkUtilityMaximisationinAutoNets 177
7.3 AutoNetCellularNetworking 187
7.3.1 CommunicationArchitectureforAutoNetCellularNetworking 189
7.3.2 DeploymentStrategies 190
7.3.3 InteractionsandCross-LayerOptimisations 192
7.4 IPv6andMobilityExtensions 192
7.4.1 IPv6 193
7.4.2 MobilityExtensions 194
7.4.3 DeploymentIssues 197
References 200
8 PhysicalCommunicationTechnologies 205
8.1 WirelessNetworksintheAutoNetGenericReferenceProtocolStack 206
8.2 AutomotiveWLANandDSRC 208
8.2.1 SpectrumPolicies 209
8.2.2 IEEE802.11p 213
8.2.3 ETSIG5A 221
8.3 Utility-CentricMediumAccessinIEEE802.11p 221
8.3.1 DataDifferentiation 221
8.3.2 Inter-VehicleContention 222
8.3.3 Cross-LayerIssues 223
8.3.4 EvaluationofUtility-CentricMediumAccess 225
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viii Contents
8.4 TechnologyComparison 230
8.5 Conclusion 231
References 231
9 SecurityandPrivacy 233
9.1 Stakes,Assets,ThreatsandAttacks 235
9.1.1 StakeholdersandAssets 235
9.1.2 ThreatsandAttacks 236
9.2 ChallengesandRequirements 238
9.3 AutoNetSecurityArchitectureandManagement 241
9.4 SecurityServices 244
9.4.1 CryptographicMechanisms 244
9.4.2 DigitalSignatures 246
9.5 Certification 247
9.5.1 Trust 247
9.5.2 TrustedThirdPlatforms:CertificateAuthorities 249
9.5.3 CertificateGenerationandDistribution 250
9.5.4 CertificateRevocation 253
9.6 SecuringVehicles 253
9.7 SecureCommunication 254
9.7.1 SecureMessaging 254
9.7.2 SecureRoutingandForwarding 255
9.7.3 SecureGroupCommunication 255
9.7.4 PlausibilityChecks 255
9.8 Privacy 256
9.8.1 SecretInformation 256
9.9 Conclusion 258
References 259
10 SystemManagement 261
10.1 SystemManagementintheAutoNetGenericReferenceProtocolStack 261
10.2 FunctionalManagementBuildingBlocks 263
10.3 SelectedManagementIssuesofanAutoNetStation 264
10.3.1 Cost/BenefitManagement 264
10.3.2 CongestionControl 265
10.3.3 MobilityManagement 265
10.3.4 TCPManagement 268
10.4 ImplementationIssuesoftheManagementLayer 270
10.5 Summary 271
References 271
11 ResearchMethodologies 273
11.1 EarlyActivitiestoInvestigateAutoNets 274
11.1.1 ActivitiesattheUniversityofDuisburg 274
11.1.2 ActivitiesattheOhioStateUniversity 275
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Contents ix
11.2 Methodologies 277
11.2.1 ModelDomainsforAutoNets 278
11.2.2 DependencyExamples 280
11.3 SimulationMethodology 282
11.3.1 CommunicationNetworkSimulation 284
11.3.2 TrafficSimulation 287
11.3.3 ImplementationIssues 290
11.4 FieldOperationalTestingMethodology 298
11.4.1 ApplicationsandRequirements 300
11.4.2 SystemArchitecture 302
11.4.3 Trials 304
11.4.4 Analysis 306
11.5 Summary 307
References 307
12 Markets 309
12.1 CurrentMarketDevelopments 310
12.1.1 TechnologicalPush 311
12.1.2 EconomicPull 311
12.1.3 StakeholderAnalysis 312
12.2 Challenges 327
12.2.1 HarmonisationandStandardisation 328
12.2.2 LifeCycle 330
12.2.3 CostsandRevenuesinanEmergingBusinessEcosystem 330
12.2.4 CustomerAcceptance 331
12.3 DrivingtheEmergenceofaCoherentBusinessEcosystem 333
12.3.1 StrategiesfortheDevelopmentofaModularBusinessEcosystem 333
12.3.2 EarlyExamplesofTelematicBusinessEcosystems 339
12.4 Summary 342
References 342
13 ImpactandFutureProjections 345
A Appendix 351
A.1 StandardisationBodiesforAutoNets 351
A.1.1 ETSI 351
A.1.2 CEN 352
A.1.3 ISO 353
A.1.4 IETF 354
A.1.5 IEEE 354
A.1.6 Car2CarCommunicationConsortium 354
A.2 ResearchProjectsonAutoNets 355
A.2.1 EarlyActivities 355
A.2.2 TheeSafetyInitiative 358
A.2.3 COMeSafety 360
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x Contents
A.2.4 COOPERS 361
A.2.5 CVIS 361
A.2.6 SAFESPOT 363
A.2.7 SeVeCom 363
A.2.8 GeoNet 363
A.2.9 FRAME,E-FRAME 364
A.2.10 VIIandIntelliDrive 364
A.2.11 Travolution 365
A.2.12 Aktiv 365
A.2.13 PRE-DRIVEC2X 366
A.2.14 simTD 367
References 368
Index 369