Automatically typified superordinal and ordinal names for the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta) as recognized by Thorne (1992) and arranged following the principles of priority, autonymy, and the substitution of alternative names PDF
Preview Automatically typified superordinal and ordinal names for the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta) as recognized by Thorne (1992) and arranged following the principles of priority, autonymy, and the substitution of alternative names
Phyiologia(March 1993) 74(3):193-202. AUTOMATICALLY TYPIFIED SUPERORDINAL AND ORDINAL NAMES FOR THE FLOWERING PLANTS (MAGNOLIOPHYTA) AS RECOGNIZED BY THORNE (1992) AND ARRANGED FOLLOWING THE PRINCIPLES OF PRIORITY, AUTONYMY, AND THE SUBSTITUTION OF ALTERNATIVE NAMES James L. Reveal Department ofBotany, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-5815 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Using the most recent system of classification for flowering plsuits (Magnoliophyta)proposed by Thome (1992), superordinal euid ordinal names and their synonyms are arranged according to the principles of priority, autonymy, amd the substitution ofalternativenames. KEY WORDS: Magnoliophyta, nomenclature, classification, ordi- nal names INTRODUCTION Names above the rank of family are not subject to the rules of priority (Art. 11.4; Greuter et ai 1988). Nonetheless, Thorne (1992) has attempted to apply priority to ordinal names starting with Lindley (1833) even though he was aware that the majority of the names proposed by Lindley had been validly published by Dumortier (1829) four years earlier. The list of names presented below follows Thome's classification scheme, but adopts a modified principle ofpriority and the notion ofautonymy. The concept of substituting alternative names at the family level (Art. 18.5) is applied to superordinal and ordinal names. Also, I have retained technically illegitimate ordinal and superordinal names if the formerly illegitimate family name upon which they were based has been conserved (see App. IIB). Thorne (1992) adopted the concept of autonyms for ordinal names even though this is not mandated by the present Code for names above the rank 193 PHYTOLOGIA 194 volume 74(3):193-202 March 1993 of family. Thus, he took up Magnoliales (1838) rather than the earlier Lau- rales (1826) within Magnolianae. I have maintained this principle. Finally, an ordinal name is adopted only if the family name itself is accepted either because a particular family name is conserved (e.^., Saxifragales [1829] over Sedales [1828]) or because of a taxonomic decision (e.^., Asparagales [1838] over Asteliales [1829]). A series of footnotes is appended to the end of the cataloguejustifying why a particular name was adopted, or noting names ac- cepted here which are different from those given by Thome. The purpose of this exercise is to ascertain the nomenclatural affect of priority on names at the rank of order. If the concept of "names in current use" (Greuter 1991; Hawksworth 1991) is added tothe Codeat theforthcoming International Botanical Congress, then perhaps, in time, this concept can be expanded to include names above the rank of family. Having concentrated recently on vascular plant nomenclature at the family rank and above, I can attest to the difficulty of finding the earliest places of valid publication for these names. Rules in the Code are vague for names above the rank offamily and will require some revision. Thome's (1992) treatment is particularly useful for this nomenclatural ex- periment in that he recognized fewer superorders and orders than his contem- poraries, thereby making the impact ofpriority more significant on a case-by- case basis. By adopting the principle ofpriority, but considering it secondary to the principle of autonymy, and then accepting the principle that ordinal names based on alternative family names have equivalent priority as their al- ternative ordinal names, there is only minimal nomenclatural disruption. The most unfortunate name changes encounteredusing Thome's (1992) recent sys- tem of classification is that Dioscoreales (1876) must be replaced by Taccales (1829). Problems such as these can be addressed by conservation and/or the establishmentofanamesincurrentuselistforordinalnames. Inshort, priority has little significant nomenclature impact upon the established nomenclature ofordinal names. A catalogue of ordinal names with their full citation is now in its final stages ofpreparation and review. It is requestedthat additional names and/or corrections to the dates ofpublication given here be forwarded to me. CATALOGUE OF SUPERORDINAL AND ORDINAL NAMES I. Magnolianae Takhtajan, 1967 1. MagnolialesBromhead, 1838' NelumbonanaeTakhtajan exRe- Laurales Perleb, 1826 veal, 1992 ^Irrs/o/ocAta/esDumortier, 1829 RanunculanaeTakhtajan exRe- GyrocarpalesDumortier, 1829 veal, 1992 Monimiales Dumortier, 1829 Revesd: Superordinal and ordinad autonyms 195 Piperales Dumortier, 1829 AmaranthaleaDumortier, 1829 Annonales Lindley, 1833 Cactales Dumortier, 1829 CalycanthalesC. Martius, 1835 ChenopodialesDumortier, 1829 Asarales Burnett, 1835 Nyctaginales Dumortier, 1829 Canellales Cronquist, 1957 Portulacalea Dumortier, 1829 IllicialesH.H.Hu exCronquist, ScleranthalesDumortier, 1829 1981 Petiveriales Lindley, 1833 AustrobaileyalesTakhtajan ex Silenales Lindley, 1833 Reveal, 1992 Dianthales Burnett, 1835 ChloranthalesConzatti & L.C. Atriplicales Horaninow, 1847 Smith ex Reveal, 1992 Opuntiales Willkomm, 1854 EupomatialesTakhtajan exRe- V.TheanaeThorne exReveal, 1992 veal, 1992 LecythidanaeTakhtajan exRe- LactoridalesTakhtajan exRe- veal, 1992 veal, 1993 NepenthanaeTakhtajan exRe- WinteralesA.C. Smith ex Re- veal, 1992 veal, 1993 Plumbaginanae Takhtajan ex 2. Ceratophyllales Bischoff, Reveal, 1992 1840 PolygonanaeTakhtajan exRe- 3. NelumbonalesBurnett, 1835 veal, 1992 4. Paeoniales Heintze, 1927 PrimulanaeR. Dahlgren exRe- GlaucidialesTakhtajan exRe- veal, 1992 veal, 1992 Sarracenianae Thorne ex Re- 5. BerberidalesDumortier, 1829 veal, 1992 PodophyllalesDumortier, 1829 Dillenianae Takhtajan ex Re- RanunculalesDumortier, 1829 veal &; Takhtajan, 1993 Papaverales Dumortier, 1829 9. Theales Lindley, 1833^ Menisperma/eaBromhead, 1838 Hypericales Dumortier, 1829 Helleborales Nakai, 1949 Nepenthales Dumortier, 1829 II. Nymphaeanae Thome ex Re- Camelliales Burnett, 1835 veal, 1992 niicales Burnett, 1835 6. Nymphaeales Dumortier, SarracenialesBromhead, 1838 1829 Aquifohales Senft, 1856 Euryalales H.-L. Li, 1955 Elatinales Nakai, 1949 III. RafflesianaeThorne exReveal, Dilleniales Hutchinson, 1924 1992 Medusagynales Brenan, 1952 7. Rafflesiales Oliver, 1895^ Lecythidales Cronquist, 1957 Cytinalea Dumortier, 1829 AncistrocladalesTakhtajan ex MitrastemonalesMaiano, 1911 Reveal, 1992 Hydnorales Takhtajan ex Re- Actinidiales Takhtajan exRe- veal, 1992 veal, 1993 IV. CaryophyllanaeTakhtajan, 1967 Dioncophyllales Takhtajan ex 8. CaryophyllalesPerleb, 1826 Reveal, 1992 PHYTOL OGIA 196 volume 74(3):193-202 Marci 1993 Ochnales Hutchinson ex Re- PandalesEngler& Gilg, 1912- veal, 1993 1913 Paracryphiales Takhtajan ex Simmondsiales Reveail, 1992 Reveal, 1992 VIII. Violanae R. Dahlgren ex Re- 10. Ericales Dumortier, 1829 veal, 1992 Vacciniales Dumortier, 1829 21. Violales Perleb, 1826 Rhodorales Horaninow, 1847 Cistales Reichenbach, 1828 Empetrales Nakai, 1930 Begoniales Dumortier, 1829 11. Fouquieriales Takhtajan Cucurbitales Dumortier, 1829 ex Reveal, 1992 Datiscales Dumortier, 1829 12. Styracales Burnett, 1835 Passiflorales Dumortier, 1829 SapotalesJ.D Hooker mW.H. Samydales Dumortier, 1829 . Harvey, 1868 Tumerales Dumortier, 1829 Diospyrales Prantl, 1874 Bixalea Lindley, 1833 Ebenales Engler, 1892 Salicales Lindley, 1833 13. PrimulalesDumortier, 1829 Homaliales Bromhead, 1838 Samolales Dumortier, 1829 Laci5^emafa/e5Baskerville, 1839 Plumbaginales Lindley, 1833 TamaricalesHutchinson, 1924 Myrsinales Bromhead, 1838 Flacourtiales Heintze, 1927 14. Polygonales Dumortier, 1829 Caricales L. Benson, 1957 Rurrticales Burnett, 1835 22. BrassicalesBromhead, 1838' VI. Celastranae Takhtajan, 1967 Resedales Dumortier, 1829 15. CelastralesBaskerville, 1839 Capparales Hutchinson, 1924 VII. Malvanae Takhtajan, 1967 Tovariales Nakai, 1943 EuphorbianaeTakhtajan exRe- Salvadorales R. Dahlgren ex veal, 1992 Reveal, 1993 RhamnanaeTakhtajan exRe- 23. Batales Engler, 1907 veal, 1992 IX. Santalanae Thorne ex Reveal, UrticanaeTakhtajan exReveal, 1992 1992 Balanophoranae R. Dahlgren 16. Malvales Dumortier, 1829 ex Reveal, 1992 TUiales Hutchinson, 1924 24. SantalalesDumortier, 1829 17. Urticales Dumortier, 1829 Anthobolales Dumortier, 1829 Ficales Dumortier, 1829 Loranthales Dumortier, 1829 Ulmales Lindley, 1833 Olacales Bentham, 1862 18. Barbeyales Takhtajan ex Medusagynales Brenan, 1952 Reveal k Takhtajan, 1993 25. BalanophoralesDumortier, 19. RhamnalesDumortier, 1829 1829 Elaeagnales Bromhead, 1838 Cynomoriales Burnett, 1835 20. EuphorbialesLindley, 1833 X. Geranianae Thorne ex Reveal, Daphnales Lindley, 1833 1992 Crotonales Horaninow, 1847 26. Linales Baskerville, 1839 ThymelaealesWillkomm,1854 27. Rhizophorales Tieghem Reveal: Superordinal and ordinal autonyms 197 ex Reveal, 1993 TVochodendralesTakhtajan ex 28. GeranialesDumortier, 1829 Cronquist, 1981 . Balsaminales Lindley, 1833 Cercidiphyllales H.-H. Hu ei I Oxalidales Heintze, 1927 Reveal, 1993 Limnanthales Nakai, 1930 Eupteleales H.-H. Hu ex Re- TVopaeolalesTakhtajan exRe- veal, 1993 veal, 1992 33. Casuarinales Lindley, 1833 29. PolygalalesDumortier, 1829 34. Balanopales Engler, 1897 Vochysiales Dumortier, 1829 Didymelales Takhtajan, 1967 MalpighicdesC. Martius, 1835 DaphniphyllalesPuUe exCron- XI. Rutanae Takhtajan, 1967 quist, 1981 Fabanae R. Dahlgren ex Re- Buxales Takhtajan ex Reveal, b veal, 1992 1992 " 30. Rutales Perleb, 1826^ . 35. BrunialesDumortier, 1829 Papilionales Batsch, 1802 Roridulales Nakai, 1943 Citrales Dumortier, 1829 Gei33olomatalesTakhtajan ex Sapindales Dumortier, 1829 Reveal, 1992 TerebinihalesDumortier, 1829 Hydrostachyales Diels ex Re- Aceralea Lindley, 1833 veal, 1993 Coriarialea Lindley, 1833 Myrothamnales Nakai ex Re- Meliales Lindley, 1833 veal, 1993 Connarales Burnett, 1835 36. Juglandales Dumortier, 1829 Lotales Burnett, 1835 Myricales Engler, 1897 Mimosales Burnett, 1835 RhoiptelealesNovak exReveal, Aesculales Bromhead, 1838 1992 Fahales Bromhead, 1838 37. Betuiales Burnett, 1835^ Burserales Baakerville, 1839 Corylales Dumortier, 1829 Cassiales Horaninow, 1847 Quercales Burnett, 1835 Lettneriales Engler, 1897 Fagales Engler, 1892 Julianales Engler, 1907 38. Resales Perleb, 1826 Moringales Nakai, 1943 SanguisorhaleaDumortier, 1829 XII. Proteanae Takhtajan, 1967 Cro3sosomatale3Takhtajan ex 31. Proteales Dumortier, 1829 Reveal, 1993 XIII. Rosanae Takhtajan, 1967 39. SaxifragalesDumortier, 1829^ HamamelidanaeTakhtajan, 1967 Sedale3 Reichenbach, 1828 JuglandanaeTakhtajan exRe- Crassulales Lindley, 1833 veal, 1992 Gro33ulariale3 Lindley, 1833 Podostemonanae R. Dahlgren Droserales Grisebach, 1854 ex Reveal, 1992 DiapensialesEngler&: Gilg, 1924 TrochodendranaeTakhtajan ex Cephalotales Nakai, 1943 Reveal, 1992 Pamasstales Nakai, 1943 32. HamamelidalesGrisebach, Stylidiales Takhtajan ex Re- 1854 veal, 1992 198 P HYTO LO GIA voiume 74(3):193-202 March 1993 40. PodostemalesLindley, 1833® Carduales J.K. Small, 1903 Marathrales Dumortier, 1829 48. Campanulales Reichenbach. 41. CunonialesHutchinson, 1924 1828 XIV. Aralianae Takhtajan, 1967^ Brunoniales Lindley, 1833 Comanae Thorne ex Reveal, Goodeniales Lindley, 1833 1992 XVLSolananaeR.Dahlgren exRe- EucommianaeTakhtajan exRe- veal, 1992 veal, 1992 49. Solanales Dumortier, 1829 Vitanae Takhtajan exReveal, Boraginales Dumortier, 1829 1992 ConvolvulaleaDumortier, 1829 42. Brexiales Lindley, 1833^° Nolanales Lindley, 1833 Hortensiales Grisebach, 1854 PolemonialesBromhead, 1838 Hydrangeales Nakai, 1943 Echiales Lindley, 1846 43. Cornales Dumortier, 1829 XVII.Loasanae R. Dahlgren exRe- Vitales Burnett, 1835 veal, 1992 Haloragales Bromhead, 1838 50. Loasales Bessey, 1907 Garryales Lindley, 1846 XVIII. Myrtanae Takhtajan, 1967 EucommialesNemejc exCron- 51. MyrtalesReichenbach, 1828 quist, 1981 Onagrales Reichenbach, 1828 Aralidiales Takhtajan ex Re- Penaeales Lindley, 1833 veal, 1992 OenotheralesBromhead, 1838 Gunneralea Takhtajan ex Re- Combretales BaskerviUe, 1839 veal, 1992 Lythrales Oliver, 1895 44. PittosporalesLindley, 1833 Melastomatales Oliver, 1895 ByblidalesNakai exReveal, 1993 XIX. Lamianae Takhtajan, 1967'^ 45. Araliales Burnett, 1835 GentiananaeThorne exReveal, Angelicales Burnett, 1835 1992 Ammiales J.K. Small, 1903 52. Rubiales Dumortier, 1829 Apiales Nakai, 1930 AaclepiadalesDumortier, 1829 TorricellialesTakhtajan exRe- Cinchonales Lindley, 1833 veal, 1992 Gentianales Lindley, 1833 46. DipsacalesDumortier, 1829 Loganiales Lindley, 1833 Vibumalea Dumortier, 1829 Apocynales Bromhead, 1838 Caprifoliales Lindley, 1833 Galiales Bromhead, 1838 Valerianales Burnett, 1835 Vincales Horaninow, 1847 Lonicerales C. Baenitz, 1877 Chironiales Grisebach, 1854 Adoxales Nakai, 1949 Theligonales Nakai, 1942 XV. Asteranae Takhtajan, 1967 53. LamialesBromhead, 1838'** Campanulanae Takhtajan ex CallitrichalesDumortier, 1829 Reveal, 1992 Gesneriales Dumortier, 1829 47. Asterales Lindley, 1833^' GlobularialesDumortier, 1829 Ambrosiales Dumortier, 1829 Jasminales Dumortier, 1829 Calycerales Burnett, 1835 PinguicularalesDumortier, 182! ' Reveal: SupeTordined and ordinal autonyms 199 RhinanihalesDumortier, 1829 XXIL Triuridanae Thome ex Re- Veratrales Dumortier, 1829 veal, 1992 Acanthalea Lindley, 1833 60. TriuridalesJ.D. Hooker in Bignoniales Lindley, 1833 Le Maout & Decaisne, 1876 Lentihulariales Lindley, 1833 XXIILAlismatanaeTakhtajan, 1967 Oleales Lindley, 1833 Butomanae Takhtajan ex Re- Plantaginales Lindley, 1833 veal, 1992 Scrophulariales Lindley, 1833 Najadanae Takhtajan ex Re- Hippuridales Burnett, 1835 veal, 1992 Menthales Burnett, 1835 61. Alismatales Dumortier, 1829'^ Najadales Reichenbach, 1828 Ligustrales Bischoff, 1840 Verbenales Horaninow, 1847 HydrocharitalesDumortier, 1829 Butomales Hutchinson, 1934 [X. Lilianae Takhtajan, 1967 Vallisneriales Nakai, 1949 54. Liliales Perleb, 1826 Elodealea Nakai, 1950 IColchicalea Dumortier, 1829 62. Potamogetonales Dumortier, Iridales Dumortier, 1829 1829 ParidaUs Dumortier, 1829 Aponogetonales Hutchinson, 1934 Ixiales Lindley, 1836 JuncaginalesHutchinson, 1934 i4/a<roemeria/esHutchinson, 1934 CyTnodoceq.les Nakai, 1943 Melanihiales R. Dahlgren ex Posidoniales Nakai, 1943 Reveal, 1992 Zoaterales Nakai, 1943 55. BurtnannialesHeintze, 1927 Ruppiales Nakai, 1950 56. Asparagales Bromhead, 1838'"' ScheuchzerialesB. Boivin, 1956 Asteliales Dumortier, 1829 XXIV. Aranae Thome ex Reveal, Narciasales Dumortier, 1829 1992 AmaryllidcdeaBromhead, 1840 Cyclanthanae Thorne ex Re- Agavales Hutchinson, 1934 veal, 1992 Allialea Traub, 1972 63. Arales Dumortier, 1829 Hanguanales R. Dahlgren ex 64. Cyclanthales Nakai, 1930 I Reveal, 1992 65. Acorales Burnett, 1835 VellozialesR. Dahlgren exRe- XXV. Pandananae Thorne ex Re- I veal, 1992 veal, 1992 57. TaccalesDumortier, 1829' 66. Pandanales Lindley, 1833 Tamales Dumortier, 1829 XXVI. Arecanae Takhtajan, 1967 SmilacalesLindley,Nix. Pi 23. 67. ArecalesBromhead, 1840"^ 1833 Phoenicalea Burnett, 1835 Dio3coreales3.D. Hooker, 1876 Cocosales Nakai, 1930 58. Orchidales Dumortier, 1829 XXVII.CommelinanaeTakhtajan, XI. Hydatellanae Takhtajan ex 1967 Reveal, 1992 Bromelianae R. Dahlgren ex 59. Hydatellales Cronquist in Reveal, 1992 Takhtajan, 1980 Juncanae Takhtajan, 1967 PHYTOLOGIA 200 volume 74(3):193-202 March J993 PontederianaeTakhtajan exRe- Zingiberalea Grisebach, 1854 veal, 1992 72. CommelinalesDumortier Typhanae Thome ex Reveal, 1829 1992 Ephemerales Burnett, 1835 ZingiberanaeTakhtajan exRe- Xyridalea Lindley, 1846 veal, 1992 Erxocaulales Nakai, 1930 68. BromelialesDumortier, 1829 Mayacales Nakai, 1943 69. PhilydralesDumortier, 1829 73. Juncales Dumortier, 1829 PontedenalesJ.D. Hooker, 1876 Cyperales Burnett, 1835 HaemodoralesHutchinson, 1934 74. Poales Burnett, 1835 70. Typhales Dumortier, 1829 Gramtnales Dumortier, 1829 71. Cannaies Dumortier, 1829'^ Avenales Bromhead, 1838 Amomales Lindley, 1833 Reationales Perleb, 1S38 Muaales Burnett, 1835 NOTES ' The later Magnoliales (1838) is adopted over Laurales (1826) according to the principle of autonymy. ^ The later Rafflesiales (1895) is adopted over Cytinales (1829) according to the principle of autonymy. ' The later Theales (1833) is adopted over the earlier Hypericales (1829)1 and Nepenthales (1829) according to the principleof autonymy. ^ Brassicales (1838) is adopted over Resedales (1829) as Brassicales is con sidered to be an alternativenamefor the descriptiveordinal name, Cruciferae proposed by Perleb in 1826. ^ Rutales (1826) is retained over the earlier Papilionales (1802) according to the principle of autonymy. ^ Thome used Betulales (1835), a later name than Corylales (1829), bui as he did not accept Corylaceae, this name being rejected if combined with Betulaceae (App. IIB; Greuter et al. 1988), Betulales is retained. ^ Saxifragales(1829) isretained,ratherthanSedales(1828) becauseThornt did not accept Sedaceae. ^ Podostemales (1833) is retained, rather than Marathrales (1829) becaust Thome did not accept Marathraceae. ^ Aralianae (1967) has priority over Cornanae (1992), the name adoptee by Thorne. '^ Brexiales(1833) haspriorityoverHydrangeales(1943), thenameadopte( by Thorne. Reveal: SuperordinaJ and ordinal autonyms 201 " Asterales (1833) is adopted, rather than Ambrosiales (1829), accord- ing to the principle of autonymy and because Asteraceae is conserved over Ambrosiaceae (App. IIB; Greuter et al. 1988). '^ Lamianae(1967) haspriorityoverGentiananae(1992), thenameadopted by Thome. Lamiales (1838) is adopted over other competing names proposed in 1829 as Lamiales is an autonym ofLamianae. It may also be retained because Lamiales is an alternative name for the descriptive ordinal name, Labiatae, proposed by Dumortier in 1829. In any case, Scrophulariales (1833), adopted by Thome, is a latter name. '^ Asparagales (1838) is retained, rather than Asteliales (1829) because Thorne did not accept Asteliaceae. '^ Taccales(1829) has priorityoverboth Smilacales(1833) and Dioscoreales (1876). The latter name was adopted by Thorne. '^ The later Alismatales (1829) is adopted over Najadales (1828) according to the principleofautonymy. ''^ Arecales (1840) is adopted over Phoenicales (1835) because Arecales is considered tobean alternativenamefor the descriptiveordinal name, Palmae, proposed by Perleb in 1826, and Phoenicaceae was not accepted by Thorne. Cannales (1829) has priorityover Zingiberales (1854), the name adopted by Thorne, as does Musales (1835). ACKNOWLEDGMENT Thanks are extended to Dr. R.F. Thorne and Dr. J.H. Wiersema for re- newing the manuscript. Work on ordinal and plant family names in Europe nas supported by National Science Foundation Grant BSR-8812816. This is scientific ArticleA-6404, Contribution No. 8595, ofthe Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. LITERATURE CITED Dumortier, B.C.J. 1829. Analyse des Families des Plantes. J. Casterman, Tournay, France. Greuter, W. 1991. Proposals to amend the Code, and report of Special Committee6B: Provisionsforgrantingnomenclatural protection tolisted names in current use. Taxon 40:669-677. PHYTOLOGIA 202 volume 74(3):193-202 March 1993 Greuter, W., H.M. Burdet, W.G. Chaloner, V. Demoulin, R. GroUe, D.L Hawksworth, D.H. Nicolson, P.C. Silva, F.A. Stafleu, E.G. Voss, & J. McNeill (editors.). 1988. International Code of Botanical Nomen- clature, adopted by the Fourteenth International Botanical Congress, Berlin, July-August 1987. Regnum Veg. 118. Hawksworth, D.L. (ed.). 1991. Improving the Stability ofNames: Needs and Options. Regnum Veg. 123. Lindley,J. 1833. Nixus Plantarum. Ridgway & Sons, London, Great Britain. Thorne, R.F. 1992. Classification and geography of the flowering plants. Bot. Rev. 58:225-348. I
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