Automated Deduction—CADE-14: 14th International Conference on Automated Deduction Townsville, North Queensland, Australia, July 13–17, 1997 Proceedings

477 Pages·1997·8.122 MB·English

by  Wu Wen-Tsün (auth.), William McCune (eds.)

Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 1249
Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Edited by .J G. Carbonell and J. Siekmann
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Edited by G. Goos, J. Hartmanis and J. van Leeuwen
William McCune (Ed.)
Automated Deduction
CADE-14
14th International Conference
on Automated Deduction
Townsville, North Queensland, Australia
July 13-17, 1997
Proceedings
regnirpS
Series Editors
Jaime G. Carbonell, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
J6rg Siekmann, University of Saarland, Saarbrticken, Germany
Volume Editor
William McCune
Argonne National Laboratory, MCS-221
Argonne, IL 60439-4844, USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Automated deduction : proceedings / CADE-14, 14th International
Conference on Automated Deduction, Townsville, North Queensland,
Australia, July 13 - 17, 1997. William McCune (ed.). - Berlin ;
Heidelberg ; New York ; Barcelona ; Budapest ; Hong Kong ;
London ; Milan ; Paris ; Santa Clara ; Singapore ; Tokyo : Springer,
1997
(Lecture notes in computer science ; Vol. 1249 : Lecture notes in
artificial intelligence)
ISBN 3-540-63104-6
CR Subject Classification (1991): 1.2.3,E4.1
ISBN 3-540-63104-6 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
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Preface
This volume contains the papers being presented at the Fourteenth Interna-
tional Conference on Automated Deduction (CADE-14), held July 13-17, 1997,
in Townsville, North Queensland, Australia. The CADE conferences are the ma-
jor forum for presentation of new research in all aspects of automated deduction.
After many years as a biennial event (1980-1996), CADE-14 marks a return to
annual conferences.
Eighty-seven research papers and twenty-two system descriptions were sub-
mitted by researchers from fourteen countries. The papers covered a wide range
of topics, including resolution, term rewriting, unification theory, induction,
higher-order logics, nonstandard logics, artificial intelligence methods, and ap-
plications to software verification, geometry, and the social sciences. Each sub-
mission was reviewed by at least three program committee members, and an
electronic program committee meeting was held through the World Wide Web.
Constrained somewhat by our decision to do without parallel sessions, we ac-
cepted twenty-five research papers and seventeen system descriptions for presen-
tation at the conference.
I am pleased to announce that the Herbrand Award for distinguished con-
tributions to automated reasoning is being presented to Wu Wen-Tsiin for his
pioneering work on automated deduction in geometry. The Herbrand Award was
founded by CADE in 1992; the previous recipients have been Larry Wos (1992),
Woody Bledsoe (1994), and Alan Robinson (1996). The award is decided by the
program committee, the CADE board of trustees, and past recipients. Nomina-
tions for the award can be sent to the CADE president (currently Mark Stickel,
[email protected]) at any time.
Not covered in these proceedings are several important CADE-14 events. Six
workshops and four tutorial sessions are being offered. The second automated
theorem-proving system competition (CASC-14) is being organized by Christian
Suttner and Geoff Sutcliffe, and an induction system competition (CISC-14) is
being organized by David McAllester.
Many people are contributing to CADE-14, and I sincerely thank each of
them. Foremost is Geoff Sutcliffe, who is chairing the local arrangements com-
mittee, managing publicity, and obtaining substantial outside funding. The pro-
gram committee (in addition to evaluating the submitted papers) and the CADE
Trustees are advising me on many CADE issues. Eighty-five additional referees
enlisted by the program committee provided expert reviews of submitted papers.
Wu Wen-Tsiin and Moshe Vardi are giving invited lectures. Jieh Hsiang has con-
tributed a biography Of Professor Wu, which appears in the next few pages. Gall
Pieper and Judy Beumer, both of the Mathematics and Computer Science Divi-
sion, Argonne National Laboratory, are helping with these proceedings and with
publicity. Thanks to all.
mailliW McCune
41-EDAC margorP riahC
April 1997 ennogrA National yrotarobaL
Herbrand Award for
Distinguished Contributions to Automated Reasoning
Recipient: Professor Wu Wen-Tsiin
Jieh gnaisH
Center of Excellence for Research in Computer Systems
National Taiwan University
Taipei, Taiwan
The winner of this year's Herbrand Award, Professor Wu Wen-Tsiin, is a
member of the Academia Sinica~ Beijing, and the founder of the Mechanized
Mathematics Research Center of the Academia Sinica.
Wu is known in the automated deduction community for the method he
formulated in 1977, marking a breakthrough in automated geometry theorem
proving.
Geometry theorem proving was first studied in the 1950s by Herbert Gel-
ernter and his associates. Although some interesting results were achieved, the
field saw elttil progress for almost twenty years, until "Wu's method" was intro-
duced. In few areas of automated deduction can one identify a specific person
who turned the field around completely. Wu si clearly such a person. His work
started from the observation of the (well-known) correspondence between plane
geometry and analytic geometry. Specifically, one can transform a problem in
elementary geometry into a set of polynomials and, by solving the polynomials,
deduce the correctness of the theorem. This transformation of problems in geom-
etry into problems in algebra enables researchers to use a full range of algebraic
tools, which are much easier to automate than their counterparts in geometry.
Wu based his method on Ritt's principle and a zero structure theorem for solving
the polynomials. His method can be used not only to prove theorems in geometry,
but also to discover theorems and to find degenerated cases automatically.
Wu started his research on geometry theorem proving in 1976, near the con-
clusion of the Cultural Revolution. He implemented his method on a rather
primitive computer (the Great Wall 203 with 4K memory) in 1977 and proved
the Simson line theorem. When visiting the United States for the first time in
1979, Wu acquired a more sophisticated computer (the HP9835A with 256K
memory) and was able to prove more sophisticated problems, such as the Mor-
ley theorem. S. C. Chou introduced Wu's method to the West while studying at
the University of Texas in the early 1980s. Chou's prover proved several hun-
dred theorems and further demonstrated the power of Wu's method. Geometry
theorem proving was by then fully revived and became one of the most actively
researched and successful areas in automated deduction.
Wu continued refining and extending his method and added a dazzling ar-
ray of application domains whose proofs can be automated. They include plane
geometry, algebraic differential geometry, non-Euclidean geometry, affine geom-
etry, and nonlinear geometry. Not limiting the applications to geometry alone,
he also gave mechanical proofs of Newton's gravitational laws from Kepler's laws
and of problems in chemical equilibrium and robotics. Wu's work turned geome-
vii
try theorem proving from one of the less successful research areas in automated
deduction to one of the most successful. Indeed, there are few areas for which one
can claim that machine proofs are superior to human proofs. Geometry theorem
proving is such an area.
Born in Shanghai in 1919, Wu studied mathematics at the Shanghai Jiao-tung
University. His education was interrupted for five years by the Sino-Japanese
War. After the war, he entered the newly founded Institute of Mathematics of
the Academia Sinica and resumed research in mathematics under .S .S Chern.
In 1947, he went to the University of Strasbourg and studied topology under
C. Ehresmann. After completing his state thesis in 1949 (on Grassmannian man-
ifolds), he went to Paris and worked at the CNRS under E. Cartan. During his
stay in France, Wu gained recognition for his work in topology. For instance, Car-
tan attributed the discovery of the Cartan formula to Wu. Wu also introduced
what was later known as the Dold manifold.
After returning to China in 1951, Wu rejoined the Academia Sinica and
continued to work in algebraic and differential topology until the Cultural Rev-
olution. He made important contributions to the theory of Euclidean spaces and
Pontrjagin theory, among other areas. He also turned the important "rational
homotopy theory" created by D. Sullivan into algorithmic form, introducing a
new terminology called I*-functors. Indeed, Wu's contributions to topology are
no less significant than those to automated deduction.
The third area to which Wu made important contributions is the history of
Chinese mathematics. His studies initiated from an ancient classic Nine Chap-
ters of Arithmetic (dated about 001 B.C.) and its Annotations by Liu Hui (in
A.D. 263). Liu also extended an ancient method for calculating the height of
the sun, which appeared in the ancient script Zhoupi suanjin (The Calculus
of Zhoupi), to a general algorithm for calculating height, called Chongchashu
(Double-Difference Algorithm). Liu's results were stated without explanations
(or, more precisely, the explanations were lost) and were included in his book
Haidau suanjin (The Calculus of Islands). Wu compared the various scripts and
reconstructed the proofs of Liu's theorems in ancient style, quite different from
the usual Euclidean approach. He further argued that Chinese mathematics has
its own tradition, which is based on computation as opposed to the axiomatic
and proof approach of Western mathematics. To some extent, Wu's own work
on geometry theorem proving is a demonstration of how East meets West and
how the two trends of thought complement each other.
lllv
Invited Speakers
Professor Wu Wen-Ts/in Academia Sinica, Beijing, China
Professor Moshe Vardi Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
Program Committee
Leo Bachmair SUNY at Stony Brook
Hubert Comon LSV ~ CNRS
William .M Farmer The MITRE Corporation
Masayuki Fujita Mitsubishi Research Institute
Harald Ganzinger Max Planck Institute, Saarbriicken
Fansto Giunchiglia IRST, Trento
John Harrison University of Cambridge
Ryuzo Hasegawa Kyushu University
Steffen HSlldobler Technische Universitiit Dresden
Jieh Hsiang National Taiwan University
Deepak Kapur SUNY at Albany
Claude Kirchner INRIA Lorraine ~ CRIN
Christoph Kreitz Cornell University
Alexander Leitsch Technische Universitiit Wien
Reinhold Letz Technische Universitiit Miinchen
Rusty Lusk Argonne National Laboratory
Ursula Martin University of St Andrews
David McAllester A TfJ T Laboratories
William McCune (chair) Argonne National Laboratory
Lawrence C Paulson University of Cambridge
Prank Pfenning Carnegie Mellon University
Michael Rusinowitch INRIA Lorraine ~ CRIN
Johann Schumann Technische Universitiit Miinchen
Natarajan Shankar SRI International
John Slaney The Australian National University
Mark E. Stickel SRI International
Geoff Sutcliffe James Cook University
Tanel Tammet University of GSteborg
Andrei Voronkov Uppsala University
Lincoln A Wallen Oxford University
Christoph Walther Technische Hochschule Darmstadt
Dongming Wang LEIBNIZ-IMAG, Grenoble
Hantao Zhang University of Iowa
xI
Referees
.A .A Adams G. Dowek .D Lugiez C. Scharff
J.-I. Akahani .C Fermfiller .C Lynch R. Schmidt
I. Alouini J. Fleuriot P. Malacaria .S Schmitt
A. Armando .C Froidevaux .D Manocha J. Schneeberger
.M Baaz .B FronhSfer .H Mantel .S Schulz
P. Baumgartner .H Fujita F. Massacci R. Sebastiani
A. Bockmayr U. Furbach .S Matthews .L Serafini
.M P. Bonacina .O Gasquet P.-E. Moreau K. Stokkermans
S.-E. Bornscheuer T. Genet .R Nieuwenhuis A. Strohmaier
.A Boudet .S Gerberding A. Nonnengart J. Stuber
T. Boy de la Tour J. Giesl .Y Ohta K. Takahashi
.G Brewka .B Gramlich .C Owens .L Th~ry
R. Buendgen J. Hickey .S Owre .M Thielscher
.M Cadoli .H Hong .P Pecchiari P. Traverso
R. Caferra G.S. Huang G. Perrier H.-C. Tu
J. Calmet K. Inoue .D Plaisted .M VanInwegen
I. Cervesato T. Kolbe .L Puel K. Vershinin
A. Coglio .D Korn T. Rath .L Vigneron
I. Dahn .M Koshimura .C Ringeissen T. Walsh
G. D~fourneaux .P Lescanne K. Sakai .C Weidenbach
.A Degtyarev C.-J. Liao .G Salzer .A Wolf
.S Demri
Previous CADEs
CADE-1, Argonne National Laboratory, USA, .4791
(IEEE Trans. on Computers C-25(8)).
CADE-2. Oberwolfach, Germany, .6791
CADE-3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, .7791
CADE-4. University of Texas at Austin, USA, .9791
CADE-5. seL Arcs, France, 1980 (Springer-Verlag LNCS 87).
CADE-6. Courant Institute, USA 1982 (Springer-Verlag LNCS 138).
CADE-7. Napa, California, USA, 1984 (Springer-Verlag LNCS 170).
CADE-8 University of Oxford, UK, 1986 (Springer-Verlag LNCS 230).
CADE-9. Argonne National Laboratory, USA, 8891 (Springer-Verlag LNCS 310).
CADE-10, Kaiserslautern, Germany, 1990 (Springer-Verlag LNAI 449).
CADE-11, Saratoga Springs, New York, USA, 1992 (Springer-Verlag LNAI 607).
CADE-12, Nancy, France, 1994 (Springer-Verlag LNAI 814).
CADE-13, Rutgers University, USA, 1996 (Springer-Verlag LNAI .)4011
CADE Inc. Trustees
Alan Bundy (CADE-12) University of hgrubnidE
Deepak Kapur (CADE-11) SUNY at Albany
Claude Kirchner (CADE-15) INRIA Lorraine r~ CRIN
H~l~ne Kirchner (CADE-15) INRIA Lorraine 4~ CRIN
William McCune (CADE-14) Argonne National Laboratory
Neil Murray (Secretary/Treasurer) SUNY at Albany
John Slaney (CADE-13) ehT Australian National University
Mark Stickel (President, CADE-10) SRI International
Local Arrangements Committee
Anand Rao Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute
Michelle Rush James Cook University
Abdul Sattar Griffith University
Geoff Sutcliffe (chair) James Cook University
CADE Sponsors
Automated Reasoning Project, The Australian National University
Australian Tourist Commission
Townsville City Council
Department of Computer Science, The University of Melbourne
Department of Computer Science, Monash University
Australian Artificial Intelligence Institute
Department of Computer Science, University of Wollongong
Neurocomputing Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology
Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Department of Computer Science, James Cook University of North Queensland
Sun Education Australia
Contents
Session 1: Invited Lecture
The Char-Set Method and Its Applications to Automated Reasoning ....... 1
Wu Wen- Tsiin
Session 2
Decidable Call by Need Computations in Term Rewriting .................. 4
L Durand, A. Middeldorp
A New Approach for Combining Decision Procedures for the Word Problem,
and Its Connection to the Nelson-Oppen Combination Method ............ 19
F. Baader, .C Tinelli
On Equality Up-to Constraints over Finite Trees, Context Unification,
and One-Step Rewriting .................................................. 34
J. Niehren, M. Pinkal, P. Ruhrberg
Session 3: System Descriptions
Dedam: A Kernel of Data Structures and Algorithms for
Automated Deduction with Equality Clauses .............................. 49
R. Nieuwenhuis, J. M. Rivero, M. A. VaUejo
The Clause-Diffusion Theorem Prover Peers-mcd .......................... 53
M. P. Bonacina
Integration of Automated and Interactive Theorem Proving in ILF ........ 57
B. L Dahn, J. Gehne, Th. Honigmann, A. Wolf
ILF-SETHEO: Processing Model Elimination Proofs for
Natural Language Output ................................................ 61
A. Wolf, J. Schumann
SETHEO Goes Software Engineering: Application of ATP to
Software Reuse ........................................................... 65
B. Fischer, J. Schumann
Proving System Correctness with KIV 3.0 ................................ 69
W. Reif, .G Schellhorn, K. Stenzel
Session 4
A Practical Symbolic Algorithm for the Inverse Kinematics of
6R Manipulators with Simple Geometry .................................. 73
L. Yang, H. Fu, Z. Zeng
Automatic Verification of Cryptographic Protocols with SETHEO ......... 87
J. Schumann