Autoecology and ecophysiology of woody shrubs and trees : concepts and applications PDF
Preview Autoecology and ecophysiology of woody shrubs and trees : concepts and applications
TrimSize:170mmx244mm Maiti104445 ffirs.tex V3-02/25/2016 6:40P.M. Pagei (cid:2) Autoecology and ecophysiology of woody shrubs and trees (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) TrimSize:170mmx244mm Maiti104445 ffirs.tex V3-02/25/2016 6:40P.M. Pageii (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) TrimSize:170mmx244mm Maiti104445 ffirs.tex V3-02/25/2016 6:40P.M. Pageiii (cid:2) Autoecology and ecophysiology of woody shrubs and trees Concepts and applications EDITED BY Ratikanta Maiti UniversidadAutónomadeNuevoLeón (cid:2) (cid:2) NuevoLeón,Mexico Humberto González Rodríguez UniversidadAutónomadeNuevoLeón NuevoLeón,Mexico Natalya Sergeevna Ivanova BotanicalGardenofUralBranchoftheRussianAcademyofSciences Yekaterinburg,Russia (cid:2) TrimSize:170mmx244mm Maiti104445 ffirs.tex V3-02/25/2016 6:40P.M. Pageiv (cid:2) Thiseditionfirstpublished2016©2016byJohnWiley&SonsLtd Registeredoffice:JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex, PO198SQ,UK Editorialoffices:9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK 111RiverStreet,Hoboken,NJ07030-5774,USA Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowtoapplyfor permissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteat www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. Therightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewiththe UKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,or transmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise, exceptaspermittedbytheUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthe publisher. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.Allbrand namesandproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregistered trademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendor mentionedinthisbook. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthor(s)haveusedtheirbesteffortsin preparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespecttotheaccuracyor completenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimanyimpliedwarrantiesof merchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthepublisherisnot engagedinrenderingprofessionalservicesandneitherthepublishernortheauthorshallbeliablefor damagesarisingherefrom.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofa competentprofessionalshouldbesought. (cid:2) (cid:2) LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisappliedfor ISBN:9781119104445 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynot beavailableinelectronicbooks. Setin9.5/13pt,MeridienLTStdbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India. 1 2016 (cid:2) TrimSize:170mmx244mm Maiti104445 .tex V3-02/25/2016 7:09P.M. Pagev (cid:2) Contents Preface,vii Listofcontributors,ix 1 Background,1 PartI: 2 Autoecology,15 3 Vegetationandbiodiversity,25 4 Casestudy:AtriptoregionsofbiodiversityandrainforestinRivieraMaya,31 5 Planttraits,42 6 Leaftraits,74 7 Woodcharacteristics,83 (cid:2) (cid:2) 8 Phenology,111 9 Phenology,morphologyandvariabilityinpollenviabilityoffourwoody species(Cordiaboissieri,Parkinsoniatexana,P.aculeataandLeucophyllum frutescens)exposedtoenvironmentaltemperature,north-easternMexico,124 10 Pollenbiologyandplantproductivity:Areview,133 11 Seedcharacteristics,158 12 Treemortality,162 13 Planttraitsrelatedtotheproductivityoftrees,168 PartII: 14 Ecophysiology,181 15 Researchadvancesinplantecophysiology,190 16 Carboncapture,carbonsequestrationandcarbonfixation,199 17 Plantnutrients,220 18 Litterfallandforestproductivity,238 19 Nutrientcycling,244 v (cid:2) TrimSize:170mmx244mm Maiti104445 .tex V3-02/25/2016 7:09P.M. Pagevi (cid:2) vi Contents 20 Plantwaterrelationsandforestproductivity,248 21 Coldtoleranceoftrees,261 22 Heatstresstoleranceoftrees,266 23 Seedcharacteristics,seeddormancy,germinationandplantpropagation,270 24 Rootgrowth,278 25 FeaturesofborealforestinRussia:Aspecialstudy,285 26 Casestudy:Autoecology,biodiversityandadaptivecharacteristicsofProsopisin theArizonaregion,312 Appendix1:LeafMorphology,325 Index,333 (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) TrimSize:170mmx244mm Maiti104445 f03.tex V3-02/25/2016 6:41P.M. Pagevii (cid:2) Preface Forest trees and shrubs play a vital role Autoecology deals with all aspects of the as important sources of our daily needs; dynamism of populations, the physiologi- and they also serve as a life-saver by cal traits of trees, their light requirements, their capture of CO , thereby reducing their life history pattern and their phys- 2 the atmospheric carbon load. At the same iological and morphological characters time, they use CO in the process of pho- (Fetcher et al., 1994). On the other hand, 2 tosynthesis and they store carbon in their ecophysiology is defined by growth in biomass and wood as a source of energy. terms of various plant parameters, such However, adverse climatic conditions, as leaf traits, xylem water potential, plant increasing global warming associated with height, basal diameter, crown architecture constant emission of greenhouse gases, andsoon,whichareinfluencedbyseveral illegal logging, human activities, burning physiologicaltraitsandtheenvironmental fossil fuels, expanding agriculture, high conditions of the forest ecosystem. This temperatures, global warming, cyclones, alsoinvolvesvariousfunctional,physiolog- (cid:2) water and cold stress affect the growth of ical, biochemical and biophysical aspects (cid:2) trees and shrubs in the forests prevailing of woody trees for plant productivity. In indifferentregionsoftheworld. this regard, there is a great necessity to Forests save our lives by absorbing and determine the variability of physiological reducing the CO load liberated in the functions among tree species and their 2 lower horizon of the atmosphere through adaptation to the prevailing environ- the process of photosynthesis, liberating mental conditions. A clear understanding oxygenforourrespirationandstoringcar- of different facets of autoecology and bonintheirwood,importantforthewood ecophysiology will help forest scientists industry. This situation in turn endangers and foresters in the efficient manage- the security of mankind and animals, ment and protection of trees in a forest reduces crop productivity and enhances ecosystem. hunger and poverty in the world. There The main objectives are to provide is a great necessity for protecting for- various aspects of autoecology and eco- est resources against all these untoward physiology. In both cases, we discuss and menaces. Concerted research activities in presentresearchadvancesobtainedinallof multidisciplinaryfacetsneedtobedirected themajorforestsofthePlanet:temperate, toprotectourforesttreasures. tropical and alpine regions of the world, Atthisjuncture,thereisagreatnecessity withsupportingliteratureonallaspectsof to study the autoecology and ecophysiol- autoecologyandecophysiologymentioned ogyoftreespeciesintheforestecosystem. herein. With respect to autoecology, we vii (cid:2) TrimSize:170mmx244mm Maiti104445 f03.tex V3-02/25/2016 6:41P.M. Pageviii (cid:2) viii Preface describethebranchingpatternsandcrown forest trees and to plan future research. architecture necessary for the capture of Besides, it is expected that this book will solarradiation,thevariabilityinleaftraits, find a place among researchers, academic leafanatomy,woodanatomy,phenological scholars, undergraduate and graduate stu- eventsrelatedtothegrowth,development dents in disciplines related to agronomy, and maintenance of the life cycle and the biology, forest science and range man- seedcharacteristicsandplanttraitsrelated agement. It will also be useful for policy toplantproductivity. makers as a ready reference as well as Withrespecttoecophysiologywereport for retrieving detailed information on the results on leaf pigments, leaf nutrients, plant species documented which support carbon sequestration (carbon fixation), forest and range ecosystems for different plant–water relations and factors affecting uses and purposes such as forage, timber, plant productivity. As mentioned earlier, charcoal, shelter, reforestation and soil we provide published research advances erosionprevention. and original research results in various topics. These used different approaches Bibliography in their research: physiological, popula- tion and ecosystem approaches. A global Fetcher, N., Oberbauer S.T., Chazdon, R.L. integrated approach is complemented 1994. Physiological ecology of plants at La by modern methods and statistical data Selva. In: Lucinda A. McDade, Kamaljit S. analysis. In a nutshell, this book contains Bawa, Henry A. Hespenheide and Gary S. (cid:2) research advances on various aspects of (cid:2) (eds.). LaSelva:EcologyandNaturalHistoryof woody plants required by forest scien- aNeotropicalRainforest.UniversityofChicago tists and foresters to manage and protect Press,Chicago.pp.128–141. (cid:2)
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