Authors, Audiences, and Old English Verse PDF
Preview Authors, Audiences, and Old English Verse
AUTHORS, AUDIENCES, AND OLD ENGLISH VERSE This page intentionally left blank THOMAS A. BREDEHOFT Authors, Audiences, and Old English Verse UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London ©University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2009 Toronto Buffalo London www.utppublishing.com Printed in Canada ISBN 978-0-8020-9945-7 Printed on acid-free, 100% post-consumer recycled paper with vegetable-based inks. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Bre dehoft, Thomas A. Authors, audiences, and Old English verse / Thomas A. Bredehoft. (Toronto Anglo-Saxon series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8020-9945-7 (bound) 1. English poetry – Old English, ca. 450–1100 – History and criticism. 2. English language – Old English, ca. 450–1100 – Versification. I. Title. II. Series: Toronto Anglo-Saxon series PE257.B72 2009 829'.1009 C2009-902894-8 University of Toronto Press gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance of the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto, in the publication of this book. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publish- ing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial support for its publish- ing activities of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP). To the memory of Nick Howe, whose teaching, influence, and advice so literally made it possible. And to Rosemary Hathaway, whose living influence makes so many other things possible. This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface ix Bibliographical Note xv Acknowledgments xvii Introduction: Authorship and Anonymity in Old English Verse 3 1 Manuscript Audiences and Other Audiences 39 2 The Audience for Saxon Songs in the Late Ninth Century 65 3 Literate Poetic Composition in Tenth-Century Classical Poems 104 4 What Has Ælfric to Do with Maldon? 146 5 Eleventh-Century Traditions of Formulaic Composition 171 6 Conclusion 199 Appendix: Two Unrecognized Late Old English Poems 208 Works Cited 217 Index 231 This page intentionally left blank
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