Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans during World War I PDF
Preview Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans during World War I
Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans during World War I This page intentionally left blank Austro-Hungarian War Aims in the Balkans during World War I Marvin Benjamin Fried Department of International History, London School of Economics © Marvin Fried 2014 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 2014 978-1-137-35900-1 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-47143-0 ISBN 978-1-137-35901-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137359018 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India. Dedicated to my family This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Illustrations ix Preface x Acknowledgements xi List of Principal Characters xii Glossary and Abbreviations xvi Map of the Balkans, 1914 xviii 1 Introduction 1 2 War Aims and Decision-Making in Austria-Hungary 6 Decision-Making in Austria-Hungary 6 Austria-Hungary and War-Aims Research 9 3 July 1914–December 1914 23 Introduction 23 Western Balkans 24 Eastern Balkans 30 Conclusion 58 4 January 1915–September 1915 59 Introduction 59 Western Balkans 61 Eastern Balkans 71 Conclusion 105 5 October 1915–June 1916 107 Introduction 107 The Effects of Victory in the Balkans 108 Austro–German Disputes in Serbia 113 Austro-Hungarian Internal Debates Prior to the GMR 124 The Common Ministerial Council of January 7, 1916 129 Continuing Uncertainty about Montenegro and Albania 136 The Austro–Bulgarian Clash 144 Tisza Fights AOK Annexationism in Serbia 153 Burián Fights AOK Annexationism in Albania 161 Conclusion 167 6 June 1916–May 1917 169 Introduction 169 From Consolidation to Decline: June 1916–January 1917 170 viii Contents Reevaluation: New Leaders and the Quest for Peace – January 1917–May 1917 193 Conclusion 214 7 May 1917–November 1918 215 Czernin’s Offensive Aims Despite Peace Policy 215 Karl’s Meddling Undermines Czernin’s Secretive Approach 219 AOK and Hungarian Territorial Aims 220 Burián and Final AOK Annexationism 223 Final War Aims and Collapse 228 8 Conclusion 231 Notes 235 Bibliography 272 Index 287 List of Illustrations Figure 2.1 Drivers and influences on the war-aims setting process 8 Extended Illustration Section (pp. 17–22) 1 Austrian Emperor and Apostolic King of Hungary Franz Joseph I 17 2 Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Count Leopold Berchtold 17 3 Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Baron (later Count) István Burián 18 4 Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Count Ottokar Czernin 18 5 Hungarian Prime Minister Count István Tisza 19 6 Austro-Hungarian Chief of the General Staff Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf 19 7 Austro-Hungarian Chief of the General Staff Arthur Arz von Straussenburg 20 8 German High Command 20 9 German Chief of the General Staff Erich von Falkenhayn 21 10 German Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg 21 11 German State Secretary for Foreign Affairs Gottlieb von Jagow 22 12 Bulgarian King (or Tsar) Ferdinand I 22 13 Bulgarian Foreign Minister Vasil Radoslavov 22 ix
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