Table Of Content

2000 YEAR BOOK AUSTRALIA 2000 YEAR BOOK AUSTRALIA W. McLennan Australian Statistician NUMBER 82 AUSTRALIAN BUREAU OF STATISTICS CANBERRA ABS Catalogue No. 1301.0 ISSN 0312–4746 © Commonwealth of Australia 2000 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under theCopyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without permission fromAusInfo. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Manager, Legislative Services,AusInfo, GPO Box 84, Canberra ACT 2601. In all cases the ABS must be acknowledged as the source when reproducing or quoting any part of an ABS publication or other product. Photograph: Homebush Stadium (courtesy of Julian Andrews, Sun Herald). Table of Contents Chapter Page Preface vii Introduction ix Special Article—Two great Commonwealth Statisticians xi 1 Geography and climate 1 Special Article—Climate and the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games 22 2 Government 25 3 International relations 43 4 Defence 65 5 Population 73 6 Labour 107 7 Income and welfare 149 Special Article—Income support payments in Australia 185 8 Housing 192 9 Health 213 10 Education and training 261 Special Article—Education and training Australia’s Workers 291 11 Crime and justice 297 12 Culture and recreation 329 Special Article—Sporting Australians 362 13 Industry overview 369 14 Environment 383 15 Agriculture 405 Special Article—A hundred years of Australian agriculture 442 16 Forestry and fishing 453 17 Mining 475 18 Energy 493 Special Article—Reforms in the Australian electricity and gas industries 509 19 Manufacturing 515 20 Construction 531 Special Article—Stadium Australia 546 21 Service industries 549 Special Article—Gambling in Australia 578 22 Tourism 583 23 Transport 599 24 Communications and information technology 619 Special Article—Real time: computers, change and schooling 634 25 Science and innovation 641 26 Financial system 663 27 Government finance 687 28 Prices 717 29 National accounts 733 30 International accounts and trade 757 Year Book Australia 2000 vii Preface Year Book Australiais the principal reference work produced by Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). It provides a comprehensive statistical overview of various aspects of the economy and social conditions in Australia, together with their administrative and legislative background. In addition, it contains descriptive matter dealing with Australia’s government, international relations, defence, geography and climate. The first Official Year Book of the Commonwealth was published in 1908, although individual Australian States and colonies had been producing year books for several decades previously. The statistics contained in this edition are the most recent available at the time of its preparation. More detailed and, in many cases, more recent statistics are available in the publications of the ABS and otherorganisations. The sources of information are shown throughout and at the end of chapters of theYear Book, while theABS Catalogue of Publications and Products(1101.0) lists all current publications of the ABS. ABS publications draw extensively on information provided freely by individuals, businesses, governments and otherorganisations. Their continued cooperation is very much appreciated. Particular thanks and appreciation are extended to thoseorganisationswhich have kindly supplied material for inclusion in this 2000 edition ofYear Book Australia. The year 1999 marked the passing of two men, Keith Archer and Jack O’Neill, who were great statisticians and leaders of the Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics (forerunner of the ABS). An article about them is included after the Introduction to this edition ofYear Book Australia. Australian Bureau of Statistics Canberra W. McLennan January 2000 Australian Statistician Year Book Australia 2000 ix Introduction Y ear Book Australiaprovides a comprehensive comprehensive overview of Australia, they overview of the economic and social represent only a relatively small part of the conditions of contemporary Australia. It is a statistics and other information available. The statistically oriented publication with sufficient Year Bookis aimed primarily at providing a ready background information to establish a context for and convenient source of reference, to those the statistics and to assist in understanding and both familiar and unfamiliar with a particular interpreting them. subject. In other words, because of the range of subjects, and limitations on the size of the Many of the statistics are derived from the ABS, Year Book,it aims at breadth rather than depth of the official statistical agency which produces the information. Year Book. However, a great deal of the information is also contributed by other, For those requiring information in greater depth, predominantly government, organisations. The theYear Book also serves as a directory to more official nature of the contributors to theYear detailed sources, with the source shown for each Bookensures a high degree of objectivity and statistical table, graph and map. Where the ABS is reliability in the picture presented of the source, the title and catalogue number of the contemporary Australia. relevant publication are quoted. For other sources, the name of the organisation is shown, TheYear Bookalso presents some historical and and the publication title where appropriate. international perspectives on Australia. Relevant ABS and other publications are also listed at the end of each chapter. A useful This current (82nd) edition is the latest in a long complementary publication is theABS Catalogue series of Year Books extending back to the first of Publications and Products(1101.0) which lists edition in 1908. This series provides a valuable all current publications and products of the ABS. source of information on the state of Australia at any particular point in this period. Year Books or Statistical Summaries produced by the ABS for States and Territories provide Year Book Australia 2000is also available on information similar to that contained in CD-ROM. Its contents are included in Australia Year Book Australia,for the State or Territory Now—A Statistical Profile on the ABS Internet site concerned. at http://www.abs.gov.au In many cases, the ABS can also provide Finding information information which is not published or which is compiled from a variety of published and The contents pages at the beginning of the unpublished sources. Information of this kind Year Book and preceding each chapter provide a may be obtained through the Information guide to the broad subjects contained in each Consultancy Service. Charges are generally made chapter. The index assists in locating information for such information. Inquiries may be made by on more specific subjects.AlistofSpecialArticles contacting the Inquiries area of the nearest ABS which have appeared in previous editions is office (see page762). contained at the end of the Year Book. A collection of Special Articles is included in The annual reports of government departments Australia Now—A Statistical Profile on the ABS and agencies also provide a valuable source of Internet site. more detailed information on subjects covered in theYear Book. The tables and graphs in a chapter are numbered and the text is cross-referenced, as necessary, to For a variety of reasons, it is not possible for all the table or graph to which it relates. statistics in theYear Bookto relate to the latest or the same year. Readers wishing to obtain or Further information clarify the latest available statistics should contact While the statistics and descriptive information the relevant source. contained in theYear Bookprovide a x Year Book Australia 2000 Comments from readers The following abbreviations are used for the titles of the Australian States and Territories and The ABS endeavours to keep the balance of the Australia: contents of theYear Book in line with the ever-changing nature of the nation. For this NSW New South Wales reason comments on the adequacy and balance of the contents of the Year Book are welcomed Vic. Victoria and should be directed to the attention of the Editor of the Year Book, AustralianBureau of Qld Queensland Statistics, PO Box 10,Belconnen ACT 2616. WA Western Australia Symbols and abbreviations SA South Australia The following symbols, where shown in columns of figures or elsewhere in tables, mean: Tas. Tasmania n.a. not available NT Northern Territory n.y.a not yet available ACT Australian Capital Territory – nil or rounded to zero Aust. Australia . . not applicable n.p. not available for separate publication (but Yearly periods shown, for example, as 1998, refer included in totals where applicable) to the year ended 31 December 1998; those shown, for example, as 1998–99, refer to the year p preliminary—figures or series subject to ended 30 June 1999. Other yearly periods are revision specifically indicated. The range of years shown in the table headings, for example, 1901 to r figures or series revised since previous 1998–99, indicates the period covered, but does issue not necessarily imply that each intervening year is included or that the yearly period has remained n.e.i. not elsewhere included the same throughout the series. n.e.c. not elsewhere classified Values are shown in Australian dollars ($) or cents (c) unless another currency is specified. n.e.s. not elsewhere specified Where figures have been rounded, discrepancies — break in continuity of series (where may occur between sums of the component drawn across a column between two items and totals. consecutive figures) * subject to high standard errors and should be used with caution ** subject to sampling variability too high for practical purposes (i.e. relative standard error greater than 50%) $m $ million $b $ billion (thousand million)