Australian species of Solenoceridae (Penaeoidea: Decapoda)

35 Pages·1999·11.2 MB·English

AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF SOLENOCERIDAE (PENAEOIDEA: DECAPODA)
W. DALL
Dall,W. 19990630:AustralianspeciesofSolenoceridae(Penaeoidea: Decapoda).Memoirs
ofthe QueenslandMuseum 43(2): 553-587. Brisbane. ISSN 0079-8835.
Twenty-seven species ofSolenoceridae from Australian seas, including one new species,
have been identified (* indicates new records): *Ctyptopenaeas clevat, C. crosnieri,
Gordonella kensleyi, G. paravillosa, Hadropenaeus lucasi, Haliporoides cristatus,
H.sibogae,*Haliporustaprohanensis,*Hymenopenaeusaequalis,H. halli,*H. neptunus,
II. propinquus, Mesopenaeus brucei, *So/enocera alfbnso, *S, annectans, S. australiana,
*S. barunajaycu *S. bifurcata sp.nov., S. choprai, *S. comata, S.faxoni, *S. koelbeli, *S.
melantho, *S. moosai, *S.pectinata, *S. pectinulata, S. rathbuni. Definitions ofthe family
andIndo-WestPacificgenera,withakey,areincluded. KeystotheIndo-WestPacificspecies
aregiven,togetherwith diagnosesoftheAustralianspeciesandall diagnosesareaccompa-
D
nied by figures. The zoogeography ofthe Solenoceridae is discussed briefly. Indo-West
Pacific; Soleniceridae. Australia, diagnoses, distribution, zoogeography.
W. Dall. QueenslandMuseum PC)Box3300,SouthBrisbane41 1,Australia; 10November
1998.
Ofthe 5 families included in the Penaeoidea species in sufficient detail to facilitate ident-
(Penaeidae, Solenoceridae, Aristeidae, ification of local species by fisheries biologists
Benthesicymidae, Sicyonidae) only the species and other non-specialists. As well as 25 known
of Penaeidae are well known in Australia (e.g. species it includes 1 newspecies. Definitions are
Dall, 1957; Racek & Dall, 1965; Grey et al., given ofthe family and eight genera, with keys.
1983). This is because they are mostly inhabit- Keystothe species ofeach genus include known
ants ofinshore, often shallow waters and some Indo-West Pacific species, because it is likely
are of considerable commercial importance. In that, inthefuture,someadditional specieswill be
contrast, only 2 species ofthe Solenoceridae are found in Australian seas. The species diagnoses
included by Grey et al. (1983). Kensley et al. andfiguresare from specimens inthe collections
(a1n98e7w)srpeeccoiredse,dbarniontghienrg ftihveetkontaolwtnosepiegchitesanpdlusa &ofAtrhteGQauleleenrsyloafntdheMNuosrethuemrn(TQeMr)r,itotrhye(MNuTs)eaunmd
further two new species have been described the Western Australian Museum. All figures
from Australian waters (Perez Farfante & were drawn using a stereomicroscope with a
Kensley, 1985; Crosnier, 1986). The majority of camera lucida.
species ofthe Solenoceridae occur in offshore,
deeperwatersandareonlycollectedbyspecial or DEFINITIONS
exploratory trawling, but such collections over
the last25 yearshave shownthatthere isamuch Special taxonomic features. Traditionally, the
larger range of species than was thought characteristics of the genitalia (petasma and/or
previously Twenty-six species out ofa total of thelycum)havebeen usedastheprimary features
.
45 authentic Indo-West Pacific species are now for specific identification of Penaeoidea,
recorded from Australian seas. particularly in genera with similar external
morphology. The disadvantage ofsuch a system
There have been a number ofkey taxonomic isthat, in penaeoids, often specimensofonly one
papers on solenocerids in recent years by sexareavailable,orthespecimen isajuvenile. In
Crosnier (1978, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, the Solenoceridae, however, the majority have
1994a,b) and byPerez Farfante (1977, 1981 and sufficient distinctive features of the cephalo-
co-authored papers). Unfortunately, the thorax and abdomen, particularly the former, to
literatureisratherscattered,ofteninpublications enable a positive identification to be made. The
notreadilyavailabletoAustralianbiologists,isin genitalia have therefore often not been included
four languages besides English and mostly on in species diagnoses and figures in this paper,
specimens from outside Australian waters. This unless the features ofthe genitalia are essential
paper therefore attempts to cover the Australian for identification. A complete identification
554 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
should, of course, include con-
BG9
sultation with full descriptions in
the literature, which usually
include the genitalia.
Cephaiothorux. The principal
taxonomic features of the ceph-
alothorax of a solenocerid are
shown in Fig. 1A. By convention,
only half the cephaiothorux is
shown, Setae have been omitted
in all figures ofcephalothoraxes,
as these are often dense in the
HSp OAS HC Solenoceridae and obscure
esseniial features. Although
'carina* literallymeans 'akeelMri
penacidtaxonomy it issometimes
•» ML VML interpreted to mean a barely
diseernable, flattened ridge. Such
cases as these have not been
included as a carina in either the
_L
diagnosis or figure. Ifa carina is
included inthe diagnosis it usual-
ly means an obvious sharp, or at
B least angular ridge and is shown
DML mostly as an unbroken line. Sulci
are included if they arc clearly
DML visibleandaredepictedasstipple.
\\\ six ofthe eight solenoccrid
genera the orbito-antennal sulcus
runs from nearthe rim oftheorbit
\/LL to thevicinity ofthehepatic spine
without a break (although it may
be quite weak). In many Sojeno-
cera species, however, only the
posteriorpart ispresent (Fig. 1A).
FIG. I• A, features oftaxonomic importance on the cephalothoraxofa Itmaybedeepandextendsalmost
solenocen'd. Asp, antennal spine; BCS, branehiocardiac sulcus (a vertically towards the base ofthe
carina may also be present); CS, cervical sulcus and carina; ET, postorbital spine, where it ends
epigastric tooth (the next tooth is the first rostral tooth); RC, hepatic and thus could be regarded as an
carina; US, hepatic sulcus; HSp, hepatic spine; NIC. marginal (or
sub-marginal)carina; OA, orbital spine(maybeonly anangle); OAS, antennal or postantermal sulcus.
orbito-finteuual sulcus; POSp, postorbital spine; PRC, poslrostral In other Solenoctra species there
carina; Pr, prosailema; Ft, pterygostomial angle (may be a spine); Sc, is a weak orbital part indicating
i ithcoercielre.iteB;, dSiHaSgpra,mmsautpircahcerpoasts-iseec(toironpoofstacnerivimcmaalt)ursepipneet;asSmta, tshualtcusit. is a true orbito- antennal
before folding has taken place. The junction of the two halves by
cinctnnuli is indicated by two solid circles; arrows indicate the Thenamesgivenby taxonomists
direction of infolding; ME, median lobe; LL, lateral lobe. C, to features of the cephalothorax
cross-sectionafterfoldinghas taken place. DML.,dorsomedianlobule; arc sometimes not uniform. For
VML, ventromedian lobule; DLL, dorsolateral lobule; VLL, example, the postorbital spine
ventrolateral lobule. D, ventral aspectofdierighthalfofa solenoccrid may be called a postantennal
petasma; VC\ ventral costa; other letters as in B. In a petasma such as spinewhen itis positioned behind
tthhiesdtohrescoimneeidninaunlilowbouulel.dextend forthe full lengthofthe inneredgeof the antennal spine, as it is in some
genera; the suprahepatie spine is
also called the postcervical spine.
Definitions and figures of other
,
AUSTRALIAN SPEC [1 5 OF ViLENOCFRtDAI
anatomical features not shown in Fig. 1A mav be mostly with dorsal teeth only and more than
d lit Hall Dial, 1 1990), three; ventral teeth ifpresent,restricted to the op.
Pekdsma (Fig 1 B-D). The petasma is developed Antennular Bagella usually longer than ih
fuim ik- iniki rami 0i Ihe LSI malepleopods and peduncle, often longer than the carapace. Pro-
is used to form and implant the spermaiophore in -.arfema variable. Usually prominent, sometimes
thethelycum ufthe female, hi ihe Sofenoceudae reduced i i || ocular scale present.
the pctasma is basically simple, each halfbeing sometimes poorly developed, ten teal sulcus
comprisedoftwo longitudinal lobes and coupled well defined fcdng or nearly reaching the
with the other halt' by a median dorsal row of mid-dorsum oi rapace. a postorbital spine
cincmnuli. flicse lobes are the median and (sonK'ioiH'> tailed posuinlcnnal spine) and
ventral lobes, united by a flexible junction, hepatic spine are always present; antennal spine
asnh*owinn tduirangrsaumbmdaitviicdaeldlyanind IhiagveIJBbeeTnhenalombeeds Ausbudalolmyepnrewshenotl,lyotohrerpacratriaalplaycecasnpnianteesd.vaTricalbsloen
dorsumedian, Ventromedial^ dorsolateral and with tWO fixed sub-apical spines, occasionally
ventrolateral lobules, respectively. They are with moveable lateral spines as well: very rarely
infolded upon one another to form a channelled w ithout spinesatall. Fxopodspresentonthor
structure (Fig. 1C) The thickened free ventral somites 1-7,insomegeneraon8aswell; those on
margins are theventral costae. Thedistal ends of the pereopods sometimes reduced. Petasma
the lobules may be simple or developed into tubular andsimple; appendix masculinawith luo
elaborate structures, often with spinules. A endites and with a projection on the outer side o\'
ventral view oftheright halfof a pctasmatypical thebasal segment; ibelycum open, oftenasimple
OAeSnf-pd.pSi-eotlnteedenoinofxoctcehemrerai2osdncasudepimeucatnihile,eesrpeiTeshrisaesrhoeopiwosonduf(itoFnerirgmF.iegda1.3nEf1d)rD..oimInnnttehhree bs3I-aow>som';i,intuesvsunhIaiIal;iplcIeyti.waomPslaiwenyeuglrllceb-teadbrretsavhmneraelolhoblspreaoodnnrcaht,irhluobhdruriatomcbseircnoatmnsaeeornhmysimtooenns
projections, sometimes distinguished as the SOtnft i podobranch (>n somite 2, except in
appendix masculina and appendix interna, Haliporus where they are on 2 and 3, sometimes
respeeively. As the homology of the inner pro- uith very small or rudimentary podobranchs on
4-6; epipods on 1-7.
jection is unknown, in this text they are both
referredas the appendix masculina. There is also Diagnostic features of the family arc []l
a spur-likeprojectionontheoutsideofthebaseof presence ofa post-orbital spine, cervical sulcus
the appendix masculina. reachinglooralmosttothemid-dorsum, the long
Thelycum. This ts developed on the sterna ofthe antennular llagella and a spur-like projection on
the outer side of the basal segment of the
4thand 5th femalepereopods, thespcnnatophoic
being implanted on the latter. It is often a acopnpteinndeinxtalmasschuellifnad.owMnostto isnehvaebriatlIhbeunoduter
quadrangular depression, usually with various
i:ial projections, but occasionally almost metres, with a few occurring ai ovet I ,000m.
featureless and sometimes a convex projection The family is comprised o\ nm
1 1 igs I 3( , 19D). In some species, the features of CryptopenoeM& Je Freftas 1979; Gordon
thethehcumarevariableand difficultto interpret Tirmizj l%0; HgdropettGeiis Pcrey Farli
;nid oflimited use in the sepaiaiioii | ics. l(>77; Hatiporoide& Stubbing 1914; ftatip*
th. Overall length is difficult to measure Male I ssi ; Ffvmenop&toeusi Smith II
.-In'alaerley idnapmeangaecdi.dsIanndth<i>s|[Lt-,ext le,n,gth is f,t,u PerMeVz/oFFuurefuars 185I0.' 'Mostinhabit
carapace lemh, i.e thedistancebetween the poi ol I'.iioie waters \\ ij ftow the tnii
criorrimoftheorbitandtheposter continental shelfto the oceanic floor, but a few
carapace on the midline ' .", oKcus mi ' uDccm spp-) are
Found in aballowei waters. The key which
tWIoomd,M.a«<|w&EANlOcCo1ckR,ID1891) loccriimd/aIe,i.T.hree.,1Ple|oHtOtcWu4s sgpep.nearrae konfown,
ofwhich two arcabundant m the \V Atlantic; the
• . -ab ' h I h ' Ian i. 1891; Crr third, P sti-uuitu/,', been recorded only En
. .
thedeeper w.netsotthe RedSea(< rosnici 198$ i
DIAGNOSIS. Rostrum laterally compressed. As PleoticUS is not otherwise represented in the
My shorter than Ihe antennular pedun Indo-Wesl Pacific, it is not dealt with fundi
I
.
556 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
KEY TO THE GENERA OF THE horizontal orslightly upturned; with dorsal teeth
SOLENOCERIDAE only, the distance between the epigastric and 1st
tooth similar to that between the 1st and 2nd.
1 Tewlhsoinchwimtahythbreeemiwniudteel,yasnptearcieodrptaoiarssuobf-maopivceaalbfliexesdpipnaeisr,; Antennal, postorbital, hepatic and pterygostom-
with an accessory' branchiocardiac carina dorsal to the ian spines present. Cervical sulcus deep, but not
sulcus 2 reaching the mid-dorsum; hepatic sulcus deep
Telsonwithasinglepairoffixedsub-apical spinesonly, and long, the anterior end almost reaching the
or with none; without an accessor)' branchiocardiac base ofthe pterygostomian spine; hepatic carina
carina 3
well defined; orbito-antcnnal sulcus shallowand
2. Mid-dorsum deeply indented at its junction with the wide. A dorsal carinaon abdominal somites 2-6.
cervical sulcus; with a supra-hepatic (postcervical)
spine. A podobranch on the 2nd thoracic somite only Telson with a pair of short fixed sub-apical
Cordonella spines, no moveable lateral spines. Eye of
Mtd-dorsumwithashallowdepressiononlyintheregion medium size and reaching the tip of the 1st
of the cervical sulcus; supra-hepatic spine absent. segmentoftheantennularpeduncle; afoliaceous
Podobranchsonatleastthe2ndand3rdthoracicsomites prosartema present, extending beyond the eye.
Ifaiiporus
Antennularflagellasimilar, cylindrical and long.
3. Dorsal and ventral antennular flagella lamellate and
forming a respiratory tube; external ramus of uropod Mandibular palp two-segmented, the segments
withoutadistolateralspine Solenocera subequal in length, the distal narrower than the
Dorsal and ventral antennular flagella not forming a basalandtaperingtoaroundedapex. Exopodson
respiratory tube, but with the ventral flagellum all thoracic appendages.
sometimes flattened; external ramus ofuropod with a
distolateral spine 4 Petasma withventrolateral lobule distally free
4. Ventral antennular flagellum strongly compressed from the dorsolateral lobule; both with firm
proximally,orbital spinewelldeveloped integument; rightand leftpetasmal halves united
Mesopenaeus by cincinnuli only foraboutthe proximal halfof
Ventral antennular flagellum more or less cylindrical, their length. Thelycum simple, open.
orbitalspineabsentoronlyaweakorbitalanglepresent
5 This genus atpresent includes fourspecies, all
5. Epigastrictoothseparated fromthe 1st rostral toothbyan rathersimilar, attaininga large size(over50mm)
intervalnotmarkedlydifferentfromthatbetweenthe1st and inhabiting depths of200-500m.
and2ndrostralteeth . 6
Epigastric tooth, orepigastric tooth and 1st rostral tooth
separated from the remainingteeth by a relatively long KEYTO THE SPECIES OF
interval 8 CRYPTOPENAEUS
6. Rostrum low, with ventral margin straight or concave;
submarginal carina present Plcoticus
Rostrum deep, with ventral margin markedly convex; 1. Anterior end of hepatic carina strongly recurved
submarginal carinaabsent 7 ventro-posteriorly C. cievai
7. Pterygostomian spine present, branchioslegal spine Anteriorendofhepaticcarinanotrecurved 2
absent; postroslral carina well defined and almost 2. Postrostralearinawithashallownotchbehindthelevelof
reachingtheposteriorrimofthecarapace thetopofthecervical sulcus;aspineonthebasisofthe
Cryptopenaeiis 3rdpereopod C.catherinae
Branchiostegal spine present, pterygostomian spine Postroslral carina without such notch; no spine on the
absent;postrostralcarinanotextendingmuchbeyondthe basisofthe3rdpereopod 3
topofthecervicalsulcus Hadropenaeus
3.Scaphoceriteexceedingthetipoftheantennularpeduncle
8. Post-cervical(supra-hepatic) spineabsent. Epigastricand by about 0.25 its own length; stemite of 5th female
1strostral toothseparatedfromtheremainingteethby a pereopodwith tworoundedanteriorprominences
relatively longinterval Hymmopenaeus C. crosnieri
Post-cervical (supra-hepatic) spine present Epigastric
Scaphocerite about as long as the antennular peduncle;
toothseparated from the 1st rostral toothby arelative!) Stemite of5th female pereopod with a single rounded
longinterval fialiporoides anteriorprominence C. sinensis
Cryptopenaeus de Freitas, 1979 C. cievaiand C. crosnierihavebeen collected
from Australian waters; C. sinensis has been
Cryptopenaeiis de Ereitas, 1979; Perez I'arfante & recorded from NW Australia (Perez Farfante &
'Kensley, 1997.
Kensley, 1985), but the figures ofthe petasma
DIAGNOSIS. Carapace and abdomen robust, and appendixmasculina appearto be those ofC.
integument firm, mostly glabrous or minutely cievai; C. catherinaeappears to be endemic to E
punctate. Rostrum short, not exceeding the 2nd Africa(offMozambique).Allofthesespeciesare
antennular segment, ventral margin convex, tip uncommon at present.
AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF SOLENOCERIDAE 557
DIAGNOSIS: Rostrum with 6-7
teeth including the epigastric and
reaching the middle of the 2nd
segment of the antennular ped-
uncle; four teeth on the carapace.
Upperrostralprofilesigmoidwith
the highest point at the 1st rostral
tooth, descending to the orbital
margin and then ascending
towards the tip, the general
appearance markedly 'hump-
backed' in large specimens, less
so in those below 40mm length
(Fig. 2B). Postrostral carina
prominent, almost reaching the
posterioredgeofthecarapaceand
without a depression or notch.
Carapace glabrous; orbital angle
almost absent; antennal and
D pterygostomian spines small,
postorbital and hepatic spines
prominent. Anterior end of
hepatic carina recurved ventro-
posteriorly; hepatic sulcus deep;
cervical carina prominent, the
carina and sulcus ending well
short of the dorsal midline.
Branchiocardiac sulcus well
definedandoccupyingthemiddle
third of the branchial region.
Prosartema reaching 0.3 of the
2nd antennular segment;
scaphocerite exceeding the tip of
the antennular peduncle by about
0.25 its length. First pereopod
with large spines on the basis and
ischiumandasmallspinemidway
along the merus; 2nd pereopod
FIG. 2. Cryptopenaeus clevai Crosnier, 1984. A, F, 45mm, with a spine on the basis only; no
WAMC24250, 12 51'S 118°25'E, 449m. B, M, 35mm, profile of spines on the 3rd pereopod.
carapace dorsum. C, ventral left half of petasma, male 40mm Petasma (Fig. 2C,D). Distal end
WAMC21408, 17°S 119 28'E, 435m. D, dorsal left halfofpetasma, ofthedorsolaterallobuleflattened
WAMC21408. (Scalebar= Imm) and fringed withminute spinules;
recurved laterally with four small
backwardly directed teeth; distal ventro-lateral
Cryptopenaeus clevai Crosnier, 1984 lobule divided distally, one broad with a slight
(Fig. 2A-D
) distal indentation, the other acute and both
Cryptopenaeus clevai Crosnier, 1984: 26-31, figs la-b, 2, fringed with minute spinules.
'3a; 1994b.
CryptopenaeussinensisPerez Farfante& Kensley, 1985. Colour. Deep pinktored withwhitish markings,
MATERIAL:NTCR007064,F,56.5mm;WAM21396,F, rostrum bluish.
64mm;21398,M,38.5mm,F,53.5mm;21401,F,55mm;
214084M,40-42mm; 242502M, 35, 36mm, 3F,26,43, REMARKS. The Western Australian Museum
47.5mm has a large collection ofthis species, which has
often been trawled at around 450m depth.
558 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
NW
DISTRIBUTION. Australia, 390-450m, Colour predominantly deep pink to red with
Known range, Indonesia (type locality), Japan, whitish markings (Crosnier, 1994b)
Taiwan, NAustralia,NewCaledonia, Wallisand NW
Futuna I., 300-540m D16I°S-T3R0I°SB,UT2I3O0N-.440m. KAunsotrwanliar,anEgeA,usKtarialiIa.
N
Cryptopenaeus crosnieri (Indonesia), Australia.
&
Perez Farfante Kensley 1985
Gordonella Tirmizi, 1960
(Fig. 3)
Gordonelia Tirmizi, 1960: 372; Crosnier, 1988 (emend):
CryptopenaeuscrosnieriPerezFarfanteand Kenslev 1985: 586-587; PerezFarfante& Kensley, 1997.
'280-287, figs 1-4.
MATERIAL: QMW15825, 2 F, 35, 40mm; 15826, M. DIAGNOSIS. Integument soft, with prominent
33.5mm [allotype]; 15839. 2 F, 42, 44mm; 16214, F, accessory lateral carinae on the carapace and
49mm; 16222,2F,45.5,46.5mm, abdomen, which appearto reinforce it. Rostrum
straight, sharply tapering and slightly upturned,
DIAGNOSIS. Dorsal rostral margin convex, with dorsal teeth only and not exceeding the 2nd
rostral teeth including epigastric 7-9 , usually 8, segment of the antennular peduncle. Distance
the rostrum reaching about the distal end ofthe betweenthe epigastrictooth and 1strostral tooth
1stsegmentofthe antennularpeduncle in adults. similar to that between the remaining teeth.
Postrostral carina well-defined, almost reaching Cervical sulcus ending in a deep notch in the
theposteriorborderofthecarapaceandwithouta dorsum; carapace strongly convex behind this
notch or depression. Postorbital and hepatic notch. Antennal, postorbital, suprahepatic
spines large and slender, antennal and ptery- (postcervical), hepatic and pterygostomian
gostomian spines smaller. Hepatic carinaending spinespresent. Abdomen relatively slender, with
beside a shallow, elongate depression which dorsal carinae on all somites. Telson pointed
extends towards the pterygostomian spine; apically,withapairofsub-apical spinesandwith
branchiocardiac sulcus extremely faint. three pairs of small widely spaced moveable
Prosartemalongandnarrowandreachingalmost spines on the lateral border. Eye small and fully
half the 2nd antennular segment. Antennular pigmented, ocular scale reduced, stylocerite
flagellasubequal in lengthand 1.5-2.0 the length poorly developed. Antennular flagella identical,
of the carapace; scaphocerite exceeding the cylindrical, filiform and very long. Mandibular
antennularpedunclebyupto0.25 itslength. First palp 3-segmented, the distal segment slender;
pereopodwithaprominentbasial spine,asimilar incisor process ofthe mandible long and entire;
ischial spine and a small spine about halfway molar process small. Exopods on all thoracic
alongtheventral edgeofthemerus;alargebasial appendages,thoseonthepereopodsverysmall.
spine onthe 2nd pereopod. Abdomen with a low This genus was originally erected by Tirmizi
dorsal carina on the posterior half of the 2nd (1960)toincludewhatwasmistakenlythoughtto
somite;carinabecomingsharponthe4thto6th. beanewspecies, G.potyarthra, butwhichturned
Fifth thoracic sternite of female with a out to be a poorly preserved specimen of
subrectangular plate with a deep longitudinal Haliporus vUlosus Alcock & Anderson, 1894.
groove on each side, each with a strong lateral However, this species is sufficiently different
ridgejoinedanteriorlybyatransverseridge;coxa from other species ofHaliporus to warrant the
of 5th pereopods produced inwards in a plate
bearing an anteriorly-directed
spine; sternite of 4th pereopods
with a prominent median ridge
with a large blunt anteriortooth.
REMARKS. Perez Farfante &
Kensley(1985)statethatthereisa
'very minute' spine on the merus
ofthe3rdpereopodinthisspecies,
but no such spine could be found
on the above specimens.
FIG. 3. Cryptopenaeus crosnieri Perez Farfante & Kenslev, 1985.
QMW15825, F, 35mm, 28°irS 53°54'E,230m.
AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF SOLENOCERIDAE 559
covered with setae. Rostrum
upturned,exceedingtheeye,teeth
fairly evenly spaced, the 1st
f / smaller than the others or
/ uT^~^ vestigial; adrostral carina short;
/^T^^x
/ postrostral carina extending
—
3 ItSw ^~~^f /) y^-- J~ almostto theposterioredgeofthe
carapace,asmalltubercletowards
the posterior end. No orbital
angle; post-orbital spine
post-antenna! in position;
G. 4. Gordonella paravillosa Crosnl J8. QMW00456, F Post-orbital, antennal, hepatic,
suprahepatic, pterygostomian
(paratype), 47.5mm, 17°45'S 148°0rE, 1,147-1,132m.
spines presentandof similar size;
rtrehetrdeeeneftiisnopenedciobefys,Ctrhaoelslngifeenrruosm(,19tw8h8eh)i,Icnhadnohd-aWnseosbwteeiPnnacclifufudilecl.sy smul.ce"nnsa™l, cagn.nasbPepirlneoesswenattnhtedapcno*dsrtiaonrnabciotrfabtli*tso-p-ianAnettetsnohnroatrls!
Junctionw,th hehepat.csulcus. Postorbitalspine
Gordonella has close affinities with Haliporw, m
^te^ndedlP™tenorly a carina in errupted by
caanudgthhteatspdeecpitehssolfesbsotthhagne7n5e0rma,hamvoestrairnehlaybibteienng the 8"1^?; * Postor^al s"lc"s ™nnmg
the U000-6,000m rang&e. Proasrftrllueml t°oJtheecorabriitnaalbmeahrignidnthferopomsttohrebbiatsalesoplitneh.e
Only three speci.es, all rather different in Hepatic carina extending posteriorly from the
appearancme from most other solenocends, are pterygostomian spine to the level ofthe base of
included this genus. t^e hepatic spine; hepatic sulcus extending from
KEY TO THE SPECIES OY GORDONELLA itsjunction with the orbito-antennal sulcus to its
unction with the branchiocardiac sulcus. The
j
(afterCrosnier, 1988) latter deep and reaching the posterior mid-
1. Integumententirelycoveredb> adense,shortpubescence dorsum; branchiocardiac carina prominent and
2 with an accessory parallel carina on its dorsal
Integumentglabrous G.kensleyi side, which ends at a small vertical sulcus just
2.Prosartemaabsent G.paravillosa behindthehepatic spine; suprahepaticspinewith
Prosartemapresent G.vilhsa a carina which extends posteriorly to meet the
Thetype locality ofG.*e»5fei7Crosnier, 1988 latter. Marginal carina well defined, running
is New Caledonia, but it has also been collected from its juction with the hepatic carina to the
from2,450montheLordHoweRise(A.Crosnier posterior mid-dorsum ofthe carapace. Cervical
pers. com.)andthuscouldbeconsideredtobean sulcus deep and interrupting the postrostral
Australian species as well as G paravillosa. It carinawithadeepcleft;cervicalcarinaextending
has not been described and figured here as no from the suprahepatic spine to the hepatic spme.
specimens were available. G. villosa is known Eyesmall;prosartemaabsent;antennularflagella
only from the Indian Ocean and may be present cylindrical and longer than the carapace,
off Western Australia. Gordonella species Abdomendorsallyandmid-laterallycannatedon
appear to be uncommon, if not rare, but this all six somites; telson with a pair offixed sub-
apparentraritymaybeduetotheirhabitatdepths, apical spines and three pairs of mobile lateral
which are rarely fished. spines. Thelycal plate of the 4th pereopods
subtriangular, apex lacingposteriorly,thatofthe
Gordonella paravillosa Crosnier, 1988 5th pereopods similarbut markedly larger.
(Fig. 4) REMARKS. Because of the very soft and
Gordonella paravillosa Crosnier, 1988: 589, figs 2d, 3c, flexible cuticle, there tendsto be some distortion
12a, 13, 14, 15a-e, 16a-f ofpreservedspecimens,makinginterpretationof
MATERIAL: QMW13224, F,47.5mm, paratype. features ofthe carapace difficult. However, Fig.
4,taken from aparatype, agreescloselywiththat
DIAGNOSIS. Cephalothorax bulbous inprofile, ofthe holotype (Crosnier, 1988, fig. 12a). The
abdomen relatively slender with long pleopods. missing tip of the rostrum in the paratype was
Cuticle of the carapace thin and flexible and taken from this figure. Crosnier records the
560 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
length ofthethis paratype as 43mm, presumably from the Atlantic; all are similar in general
atGypographicalerror,asitwasfoundtobe47.5mm. appearance and have been recorded from the
paravillosaissimilartoG. villosa,butasthe 100-600mdepth range, but more usually
holotype is poorly preserved and damaged, the 200-500m.
onlyreliablemeans ofseparatingthetwospecies
at present is by the key feature i.e. the lack ofa KEY TO THE INDO-WEST PACIFIC
prosartema onthe antennularpeduncle. SPECIES OF HADROPENAEUS
Thelongpleopodsandthincuticle suggestthat Dorsal carina of 6th abdominal somite without lateral
G. paravillosa is at least partlypelagic. moveablespines,posteriormarginofsomitenotcrenate.
Rostrum with a small accessory adrostral carina just
DISTRIBUTION. Indonesia (Celebes region, belowthebasesoftheteeth H.lucasii
1280 m), off NE Queensland, 17-18°S 148°E, Dorsal carina of 6th abdominal somite with 4 lateral
1 147-1200m (type locality), andNewCaledonia moveable spines on either side, posterior margin of
(A. Crosnier, pers. com.) somitecrenate. Rostrumwithoutanaccessoryadrostral
carina H. spinicauda
Hadropenaeus Perez Farfante, 1977 Ofthe two Indo-West Pacific species only H.
lucasiihas been recorded from Australia.
Hadropenaeus Perez Farfante, 1977: 315-316; Perez
Farfante& Kensley, 1997. Hadropenaeus lucasii (Bate 1881)
DIAGNOSIS. Body fairly robust, integument (Fig. 5)
firm, rostrum short, notexceeding 1/3 ofthe 2nd SotenoceralucasiiBate, 1881: 185.
segment ofthe antennular peduncle, with dorsal Philonicuslucasii Bate, 1888.
teeth only, the distance between the epigastric PleoticuslucasiiBate, 1888.
and 1st rostral tooth similar to that between the HaliporusmodestusRathbun, 1906.
Haliporuslucasi Bouvier, 1908.
1st and 2nd teeth. Orbital and pterygostomian Haliporuslucasiide Man, 1911.
spines absent; postorbital, antennal, hepatic and Hymenop&naeus lucasii Burkenroad, 1936; Anderson &
branchiostegal spines well defined. Cervical * Lindner, 1945;Kubo, 1949.
sulcus almost reaching the middorsum; hepatic HymcnopcnaeuslucasiCrosnier& Forest, 1973; Crosnier,
' 1978.
sulcus present; branchiocardiac carina absent, Hadropenaeus lucasi Crosnier, 1984, 1989, 1994a,b;
sulcus barely defined or absent. Abdomen KensleyJYanter& Griffin, 1987.
dorsally carinated on 3rd to 6th somites. Telson Hadropenaeus lucasii Perez Farfante, 1977: Mayashi,
with a pair of fixed sub-apical spines, without 1984b,e.
lateral moveable spines. Prosartema foliaceous MATERIAL. QMW15876, F, 8mm; 15877, F, 7.5mm.
andreachingat leastas farastheeye.Antennular 2M, 7.5, 8mm; 158028 M, 7.5mm; 15888, F, 21mm:
flagella longerthanthe carapace, subcylindrical, 15898,3F, 13.5, 14.5, 20mm; 16205,M,20mm.
rarely with the ventral flagellum slightly
flattened. Mandibularpalp 2-segmented, thetwo DIAGNOSIS. Carapace almostentirely glabrous,
subequal in length,the distal segmenttaperingto withsomepubescenceintherostral area; abdomen
a blunt apex. First pereopod with a spine on the glabrous. Rostral upperedge straight andalmost
basis, ischium andmerus. Fifthpereopod slender horizontal, teeth prominent, ventral margin
and much longer than the 4th. Epipods on all convex; rostral teeth, including epigastric 6-8,
thoracic somites. Outerramusofthe uropodwith mostly 7; 3rdrostraltootharoundthe level ofthe
a distolateral spine reaching as far as the lamella orbital margin; rostrum reaching about as far as
of the uropod. Petasma with
terminal part ofthe ventrolateral
lobe plate-like with thickened
cuticle; ventromedian lobule
broadly expanded distally. Basal
sclerite of appendix masculina
produced into an elongate
ventrolateral spur. Thelycum of
opentype,notenclosingaseminal
receptacle.
This genus so far contains only FIG. 5. Hadropenaeus lucasii (Bate, 881). QMW15888, F, 21mm,
four species, of which two are 27*55 S 154°E, 555m.
AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF SOLENOCERIDAE 561
the 1st segment of the antennular peduncle. the base of the pterygostomian spine; orbito-
Adrostralcarinareachingthelastrostraltooth;an antennal and branchiocardiac sulci clearly
accessory carina extending from the base ofthe defined; a sharp submarginal carinapresent. Eye
2nd to the penultimate rostral tooth, the two large, maximum length 0.2 ormorethe length of
carinas enclosing a shallow, setose channel; the carapace. Antennular flagella similar in
postrostral carina endingjust behind the level ol* length,subcylindricalandthreetimesormorethe
the cervical sulcus. Orbital angle absent, but the length of the carapace. Mandibular palp
lower orbit extended into a short inwardly- 3-jointed, 4th and 5th pereopods of similar
directed shelf. Hepatic carina absent, the sulcus length, 1st pereopod with or without a basial
shallow, inclinedanteroventrally and ending in a spine; small exopods on all pereopods and
depression below the prominent branchioslegal maxillipeds. Pleopods large in relation to the
spine. Prosartema exceeding the eye; antennular pereopods, suggesting that the genus is at least
flagella long and of unequal length. First partly natatory.
pereopod with long spines on the basis and
ischium, a smallerspine at the mid-length ofthe KEY TOTHE INDO-WEST PACIFIC
merus; a long spine on the basis of the 2nd SPECIES OF HALIPOROIDES
pereopod; in both sexes coxa ofthe 4th and 5th
pereopods with conspicuous antero-median 1. Rostrum with 6-8 dorsal teeth plus epigastric and 1-2
ventral teeth, slender and slightly down-curved or
spines. Abdomen with a well-developed dorsal straight H. sibogae
carina on the 3rd to 6th somites, rounded on the Rostrum with 10-11 dorsal teeth plus epigastric, blade
3rd,keel-likeonthe4thto6th.(Fordescriptionof eitherveryhighandstronglydown-curved,orhighwith
pelasma and thelycum see Perez Farfante, 1977; slightly upcurvedtip 2
Crosnier, 1978). 2. Rostral blade very highanddown-curved with 1-2venial
rostral teeth H. triarthrus
REMARKS. Rostrum blue; carapace red to light Rostral blade high, arched behind the 1st ventral rostral
pink, with whitish patches; abdomen with tooth and slightly upcurved at the tip; 2-4, usually 3
ventralrostralleeth ILcristatus
vertical bands of red, lighter colour between;
These three species are similar in appearance
uropodssimilarlybanded,otherappendagesred.
and overlap in some oftheir features e.g. rostral
DISTRIBUTION. N Australia and E Australia teeth. H. sibogae is particularly variable andtwo
7°-28°S,300-590m. Knownrange, Madagascar subspecies have been named:
1 W
throughtheIndianOceanand Pacific,Japanto H. sibogae madagasearensis Crosnier, 1978
1IawaiiandWallisandFutunaIs, 180-600m.The andH. sibogaeaustraliensis Kensley, Tranter&
type locality is the Kai I. and H. lucasii has Griffin, 1987.Thelatterauthors foundthatallthe
recently been collected here and also further Australian specimens examined belongedto this
south in the Arafura Sea (Crosnier 1994a). The subspecies. H. triarthrus also includes a
collections off E Australia further extends the subspecies, /-/. /. vniroi (Crosnier, 1978). These
range ofthis species. subspecies do not key out satisfactorily and are
best identified by a table (Kensley et al., 1987).
Haliporoides Stebbing, 1914 Ofthe three Haliporoides species //. sibogae
and H. triarthrus are commercially abundant,
Haliporoides Stebbinii 1914; 20: Perez Farfante & whileH. cristatusappearstobefairlycommon.
Kensley, 1997.
DIAGNOSIS. Carapace elongate, integument Haliporoides cristatus
&
flexible;rostrumexceedingthemiddleofthe2nd Kensley, Tranter Griffin, 1987
segment ofthe antennular peduncle, with dorsal (Fig. 6A)
teeth and oftenwith ventral rostral teeth towards Haliporoides cristatus Kenslev, Tranter & Griffin. 1987:
the tip, ventral margin straight or concave; the 265, figs 1.2. 5G-L.
interval between the epigastric tooth and the 1st
rostral teeth appreciably greater than that MATERIAL: QMW11285, 2F, 23, 23mm; 14288, M,
between the remaining teeth. Postorbital, 17.5mm; 14308,M,20mm,F, 18mm; 15857,F,27.5mm;
antennal, pterygostomian, hepatic and supra- 15889, 3M, 17.5, 19, 19mm; 5F, 17, 18, 20, 20.5,21mm;
15895, F, 25mm; 15902, F, 28mm; 16216, F, 32mm;
hepatic (postcervical) spines present; orbital and 16212,F, 34mm.
branchiostegal spines absent. Cervical sulcus
reaching the mid-dorsum but not incising it; DIAGNOSIS. Carapace and abdomen finely
hepatic sulcus long, reaching oralmost reaching punctate-setose. Rostrum arched, deep and often
) .
562 MEMOIRS OF THF QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
upturned at the lip, reaching from iwn thirds to enable quick provisional identifications to be
the tip of the 2nd segment of the antennular made, but ibis needs to be verified.
peduncle; with 8-12 dorsal teeth, including the Colour yellowish, with a distinctive white
epigastric, and 2-4 ventral teeth (mean 10/3). stripe on (he dorsal surface ofthc uropods.
Adrostrol carina prominent, a lower but distinct
accessoryadrostral carinabelowtheupperrostral DISTRIBUTION. So far collected onlv from E
Australianwaters, from 6°-35c30*S, 250-650m.
leeth. Postrostra] carina ending about halfway 1
between the tipofthe epigastricandthe topofthc
Haliporoides stbogae (de Man, 907
cervical sulcus. Antenna!, postorbital and ptery- 1
(Fig.6B!
goslonrian spines ofsimilar size and larger !han
the hepatic and supra-hepatic spines, which are tfaHpurwnbogijfffc Man, \90T, 38; 191] ' - p
also of similar size to one another. A short 3, lig. I0ft-b.pl4, fig. I'lc-q.
asnutlecunsnaplresceanrti.naHeapnadticacsahrailnaloswhorotr;bainHtvearnitocrnpnaarlt /fat11i99f88-44'bo.mu!iIcfxf stWibu"g.tteaPte]teD/aU} afBlaBmake i191797J;I CrIttSasynalshiI,
ofthe hepatic sulcus shallow, running from the Jhtiiptimiif- uuxtralieiisis Ken.!.- PfaTUCr &
anteriormargin ofthe carapace to the base ofthe Griffin, 1987: 269, figs 3-5.
hepatic spine andcontinuing, slightly deeper, for
Parahalipor pufKuba, 1949.
a similar distance posteriorly. Branchiocardiac
sulcus fairl> shallow and extending from just MATERIAL. QMW158S2, 2F, 24. 5X.5rnm; 15887. 5\l_
behind the endof""the hepatic sulcus almostto the 23.5, 23.5. 24i 25.5. 30mm; 15890, 2M, 2K 27mm.
epaorsdtieareiocrarmianargniont doe[f"intehde.cCaerravpiaccael;sublrcaunscdhieoe-p 1!(5091061,,FF,,239m2npjm\I W91A7\,3RF,12679,3305,,3M5,5;36[m62m1,3,IF'.,3157mmmm;;
and reaching the dorsum: cervical carina blunt 21400. 21-. 36, 42mm; 21409, 2M- 32, 40mm. f. 50mm,
atPihrnneocdslabunradotsitiensrgnptarohofremetpiahneccethniatns1;gsmtaasspauctnbradrmcoaatpsrhocgtdlhm.evacelOuytemc.haaeNrsriodnefasespacistrnhuiearberoespnd, 42233509S02mmm7mmmm5m,::;22225553M222.8S8407,.,! •R1F,., I34N00hmimmimmrmn;;;:222255552222888751886,,,,F2,12MF,3M,,3102m1,27m023.m;m8mm32m:;05m2m;822m355,2,2257724297F8F,.,6i,33MM6_1Z.,,
by KensIcy et uf (1987). •.411mm.
REMARKS, Although the carapaces of H. DIAGNOSIS. Cuticle flexible, carapace finely
rpe and f! .risiatus arc similar, the rostral punctate-setose. Rostrum ascending Irom the
shape and number ofteeth are quite different. In carapace and then down curving slightly;
the lield or with fresh specimens, colour may reaching from half the 2nd segment of the
untennular peduncle to its lip;
teeth 7-9, usually X dorsal-
including the epigastric, and 1-2
ventral. Postrosiral carina ending
about halfway between the lip oir
die epigastric looth and the top of
the eervieal sulcus. Orbital angle
ii,, antennal and postorbital
spines of equal si/e and larger
than the remaining spines, the
postorbital behind the antennal.
Hepatic, suprahepatie and ptery-
goslonuau spines ofsimilar si/c.
Cervicdl sulcus deep and almost
reachingthemid-dorsum. IJepatic
carina short, not strongly deiincd
md
extending towards the tip of
the pterygostomian spine; the
hepatic sulcus fairly shallow
,., anteriorly and reaching from the
\Q .,:,,., i ranter & anterior nm ofthc carapace to the
. 16 : f6*E„ 590m. B, H. , base ofthc hepatic spine, where it
l907).QMW159t7 H.Snitti l53°20TE,650m« deepens and extends posteriorly
; I ! !