Australian–Latin American Relations This page intentionally left blank Australian–Latin American Relations New Links in a Changing Global Landscape EditedbyElizabethKath AUSTRALIAN–LATINAMERICANRELATIONS Copyright©ElizabethKath2016 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission.Noportionofthis publicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmittedsavewithwritten permission.InaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheCopyright,Designs andPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicencepermittinglimited copyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency,SaffronHouse, 6-10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Firstpublished2016by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthis workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills, Basingstoke,Hampshire,RG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofNatureAmerica,Inc.,One NewYorkPlaza,Suite4500,NewYork,NY10004-1562. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. ISBN:978–1–137–50191–2 E-PDFISBN:978–1–137–50192–9 DOI:10.1057/9781137501929 DistributionintheUK,EuropeandtherestoftheworldisbyPalgrave Macmillan®,adivisionofMacmillanPublishersLimited,registeredin England,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Kath,Elizabeth,editor. Title:Australian–LatinAmericanrelations:newlinksinachanging globallandscape/editedbyElizabethKath. Description:NewYorkCity:PalgraveMacmillan,2016. | Includes bibliographicalreferencesandindex. Identifiers:LCCN2015033779 Subjects:LCSH:LatinAmerica—Relations—Australia. | Australia—Relations—LatinAmerica. | BISAC:PSYCHOLOGY/General. Classification:LCCF1416.A87A872016 | DDC327.9408—dc23 LCrecordavailableathttp://lccn.loc.gov/2015033779 AcataloguerecordforthebookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Contents ListofTablesandFigures vii Acknowledgments ix Preface xi 1 AustraliaandLatinAmericainaGlobalEra 1 ElizabethKath 2 ATaleofTwoWaves:LatinAmericanMigrationto Australia 15 RaulSanchezUrribarri,VicentePerezdeLeon,Mara Favoretto,ElizabethKath,JohnSinclair,andAnnieFergusson 3 From“LatinAmericans”toCountry-BasedDistinctions: ACaseStudyoftheMigratoryMotivationsand AdaptationExperiencesofMexicansinAustralia 35 M.LauraVazquezMaggio 4 The“TequilaEffect”or“HowtheTacoWonAustralia”: TheAppropriationofMexicanandLatinAmerican CultureinAustralia 67 BarryCarrandJohnSinclair 5 TowardaHybridLatinAmerican–AustralianMusicScene 85 MaraFavoretto 6 RediscoveringElDorado:Australia’sPastandFutureTrade RelationswithLatinAmerica 105 AlexisS.EspostoandJohnFien 7 AustraliaandBrazil:CommonExperiencesoftheChina Challenge 131 AdrianH.Hearn 8 Australian–LatinAmericanTradeRelationsinEducational Services 149 AngelCalderon vi CONTENTS 9 TheMagicofBigScienceinForgingCollaborative Relationships:Australia,LatinAmerica,andtheAustralian SynchrotronInitiative 183 VictordelRio Biographies 227 Index 231 Tables and Figures Tables 2.1 LatinAmerican–Australianpopulation—bycountryof origin(2011census) 17 3.1 PushandpullfactorsmotivatingMexicanemigrationto Australiainorderofimportance 45 6.1 DirectionsofAustraliantrade,1938/9–1975/6 110 6.2 DirectionsofAustraliantrade,toptentradingpartners, 1993–2013 111 6.3 Growthintrade:AustralianexportsandimportstoLatin America,China,andtherestoftheworld,selectedyears, 1993–2013 113 6.4 Tradegrowthforecast:IMFexportandimportvolume indicesandaveragegrowthindex,2012–2017(millions,A$) 117 6.5 Componentsofaleadershipandengagementmatrixin internationaltrade 120 8.1 Goodsandservicesexportsandimportsbetween AustraliaandLatinAmericancountries,2000–2013 153 8.2 Australiatradeearnings(exports)withLatinAmerican countries,1996–2013 155 8.3 Australiatradeearnings(exports)withLatinAmerican countries:Educationalservicesandtravelservices 158 8.4 StudentsfromLatinAmericancountriesinAustralia,by sector,1999–2013 160 8.5 Distributionofenrollmentsbysectorandbylevelof study:LatinAmericaninternationalstudents,2003–2013 164 viii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES 8.6 Proportionofinternationalstudents’enrollmentsby broadfieldofeducation:LatinAmericaandallstudents, 2003–2013:Highereducation 165 8.7 Proportionofinternationalstudents’enrollmentsby broadfieldofeducation:LatinAmericaandallstudents, 2003–2013:Vocationaleducationandtraining 167 8.8 Top12hostcountriesforLatinAmericanoutbound students,2001,2009,and2012 169 8.9 Internationalstudentexperiences:Destinationof Australianstudents,2009–2013 171 8.10 NumberandtypeofagreementsbetweenAustralianand LatinAmericanuniversities,2014 172 9.1 Megascientificprojects 188 9.2 NuclearreactorsoperatinginLatinAmerica 190 9.3 ResearchersR&D 191 9.4 NobelPrizes/synchrotron 192 9.5 ScientificUSandECreports 192 9.6 Theworld’ssynchrotrons 194 9.7 Archaeology.X-raytechniquereadsburntVesuvius scroll,January20,2015 195 9.8 Energy/chemistry.Thepathtoartificialphotosynthesis, January22,2014 195 9.9 Examplesofprojectsbydisciplineusingthesynchrotron 208 Figures 3.1 Influentialfactorsprecipitatingmigration 43 9.1 Synchrotronsinoperationevery20years 193 Acknowledgments Inpreparingthiseditedcollection,IwouldliketogivethanksfirsttoRaul Sanchez Urribarri, for his thoughtful contributions to conversations at The(wonderful)MoatCafénearRMITUniversity,andforhisfriendship andjovialspiritduringtheyearswhenthisprojectwasbeingprepared. I would also like to express my gratitude to Manfred Steger, whose insightfulconversationsinearly2012helpedtosparktheinitialideafor thisproject. For years of wisdom, supportive encouragement, and intellectual inspiration,IameternallygratefultoPaulJamesandPaulKomesaroff. ThankstoeveryoneofmycolleaguesintheSchoolofGlobal,Urban and Social Studies and the Centre for Global Research at RMIT Uni- versity for providing a supportive and collegialenvironment in whichto work. Your ideas, writings, and even your passing conversations in the corridors add so much richness to the academic experience. I am also especially grateful to RMIT University for the Vice Chancellor’s Fellow- ship that allowed me the time to work on research and writing projects, includingthisbook. IwouldliketothankNitinKaushik,fortakingcareofmeduringthe phaseswhentherewastimeforworkandonlywork. Thanks to my family, and to dear friends, including Natalie Grzic, Fiona Wright, Nicole Muñoz, Leah Raymond, Rosemary Parlour, Fernanda Ferreira, Jenna Davey-Burns, Sunjae Choi, Aldeida Aleti and GuillermoPineda-Villavicencio. ThankstotheextraordinaryBreeAlexander,whohelpedasaResearch Assistant in the final stages of this project, and whose professionalism, reliability,andkeeneyefordetailareworthmorethangold. Thanks also to Sarah Doskow, Chris Robinson, Jon Reitzel, Indu- mathy Gunasekaran, Marie Felina and all of the team at Palgrave Macmillan for their wonderful support and professionalism throughout theprocessofthebook’sproduction. Last,butmostimportantlyofall,Iwouldliketothanktheoutstanding colleagues who contributed to this volume, for their tireless efforts and