Australia in the Age of International Development, 1945–1975: Colonial and Foreign Aid Policy in Papua New Guinea and Southeast Asia PDF
Preview Australia in the Age of International Development, 1945–1975: Colonial and Foreign Aid Policy in Papua New Guinea and Southeast Asia
SECURITY, CONFLICT AND COOPERATION IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD Australia in the Age of International Development, 1945–1975 Colonial and Foreign Aid Policy in Papua New Guinea and Southeast Asia nicholas ferns Security, Conflict and Cooperation in the Contemporary World Series Editors Effie G. H. Pedaliu LSE Ideas London, UK John W. Young University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK The Palgrave Macmillan series, Security, Conflict and Cooperation in the ContemporaryWorldaimstomakeasignificantcontributiontoacademic and policy debates on cooperation, conflict and security since 1900. It evolved from the series Global Conflict and Security edited by Professor SakiRuthDockrill.Thecurrentserieswelcomesproposalsthatofferinno- vativehistoricalperspectives,basedonarchivalevidenceandpromotingan empirical understanding of economic and political cooperation, conflict andsecurity,peace-making,diplomacy,humanitarianintervention,nation- building,intelligence,terrorism,theinfluenceofideologyandreligionon international relations, as well as the work of international organisations and non-governmental organisations. More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14489 Nicholas Ferns Australia in the Age of International Development, 1945–1975 Colonial and Foreign Aid Policy in Papua New Guinea and Southeast Asia Nicholas Ferns School of Philosophical, Historical and International Studies Monash University Clayton, VIC, Australia Security, Conflict and Cooperation in the Contemporary World ISBN 978-3-030-50227-0 ISBN 978-3-030-50228-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50228-7 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such namesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreefor general use. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinforma- tion in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeen made.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmaps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Photo by Rudolf Dietrich/ullstein bild via Getty Images This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Acknowledgements This project began as a doctoral thesis at Monash University in 2012. Over the past eight years I have benefitted from the advice and assistance ofahugerangeofpeopleandinstitutions.Ioweaparticulardebtofgrat- itude to my former supervisors, now mentors and colleagues, Agnieszka Sobocinska and Tom Heenan. Their support both during and following mydoctoralstudieshasenabledmetofinallycompletethisproject.Ihave alsobenefittedfromthekindsupportofstaffmembersatMonashUniver- sity, who have kindly offered their advice and assistance throughout my research. I would also like to thank the staff members of the archives and insti- tutions in which this research was undertaken. I am grateful to the staff of the National Archives of Australia, the National Library of Australia, theUnitedStatesNationalArchives,theMitchellLibraryandtheUnited Nations Archives. Asthisprojectnearedcompletion,Ireceivedinvaluableassistancefrom a number of helpful scholars. Kate Rivington, Emma Kluge, Jon Piccini, Evan Smith, Kirstie Close, Anisa Puri, Bernard Keo, Anna Kent and Sam Nicholls, all provided advice on chapters or full drafts. I am immensely grateful for their help. Finally, I would like to thank my close friends for helping me get through everything. To Peter, Eamon, Martin, Chris, James and Daniel, yoursupporthasbeeninvaluable.Tomyfamily,Julie,DennisandAllyce, you have been there for me throughout the entire process. v vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Butaboveall,IhavetothankmybeautifulwifeGaby.Icouldnothave done this without you. Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 “Stone Age to the Twentieth Century”: Trusteeship and the New Deal for Papua New Guinea, 1945–1949 21 3 “By Every Means in Our Power”: The Establishment of the Colombo Plan, 1949–1957 47 4 “New Codes and a New Order”: Papua New Guinean Development in the Hasluck Era, 1951–1963 77 5 “Developed, Developing or Midway?” Australia at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 1964 109 6 “We Should Be Doing More Than We Are”: The Colombo Plan, Papua New Guinea and the Australian External Aid Review, 1957–1965 139 7 Taking Up the “Latest Fashions”: International Development in Flux and the Australian Response, 1965–1975 167 vii viii CONTENTS 8 Conclusion 197 Bibliography 203 Index 225 About the Author Nicholas Ferns is a research and teaching associate at Monash Univer- sity.HecompletedhisPh.D.inhistoryatMonashUniversityin2017.His researchexaminesthewaysthat,between1945and1975,Australiancolo- nial policy towards PNG and foreign aid policy towards Southeast Asia was driven by policymakers’ engagement with post-war notions of inter- nationaldevelopment.HisresearchhasbeenpublishedinTheAustralian Journal of Politics and History, The Australasian Journal of American Studies and Diplomacy and Statecraft. In addition to his research on development and foreign aid, he has also published work on Australia’s engagement with the American notion of “Manifest Destiny” between 1850 and 1900 and on the role of personal friendships in the diplo- macyofWoodrowWilson.Heiscurrentlyworkingonanewprojectthat explores the relationship between Australia and the World Bank in the several decades following the Second World War. ix
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