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Attachment in Adulthood, Second Edition: Structure, Dynamics, and Change PDF

705 Pages·2016·10.071 MB·English
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AttAchment in Adulthood Also Available Dynamics of Romantic Love: Attachment, Caregiving, and Sex Edited by Mario Mikulincer and Gail S. Goodman Handbook of Attachment, Third Edition: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications Edited by Jude Cassidy and Phillip R. Shaver Attachment in Adulthood Structure, Dynamics, and Change S e c o n d e d i t i o n mArio mikulincer PhilliP r. ShAver The Guilford Press new York london © 2016 The Guilford Press A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. 370 Seventh Avenue, Suite 1200, New York, NY 10001 www.guilford.com All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. Last digit is print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the publisher. ISBN 978-1-4625-2554-6 To Teresa Mikulincer and the memory of Salomon Mikulincer, and to Deby Engel Mikulincer and Dan and Alon Mikulincer —M. M. To the memory of Robert and Frances Shaver, and to Gail Goodman and Danielle and Lauren Goodman-Shaver —P. R. S. About the Authors Mario Mikulincer, PhD, is Professor of Psychology and Provost of the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya in Israel. His research interests include attachment styles in adult- hood, terror management theory, personality processes in interpersonal relationships, evolutionary psychology, human learned helplessness and depression, trauma and post- traumatic processes, coping with stress, qualitative research on emotional states, and mental rumination and self-focused attention. Dr. Mikulincer is a fellow of the Ameri- can Psychological Society and the Society for Personality and Social Psychology. He is a recipient of Israel’s EMET Prize for Art, Science, and Culture. Phillip R. Shaver, PhD, is Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the Uni- versity of California, Davis. He has published several books, including Handbook of Attachment, and over 250 journal articles and book chapters. Dr. Shaver’s research focuses on attachment, human motivation and emotion, close relationships, personality development, and the effects of meditation on behavior and brain. He is a fellow of the American Psychological Association and the Association for Psychological Science and is past president of the International Association for Relationship Research, which honored him with its Distinguished Career Award. He has also received Distinguished Career Awards from the Society of Experimental Social Psychology and the Society for Personal- ity and Social Psychology. vii Preface S ince the appearance of the first edition of this book in 2007, thousands of relevant research articles, books, and anthology chapters have been published. We found the lit- erature daunting even the first time around, but it is truly gargantuan now. Fortunately, the core of attachment theory continues to be well supported empirically, and the chapter categories that organized the first edition continue to be appropriate; so although this new edition contains much more information and exciting new directions, the outline of the book is largely the same. In this new edition we summarize, organize, and evaluate the literature that has grown up around the concepts of “adult attachment” and “attach- ment style” as these were first conceptualized in the late 1980s in papers by Hazan and Shaver (1987) and Shaver, Hazan, and Bradshaw (1988). We also briefly cover some of the key approaches to adult attachment that have been developed by researchers in other subfields of psychology. We organize the research findings around a model of the attachment behavioral system in adulthood, providing a launching pad for anyone wish- ing to understand, contribute to, or apply the large and still-expanding literature on adult attachment. The field now includes probes into the neuroscience and biopsychology of attachment, on one level of analysis; the psychology, conscious and unconscious, of attachment processes, at another level; the domain of close interpersonal relationships, at the dyadic level; and the realm of groups and organizations, at a higher level. It also includes a final section dealing with what Maslow (1968) called the “higher reaches of human nature,” that is, the links between attachment research and various themes in personal development, philosophy, and religion. Before this book—now in its second incarnation—existed, students, researchers, and clinicians who wished to enter the stream of adult attachment research had to skim Bowlby’s (1969/1982, 1973, 1980, 1988) weighty theoretical volumes, make their way through Ainsworth’s important psychometric and empirical work (especially as sum- marized by Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978), understand something about the Adult Attachment Interview (which is well described by Hesse in the three editions of the Handbook of Attachment; Cassidy & Shaver, 1999, 2008, 2016), and ponder the vari- ous self-report measures of adult attachment, beginning with Hazan and Shaver’s (1987) single-item measure of “romantic attachment” and running through a host of dimen- sional measures created by Collins and Read (1990); Simpson (1990); Feeney, Noller, and Hanrahan (1994); Brennan, Clark, and Shaver (1998); and Fraley, Heffernan, Vicary, and Brumbaugh (2011), among others (all explained in the present edition). ix

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