Atomic Physics and Quantum Mechanics PDF
Preview Atomic Physics and Quantum Mechanics
Atomic physics and Quantum mechanics acompanying notes Univ.-Prof. Dr. Enrico Arrigoni TU Graz - Austria Version from: November 13, 2010 Students of the course 515.300 “Atomphysik und Quantenmechanik fu¨r ET/MB” can access a more complete version of the lecture notes (access password restricted) interested people can ask me by e-mail: [email protected] PDF presentation using LaTeX and the Beamer Class http://latex-beamer.sourceforge.net EnricoArrigoni (TUGraz) AtomicPhysicsandQuantumMechanics WS2009 1/193 Contentofthislecture Content of this lecture Mainly from S. M. Blinder “Introduction to Quantum Mechanics in Chemistry, Materials Science, and Biology” 1 Introduction: atoms and electromagnetic waves 2 Failures of classical physics Blackbody radiation Photoelectric effect Line spectra 3 Wave and Particle duality Double-slit experiment Light carries momentum: Compton scattering Matter (Electrons) as waves 4 Bohr’s atom EnricoArrigoni (TUGraz) AtomicPhysicsandQuantumMechanics WS2009 2/193 Contentofthislecture Content of this lecture Mainly from S. M. Blinder “Introduction to Quantum Mechanics in Chemistry, Materials Science, and Biology” 1 Introduction: atoms and electromagnetic waves 2 Failures of classical physics Blackbody radiation Photoelectric effect Line spectra 3 Wave and Particle duality Double-slit experiment Light carries momentum: Compton scattering Matter (Electrons) as waves 4 Bohr’s atom EnricoArrigoni (TUGraz) AtomicPhysicsandQuantumMechanics WS2009 2/193 Contentofthislecture Content of this lecture Mainly from S. M. Blinder “Introduction to Quantum Mechanics in Chemistry, Materials Science, and Biology” 1 Introduction: atoms and electromagnetic waves 2 Failures of classical physics Blackbody radiation Photoelectric effect Line spectra 3 Wave and Particle duality Double-slit experiment Light carries momentum: Compton scattering Matter (Electrons) as waves 4 Bohr’s atom EnricoArrigoni (TUGraz) AtomicPhysicsandQuantumMechanics WS2009 2/193 Contentofthislecture Content of this lecture Mainly from S. M. Blinder “Introduction to Quantum Mechanics in Chemistry, Materials Science, and Biology” 1 Introduction: atoms and electromagnetic waves 2 Failures of classical physics Blackbody radiation Photoelectric effect Line spectra 3 Wave and Particle duality Double-slit experiment Light carries momentum: Compton scattering Matter (Electrons) as waves 4 Bohr’s atom EnricoArrigoni (TUGraz) AtomicPhysicsandQuantumMechanics WS2009 2/193 Contentofthislecture Content of this lecture 5 The wave function and Schr¨odinger equation Euristic derivation of Schr¨odinger equation Time-independent Schr¨odinger equation Interpretation of the wave function Summary: Schr¨odinger equation 6 Quantum mechanics of some simple systems Free particle Particle in a box Generalisations of the particle in a box Tunnel effect Three-dimensional box 7 Principles and Postulates of Quantum mechanics Postulates of Quantum Mechanics EnricoArrigoni (TUGraz) AtomicPhysicsandQuantumMechanics WS2009 3/193 Contentofthislecture Content of this lecture 5 The wave function and Schr¨odinger equation Euristic derivation of Schr¨odinger equation Time-independent Schr¨odinger equation Interpretation of the wave function Summary: Schr¨odinger equation 6 Quantum mechanics of some simple systems Free particle Particle in a box Generalisations of the particle in a box Tunnel effect Three-dimensional box 7 Principles and Postulates of Quantum mechanics Postulates of Quantum Mechanics EnricoArrigoni (TUGraz) AtomicPhysicsandQuantumMechanics WS2009 3/193 Contentofthislecture Content of this lecture 5 The wave function and Schr¨odinger equation Euristic derivation of Schr¨odinger equation Time-independent Schr¨odinger equation Interpretation of the wave function Summary: Schr¨odinger equation 6 Quantum mechanics of some simple systems Free particle Particle in a box Generalisations of the particle in a box Tunnel effect Three-dimensional box 7 Principles and Postulates of Quantum mechanics Postulates of Quantum Mechanics EnricoArrigoni (TUGraz) AtomicPhysicsandQuantumMechanics WS2009 3/193 Contentofthislecture Content of this lecture 8 Angular momentum and electron spin First step: “particle on a ring” Second step: “particle on the surface of a sphere” Electron spin 9 The Hydrogen atom Schr¨odinger equation and separation of variables Qualitative solution Classification of atomic orbitals 10 Many-electron atoms and the periodic table Pauli principle Building-up principle Hund’s rule EnricoArrigoni (TUGraz) AtomicPhysicsandQuantumMechanics WS2009 4/193 Contentofthislecture Content of this lecture 8 Angular momentum and electron spin First step: “particle on a ring” Second step: “particle on the surface of a sphere” Electron spin 9 The Hydrogen atom Schr¨odinger equation and separation of variables Qualitative solution Classification of atomic orbitals 10 Many-electron atoms and the periodic table Pauli principle Building-up principle Hund’s rule EnricoArrigoni (TUGraz) AtomicPhysicsandQuantumMechanics WS2009 4/193
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