Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants held at Teddington England September 1971 PDF
Preview Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants held at Teddington England September 1971
Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants 4 The four previously published conferences on Atomic Masses are: Nuclear Masses and Their Determinations, H. lIuiten- berger (ed.), Pergamon Press, London (1957). Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclidic Masses, H. E. Duckworth (ed.), University of Toronto Press, Toronto (1960). Nuclidic Masses, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Nuclidic Masses, W. H, Johnson, Jr. (ed.), Springer-Verlag, Wien-New York (1964). Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Atomic Masses, R. C. Barber (ed.), University of Manitoba Press, Winnipeg (1968). Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants 4 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants held at Teddington England September 19]1 Edited by J. H. Sanders University of Oxford Department of Physics Clarendon Laboratory Oxford and A. H. Wapstra Instituut voor Kernphysisch Onderzoek Ooster Ringdijk 18 Amsterdam 1006 9? PLENUM PRESS, London -New York ·1972 Plenum Publishing Company Ltd Davis House 8 Scrubs Lane London NW10 6SE Telephone 01-969 4727 U.S. Edition published by Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17th Street New York, New York 10011 Copyright © 1972 by Plenum Publishing Company Ltd Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1972 All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher. ISBN 978-1-4684-7878-5 ISBN 978-1-4684-7876-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-7876-1 LCC 72-80246 Page Bros. Ltd., Norwich Preface The Conference on Nuclear Masses and their Determination which was held at the Max Planck In stitute in Mainz from 10 to 12 July 1956 resulted in the formation by the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics of a Commission on Atomic Masses and Related Constants. Under the auspices of this Commission conferences covering these subjects were held in Hamilton, Ontario (12-16 September, 1960), in Vienna (15-19 July 1963) and in Winnipeg (28 August-1 September 1967). After the last of these conferences the Commission felt that the position regarding nuclear masses was reasonably good and that as a consequence the fundamental constants should get more emphasis in future conferences. For this reason they were very pleased to accept an offer from the National Physical Laboratory to accept the main burden of organizing the Fourth International Conference on Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants. An Organizing Committee was appointed with the members: J. H. Sanders, Chairman B. W. Petley, Secretary A. Horsfield, Treasurer P. Dean A. H. Wapstra. They were assisted by a Program Committee consisting of: A. H. Wapstra, Chairman E. R. Cohen A. Horsfield W. H. Johnson, Jr. J. H. Sanders J. Terrien. The Committees were greatly assisted at the National Physical Laboratory by Dr B. P. Kibble, the secretaries Miss P. Fowler and Mrs R. C. Gordon-Smith, and by Messrs. G. J. Hunt, D. J. McCauley and K. Morris who assisted in many ways, not the least being the arrangement of the ladies' program. Thanks to their efforts the Committees look back on a successful and smoothly organized Conference. The extent to which the Commission has carried out its intention regarding the emphasis of the Conference can be judged from the fact that the number of papers on fundamental constants rose to about thirty, compared with about ten in each of the two preceding conferences and very few in the first. The number of contributions on atomic masses stayed at about thirty and the program was full, but not uncomfortably so. v vi Preface The Organizing Committee was fully aware of present difficulties in providing travel funds for the Conference participants, and they are all the more grateful to the following generous sponsors: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures British Petroleum CODATA The European Physical Society EURATOM The International Atomic Energy Agency Imperial Chemical Industries Limited The International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry The International Union of Pure & Applied Physics The National Bureau of Standards The National Physical Laboratory N. V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken Physikalish· Technische Bundesanstalt The Royal Society Shell International Petroleum Co. Ltd. A summary of the conference is given in the last paper; two points can, however, be emphasised here. The first is that in the field of atomic mass determinations the precision of mass spectroscopic and nuclear reaction measurements has now reached the point where, corrections for atomic electron binding energies are necessary both for very light and for very heavy nuclides. As far as fundamental constants are concerned recent determinations involving quantum electrodynamics have proved to be very consistent and show that the theory on which they are based is valid to a high precision. The Editors of these Proceedings have kept in mind the value of rapid publication, and in securing this they would like to thank the authors for their cooperation, and the Plenum Publishing Company for their invaluable collaboration and for maintaining a high standard of production. A. H. WAPSTRA J. H. SANDERS Welcome to the 4th International Conference on Atomic Masses and Fundamental Constants John V. Dunworth, C.B., C.B.E. Director, National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, England I have never forgotten the moment when the late Dr. Bhabba who, in 1957 in his opening address to the first International Conference on Nuclear Power held at Geneva commented that most people who stood up had nothing to say. In consequence, he observed, there was no obvious criterion by which they could decide when to stop speaking. However, this morning I have a clear task to perform, which I do with much pleasure. Firstly I welcome those of you who have come from overseas to the United Kingdom. Secondly I welcome all of you to the National Physical Laboratory. The NPL is the designated authority in Great Britain for measurement science, and we serve government, industry, the universities, and in fact all concerned with science, ,engineering and education. Although our duty here is primarily to serve those who live and work in the United Kingdom, we are almost unique in that many of our activities in measurement science are subject to international discussion, and ultimately to agreement on an international basis insofar as their technical content is concerned. The International Standards Organisation, the Bureau of Weights and Measures at 5evres, the International Scientific Unions and Codata are amongst those organisations who are concerned in such discussions. Despite overlap in that individual decision may affect two or more of these bodies, there is rarely any real difficulty in reaching good agreement. The system works well, and it is by no means certain that an administratively tidier arrangement would be more effective. The National Physical Laboratory was established on its present site in 1900, though certain component parts had existed elsewhere in the United Kingdom prior to this date. The maturity of the site is a source of pleasure to the staff and to our many visitors. There are, unfortunately, very few laboratories which have been established for a sufficiently long time and with sufficient imagination in their site planning for one to be able to make an equivalent comment. The site has the attractiveness of an older town, where there is a somewhat random mixture of old and new buildings, and where the road system has developed from a mixture of pragmatism and planning. One particular feature of the Teddington site is the very vii viii Welcome beautiful garden adjoining Bushy House. I invite you all to take a stroll round it during the breaks in your sessions. I am sure you will find it relaxing and a pleasant place in which to hold some of those informal discussions which are such an important part of any conference. Finally I have been asked by Professor N. Kurti, the Chairman of the British National Committee of the Royal Society for Physics of which I am a member, to extend a welcome to you all on behalf of the Committee, and this I do with much pleasure. It only remains for me to wish you all a very successful conference. (In reply to this opening address, Professor Dr. A. H. Wapstra, president of the Commission on Atomic Masses and Related Constants of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, thanked Dr. Dunworth for his kind words and expressed the pleasure of all participants to find themselves at the National Physical Laboratory in Teddington). List of Participants ALLlSY, A. GIACOMO, P. PARKINSON, W. C. AMBLER, E. GOVE, N. B. RICH,A. BAIRD, J. C. GRENNBERG, B. ROESLER, F. L. BARBER, R. C. HARA, K. RYDER, J. S. BARGER, R. L. HART, M. RYTZ, A. BAY,Z. HELMER, R. G. SAKUMA,A. BERGKVIST, K. E. HILF, E. R. H. SANDERS, J. H. BONSE, U. JAFFE, A. A. SAUDER, W. C. BOS, K. JANECKE, J. SCHUL T, O. W. B. BOWER, V. E. JENNINGS, J. C. E. SCOTT, D. K. BOYNE, H. S. JOHNSON JR, W. H. SEEGER, P. A. BREITEN BERGER, E. KAYSER, D. C. SEN,S. K. BROWNE, C. P. KESSLER JR, E. G. SERIES, G. W. BUECHNER, W. W. KLAPISCH, R. SMITH, L. G. CERNY, J. KNOWLES, J. W. SMITH, S. J. COHEN, E. R. KOSE, V. E. SQUIER, G. T. A. CONNOR, R. D. KPONOU, A. STAUB, H. H. CSILLAG, L. LANGENBERG,D.N. STILLE, U. CZOK, U. LEA, K. R. TAYLOR, B. N. DESLATTES, R. D. LOWRY, R. A. TELEGDI, V. L. DRATH, P. MACFARLANE, J. C. TERRIEN, J. DUCKWORTH, H. E. MASUI, T. THOMAS, B. W. ELiEZER, I. McDONALD, D. G. TINKER, M. H. EVENSON, K. M. MILNE, A. D. VAN ASSCHE, P. EWALD, H. MONTAGUE, J. H. VAN DER LEUN, C. FARLEY,F. J. M. MULLER, J. W. VON GROOTE, H. FINNEGAN, T. F. MYERS, WM. WAPSTRA, A. H. FRANK, L. E. NIELSEN, O. B. WAY,K. FREEMAN, J. M. OGATA, K. WILLIAMS, P. GERSTENKORN, S. OLSEN, P. T. ZELDES, N. ix Contents Preface . v Welcome by J. V. Dunworth vii List of Participar.ts . ix Part 1 Particle Energies New Alphd Energy Standards A. Rytz, B. Grennberg and D. J. Gorman Influence of Atomic Effects on Nuclear Reaction Energies Hans H. Staub . 10 Gamma Ray Energy vs. Particle Energy Measurements C. P. Browne . . . . . 15 Masses of Light Nuclei Far from Stability Joseph Cerny . 26 Energy Determinations in Medium and Heavy Nuclei W C. Parkinson . 38 Mass Measurements of Neutron Excessive Nuclei by the (ll B, 8B) Reaction D. K. Scott, C. U. Cardinal, P. S. Fisher, P. Hudson and N. Anyas-Weiss. 54 Influence of Straggling Effects on the Accurate Measurement of Nuclear Reaction Energies Jorg W. Muller. 64 Part 2 Beta and Gamma Energies Improvements in the Determination of /3·Spectra End-Point Energies Karl-Erik Bergkvist . . . . . 77 Decay Energies of Far Unstable Nuclei The ISOLDE Collaboration, L. Westgaard, J. Zylicz and O. B. Nielson 94 Accurate Fermi Beta Decay Measurements and the Magnitude of the Weak Interaction Vector Coupling Constant J. M. Freeman, G. J. Clark, J. S. Ryder, W. E. Burcham, G. T. A. Squier and J. E. Draper. . . . 105
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