Atlas of the World Economy

186 Pages·2017·5.997 MB·English

by  Michael Freeman

ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS:
MODERN WORLD ECONOMY
Volume 6
ATLAS OF THE WORLD ECONOMY

ATLAS OF THE WORLD ECONOMY
MICHAEL FREEMAN
Firstpublishedin1991byRoutledge
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ATLAS of the
WORLD ECONOMY
Michael Freeman
Consulting Editor:
Derek Aldcroft
I~
LONDON and NEW YORK
First published 1991 by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
© 1991 Michael Freeman
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be
reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photo-
copying and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Freeman, Michael, 1950-
Atlas of the world economy.
1. Economic conditions
I. Title
330.9
ISBN 0-415-02496-X
Typeset by Butler & Tanner Ltd,
Frome and London
Printed in England by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc
Contents
List of illustrations vii
List of plates XI
Foreword Derek Aldcroft xiii
Preface and acknowledgements xv
Introduction 1
1 Population 9
2 Agriculture 27
3 Energy 47
4 Industry 65
5 National income 85
6 Transport and trade 103
7 Labour 123
8 Multinationals 147
References 166

List of i1 u1 stratio ns
Figure 1.1 World population growth, Figure 2.1 Percentage growth in average
1950-85 available food supply per capita
Figure 1.2 Percentage growth in popula- per day, 1950-80
tion, 1950-85 Figure 2.2 Africa: the calorie gap, 1981-3
Figure 1.3 Vital rates in the major regions Figure 2.3 Food production indices per
of the world capita, 1974-85
Figure 1.4 Regional shares of the world Figure 2.4 The primary foodgrains: wheat
population production
Figure 1.5 World population in 1950 Figure 2.5 The primary foodgrains: rice
Figure 1.6 World population in 1985 production
Figure 1.7 The populations of the world's Figure 2.6 World production of major
states, mid-1986 cereals, 1950-85
Figure 1.8 Population increase by state, Figure 2.7 The primary foodgrains: maize
1960-86 production
Figure 1.9 Age structures of major world Figure 2.8 Area in major food crops, 1948-
populations, 1985 52
Figure 1.10 Vital rates in Asia and Africa, Figure 2.9 Yield of cereals, 1950-85
1980-5 (by state) Figure 2.10 Area in major food crops, 1980,
Figure 1.11 Asia: annual rate of population and percentage gain or loss since
increase, 1980-5 1948-52
Figure 1.12 China: changes in estimated Figure 2.11 World food production, 1980-5
vital rates, 1950-85 Figure 2.12 Food production in relation to
Figure 1.13 India: fertility, 1948-81 population growth, 197 4-84, in
Figure 1.14 Africa: annual rate of popu- 105 developing countries
lation increase, 1980-5 Figure 2.13 Africa: countries recurrently
Figure 1.15 Africa: fertility trends, 1962-5 affected by food shortages,
to 1980-5 1977-84
Figure 1.16 Europe: vital rates, 1980-5 Figure 2.14 India: cereal production, 1950-
Figure 1.17 Europe: rates of natural in- 84
crease, 1980-5 Figure 2.15 Asia: cereal yields, 1974-85
Figure 1.18 Africa: urban population, early Figure 2.16a Arable area and area under per-
1980s manent crops per capita of agri-
Figure 1.19 Africa: relationship between cultural labour force, 1980-2
natural increase and percentage Figure 2.16b Fertilizer consumption per
of population 'urban' hectare of arable land and area
Figure 1.20 Asia: urban population, early under permanent crops, 1980-2
1980s Figure 2.16c Irrigated area as a percentage of
vii