Atlas of the flora of New England: Monocots except Poaceae and Cyperaceae

119 Pages·2000·40.1 MB·English

by  R Angelo

RHODORA,
No. 1-119, 2000
Vol. 102, 909,
pp.
NEW MONOCOTS
ATLAS OF THE FLORA OF ENGLAND:
AND
POACEAE CYPERACEAE
EXCEPT
Ray Angelo
New
England 22 Avenue,
Botanical Club, Divinity
MA
Cambridge, 02138-2020
[email protected]
e-mail:
David Bouffof^d
E.
Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue,
MA
Cambridge, 02138-2020
[email protected]
e-mail:
ABS rRACT. Dot maps are provided to depict the distribution at the county
Monocotyledons Poaceae and Cyperaceae
level of the families of except
New
growing outside of cuhivation in the six England states of the north-
eastern United States. The 325 of the 329 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties,
and hybrids, but not forms) treated are mapped based on specimens in the
New
Rhode
major herbaria of Maine, Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts,
New
Island, and Connecticut, with primary emphasis on the holdings of the
synonymy
England Botanical Club Herbarium (ni-bc). Brief to account for
chromosome
names used in recent manuals and floras for the area, habitat and
common
names
information, and are also provided.
New
Key Words: flora, England, atlas, distribution, Juncaceae, Liliaceae,
Orchidaceae, Potamogetonaceae, aquatic plants, rushes, lilies,
orchids
* V
This article the third in a series that will present the distri-
is
New
butions of the vascular flora of England in the form of dot
maps The
distribution the county level (Figure atlas post-
at 1). is
ed on the internet http://www. herbaria. harvard. eduZ-^rangelo/
at
we
NeatlasOAVebIntro.html where attempt keep updated.
will to
it
and
This project encompasses vascular plants (ptcridophytes
all
spermatophytes) the rank of species, subspecies, and variety
at
New
growing England
outside of cultivation in the six states.
below
Hybrids are also included, but forms and other ranks the
level of variety are not. The dots are based primarily on voucher
New
England
specimens herbaria of representing repro-
in the
ducing populations, or plants persisting long after cultivation
when
uncertain that they are actually naturalized. This third
is
it
Monocotyledoneae except
installment includes the families of the
The number
the Poaceae and Cyperaceae. of taxa treated 329,
is
1
2 Rhodora
[Vol. 102
of which 325 are mapped. Of these 329 56 (mostly
taxa,
in Lil-
iciceae) arc not native to the region. Future accounts will treat the
distribution of the rest of the angiosperms.
We
intend to gather this series of articles, together with addi-
tional background material, into a separate volume upon comple-
tion of all the maps. It is our hope, in the meantime, that these
work
articles will stimulate additional supplement
field to the
New
distributions portrayed in the maps. The England Botanical
Club herbarium, which has proven to be the most important
re-
source
for this project, especially eager receive specimens
is to
We
documenting
range extensions. also would be informed
like to
of such specimens in other herbaria. Similarly, because the
atlas
New
of the England flora will be continuously updated new
as
becomes we
information
available, are eager receive
to notifica-
tion of published corrections of cytological information and new,
documented chromosome New
counts for taxa in the England
flora.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials and methods are as outlined Angelo and Boufford
in
and
(1996) are not repeated here.
rAXONOMY AND FORMAT
The taxonomy
and nomenclature adopted work
for essen-
this
tially follow that of the Flora of North America project in pro-
gress, except that families, genera, and species are arranged
al-
Named
unnamed
and
phabetically. hybrid taxa are placed
eilpha-
Unnamed
betically at the end of the genus. hybrids combine the
names
of the progenitors alphabetically by Taxa
epithet. that are
New
not native to England are indicated by uppercase Un-
text.
names
published are not used, even publication pending.
if
is
chromosome
Cited numbers from
are taken indices prepared
by Cave
(1958a, b, 1959a, b, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964,
Goldblatt
1965), (1981, 1984, 1985, 1988), Goldblatt and John-
son (1990, 1991, 1994, 1996), Love and Love Moore
(1975),
(1973, 1974, 1977), and Ornduff (1967, 1968, 1969). Very few
New
of the counts are based on material from England,
but
in-
made
stead reflect counts from throughout the range of the taxon.
Synonymy I
provided names
primarily with respect
is to ac-
—
New
Angelo and Boufford Atlas of England Flora 3
2000]
New
manuals covering England published
cepted standard
in
Gleason
from 1950 onward, including Fernald (1950), (1952),
Seymour Synonyms
Gleason and Cronquist and (1982).
(1991),
have not been provided where the distribution for the synony-
mi
famili
that have been transferred to other taxa:
Acoraceae
Araceae
(Aconis) =>
AMARYLLIDACEAE LiLIACEAE
=>
Habenaria Coeloglossiim
(in part) =>
^
Habenaria Platanthera
(in part)
Smilacaceae
LiLIACEAE (Smilax) =>
Agavaceae
LiLIACEAE (Yucca)
=>
Lophotocarpus
=> Sagittaria
Amerorchis
Orchis (in part) =>
Orchis Galearis
(in part) =>
Potamogeton Stuckenia
(in part) =>
Maiantheniitm
Smilacina
=*
The following species are reported from our area in manuals,
but no specimens were seen, or the substantiating specimens were
misidentified:
Melanthium hybridum Walter (no specimen seen)
=
rotundifolia
[misidentified:
S.
Linnaeus
(Sorrie 1987)]
ANGIOSPERMAE (MAGNOLIOPSIDA)
ANGIOSPERMS
MONOCOTYLEDONEAE
(LILIIDAE)
ACORACEAE
—
Sweet
Acorus americaniis (Rafinesque) Rafinesque Flag (Figure
=
wet meadows. calamus
2n Marshes,
24. shores, [A.
2).
may
The mapped include specimens
misapplied; distribution
CALAMUS,
which
not
of the introduced sterile triploid, A. is
generally distinguished in herbaria.]
ACORUS CALAMUS -
Linnaeus—Sweet 2n
Flag (Figure 36.
2).
From
Marshes, shores, wet meadows. Europe. [This sterile
4 Rhodora
[Vol. 102
triploid is not separated from the native speeies in most her-
baria.]
ACiAVACKAi:
YUCCA FILAMENTOSA =
Linnaeus— Yucca In 60
(Figure
2).
From
Roadsides.
farther south.
VLISMATACEAE
t
—
^
gramineum Muddy
Alisma Lejeune (Figure In
2). 14, 16.
shores and shallow water of basic lakes and streams.
—
Alisma
subcordafuni Rafinesque Southern Water-plantain (Fig-
=
Muddy
ure or sandy marshes,
3). 2/7 14. shores, ditches,
shallow water. [A. plantago-aqiiatica Linnaeus van parvijlo-
(Pursh) Torrey]
ruf)j
—
=
Alisma triviale Pursh Northern Water-planlain (Figure 2n
3).
Muddy
marshes, shallow
28. shores, ditches, water.
14, [A,
&
amehcana
phuitago-aquatica Linnaeus van A. Schultes
J.
Schultes]
—
—
Buchenau
Echinodoriis tenellus (Martins) (Figure 2n
3).
?.
Sandy shores of streams and parvidus Engelmann]
lakes. [E.
—
=
Sagittaria cimeata Sheldon Wapato (Figure 2n Al-
22.
3).
muddy
kaline waters of shores and shallow water of
rivers.
—
^
Sagittaria engelmanniana G. Smith (Figure 2n
22.
J. 4).
Acidic waters of shores, marshes, and bogs.
—
^
Sagittaria G. Smith (Figure 2n Deep water
filifonnis
J. 4). ?.
of streams and suhulata (Linnaeus) Buchenau
in rapids.
[S.
Watson)
gracillima G. Smith]
var. (S.
J.
—
=
Sagittaria graminea Michciux subsp. graminea (Figure 2n
4).
Muddy
22. or sandy shores, shallow water. catonii G.
[5. J.
Smith]
—
=
Muddy
Willdenow
Sagittaria (Figure 2n
latifolia 22.
4).
Willdenow
shores, ditches, bogs. van ohtusa
[S. latifolia
(Muhlenberg) Wiegand]
&
Chamisso
montevidensis
Sagittaria Schlechtendahl subsp.
—
—
New
Angelo and Boufford Atlas of England Flora 5
2000J
—
^
(Engelmann)
spongiosa Bogin^ (Figure 22. Tidal
5). 2/7
mud
of estuaries and marshes. spatulata G.
flats salt [S, (J.
Smith) Buchenau; Lophotocarpus spongiosits (Engelmann)
J.
G. Smith]
—
=
Sagittaria rigida Pursh (Figure 2n 22. Alkaline or brack-
5).
ish shores and shallow water.
—
—
Buchenau
Sagittaria subulata (Linnaeus) (Figure 22.
5). 2/7
mud.
Tidal
—
=
Watson Acid sandy
Sagittaria teres S. (Figure 5). 2/7 22.
pond
shores.
\RACEAE
>
—
Arisaema dracontium (Linnaeus) Schott Green Dragon (Figure
=
2n Rich
28, 56. or alluvial soil.
6).
—
Arisaema
triphyUiim (Linnaeus) Schott Jack-in-the-pulpit (Fig-
^
2n Rich damp-to-wet woods, boggy
ure 28, 36, 56.
6).
triphyUiim pusillum Peck; A, triphyllum van
places.
[A. var.
&
Wiegand Eames;
stewardsonii (Britton) Stevens ex A.
atrorubens (Alton) Blume; A, pusillum (Peck) Nash; A. ste-
wardsonii Britton]
Arisaema
hybrids
X
Arisaema dracontium (Linnaeus) Schott Arisaema triphyllum
—
(Linnaeus) Schott (Figure
6).
—
=
Wild
Calla palustris Linnaeus Calla (Figure 36, 60,
6). 2/z
swampy
Bogs, marshes, woods, pond margins, shallow
72.
water.
—
=
Orontium aquaticum Linnaeus Golden Club (Figure 2n
7).
Shallow water of ponds, sandy, muddy, or sphagnous
26.
shores.
Arum
Aitow
Peltandra virginica (Linnaeus) Schott (Figure
7).
=
mud
2n 112. Shallow water or margins of ponds and
at
damp
swamps, meadows.
bogs,
streams,
—
Skunk Cabbage
Symplocarpus foetidus (Linnaeus) Nuttall (Fig-
—
Rhodora
6 102
[Vol.
^
Swamps, damp
2n and woods, wet
ure 26, 60. thickets
7).
meadows,
shores.
lUnOMACEAE
BUTOMUS
UMBELLATUS
Linnaeus— Rush
Flowering
(Figure
-
Muddy
7). 2n 16, 20, 24, 26, 30, 39. shores and marshes.
From
Eurasia.
COMMKLINACEAE
COMMELINA COMMUNIS
Linnaeus—
Dayflowcr
Asiatic (Fig-
=
2n 36-90. Waste
ure 8). 16, 22, 28, 32, places, roadsides,
COM-
From
[C
disturbed moist soil in shade. eastern Asia.
MUNIS LUDENS
van (Miquel) C. B. Clarke]
COMMELINA
DIFFUSA
Burman f.—
Creeping Dayflower
(Fig-
=
From
ure 28-60. Waste places. the Old World.
8). 2/z 18,
TRADESCANTIA BRACTEATA
Small—
Sticky Spiderwort (Fig-
=
From
ure 8). 2/7 12, 18, 24. Roadsides. farther west.
—
Smooth
Tradescantia ohiensis Rafinesque Spiderwort (Figure
^
Roadsides, waste
8). 2/z 12, 24. places, thickets.
—
Widow's
Tradescantia virgiuiaua Linnaeus Tears (Figure
9). 2//
=
+
24 6B. Roadsides, waste
12, 18, 24, places, thickets.
—
Tradescantia hybrids
TRADESCANTIA
X SUBAS-
Tradescantia ohiensis Rafinesque
PERA Gawler—
Ker
(Figure
9).
X
Tradescantia ohiensis Rafinesque Tradescantia Lin-
virgifiiana
—
naeus (Figure
9).
DIOSCOREACEAE
DIOSCOREA BATATAS
Decaisne—
Cinnamon-vine
(Figure
9).
—
140-144. From
2n Thickets, waste China.
ca. places.
—
Yam =
Dioscorea Linnaeus Wild
villosa (Figure 10). 2n 60.
Damp
wet woods,
thickets, roadsides.
—
New
Angelo and Boufford England
2000] Atlas of Flora 7
ERIOCAULACEAE
—
Druce
Eriocaiilon aquatic urn (Hill) White-buttons (Figure
10).
^
2n 32, 64, Acid shores, shallow water, and bogs. sep~
[£".
tangulare Withering]
—
=
Eriocaulon parkeri B. L. Robinson (Figure 2n 48. Tidal
10).
mud
and
estuaries.
HAEMODORACEAE
—
Dandy
Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lamarck) Redroot (Figure
—
2n Sandy sphagnous pond
24, 48. or shores.
10). [L. tine-
Gmelin)
toria ElHott]
(J. F.
HYDROCHARITACEAE
EGERIA DENSA =
Planchon—
(Figure 2n 46, 48. Ponds.
11).
From [ELODEA DENSA
and
Brazil Argentina. (Planchon)
ANACHARIS DENSA
Caspary; (Planchon) Marie-
Victorin]
—
=
Elodea canadensis Michaux (Figure 11). 2n 24, 48. Ponds,
lakes, and quiet streams, mostly basic. [Anacharis canadensis
(Michaux) Richardson]
;
—
=
Elodea (Planchon) John (Figure 2n 48.
nuttallii St. 11).
Ponds, lakes, and streams, acidic to moderately basic. [An-
acharis Planchon]
nuttallii
HYDRILLA VERTICILLATA Royle—
(Linnaeus (Figure
11).
f.)
—
From
2n 16, 24, 32. Ponds, lakes, and streams. the Old
World.
—
Michaux
Vallisneria americatui Water-celery (Figure 2n
12).
Ponds and
20. quiet streams.
IRIDACEAE
BELAMCANDA
CHINENSIS
Candolle—
(Linnaeus) de (Figure
=
2n
12). 16, 27, 28, 30, 32, 128. Fields, roadsides, thickets,
From
open woods.
eastern Asia.
CROCUS VERNUS VERNUS—
Dutch
(Linnaeus) Hill subsp.
J.
—
Rhodora
8
[Vol. 102
=
+
Crocus (Figure 16 2B,
12). 2/; 8, 10, 12, 16, 18, 19,
From
20, 22, 23, 32. Grasslands. Europe.
-
CRISTATA Aiton— Dwarf
IRIS Crested (Figure In
24,
Iris 12).
From
32. Rich woods, acid farther south and west.
in soils.
GERMANICA
-
Linnaeus—
IRIS
Fleur-de-lis (Figure 2n
13). 28,
From
36-48. Roadsides, waste Europe.
places.
—
KAEMPFERI
IRIS Siebold ex Lemairc Japanese (Figure
Iris
=
From
2n 24. Habitat? Japan.
13).
—
^
Iris prismatica Pursh Slender Blue Flag (Figure 2n 42.
13).
Marshes, meadows, swamps,
sands, shores, seacoasts.
PSEUDACORUS =
Linnaeus—
IRIS Yellow
(Figure 2n
Iris 13).
24-34. Swamps, wet meadows,
marshes, brooksides, waste
From
Europe.
places.
PUM LA—
PUMILA =
IRIS Linnaeus
subsp. (Figure
I 14). 2/z 20,
Dry From
rocky
24, 30, 31, 32. knolls. Eurasia.
=
Iris serosa Pallas— Beachhead (Figure 2n 34-38.
Iris 14).
Rocky
slopes, upper borders of beaches, moist always
fields,
near water hookeri Penny ex G. Don]
salt [Iris
-
SIBIRICA Linnaeus—
IRIS Siberian (Figure 2n Wet
Iris 14). 28.
meadows, From
waste
Eurasia.
lots.
TECTORUM
Maximowicz— -
IRIS
Wall (Figure
Iris 14). 2// 28,
From
36. Habitat? China.
—
^
Iris versicolor Linnaeus Blue Flag (Figure 2n 108.
15).
Swamps, meadows,
marshes,
shores, ditches.
—
hybrids
Iris
—
X
Ummicus
prismatica Pursh
versicolor (Figure
Iris Iris 15)
—
^
Sisyrinchiiun albidum Rafinesque (Figure 2n
32, 64.
15).
Dry, open and woodkmds.
sandy,
soil thin
—
Sisyrinchium angiistifolium Miller Stout Blue-eyed Grass (Fig-
=
Meadows,
ure 2n 48. low woods,
15). fields, thickets,
damp
shores. bernnidiana misapplied; grafninoides
[S. S.
Bicknell]
—
New
Angelo and Boufford Atlas of England Flora 9
2000]
—
Sisyrinchium atlanticiim Bicknell Eastern Blue-eyed Grass (Fig-
=
2n Meadows, marshes, low woods.
ure 16). 16, 32, 96.
—
=
2n
Sisyrinchium fiiscatum Bicknell (Figure 32. Grass-
16).
mostly sandy arenicola Bicknell]
lands,
soils.
[S.
—
^Common
Sisyrinchium montanum Greene van crebrum Fernald-
^
meadows,
Blue-eyed Grass (Figure 2n 32, 96. Fields,
16).
open woods.
—
Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michaux Slender Blue-eyed Grass
^
Meadows,
2n sandy
(Figure 16). 30, 32. fields, places,
open woods.
JUNCACEAE
—
=
mud
Juncus acuminatus Michaux (Figure 2n 40. Tidal
17).
meadows.
marsh
borders, ditches, shores,
salt
flats,
—
^
Juncus Chaix Alpine Rush (Figure 2n
cilpinoarticulatus 17).
meadows,
40. Shores, usually basic. alpinus Villars;
J.
[/.
alpinus fuscescens Fernald; alpinus Villars
Villars var.
J.
\<x\\
Hartmann]
rariflorus
—
^
Juncus anthelatus (Wiegand) R. E. Brooks (Figure
17). 2/t
Willdenow
Moist sandy an-
80. or clay soils. tenuis var.
[./.
Wiegand]
thelatus
Juncus Willdenow (Willdenow) Trautvet-
arcticus balticus
var.
—
=
Wire Rush (Figure 2n 40, 80. Sandy shores,
ter 17).
sphagnous meadows. Willdenow
balticus var. littoralis
[J.
Engelmann]
—
—
Juncus articulatus Linnaeus (Figure 2n 40, 80. Shores,
18).
obtusatus Engel-
springy spots, ditches. articulatus var.
[/.
mann]
—
^
Juncus brachycarpus Engelmann (Figure 2n 44. Salt
18).
ocean
marshes, beaches.
Buchenau—
Juncus brachycephalus (Engelmann) (Figure 2n
18).
=
meadows, swamps.
Basic marshes,
80. shores,
=
Fernald^(Figure 2n
Juncus brevicaudatus (Engehiiann)
18).
marshes.
Shores, bogs,
80.
—
=
Juncus bufonius Linnaeus Toad Rush (Figure 2n 21-37,
19).
Rhodora
]0
[Vol. 102
58-81, 108-115,
40, ca. 54, 106, 120. Shores, marshes,
salt
roadsides, moist to wet boiTOw bufouius van halo-
pits.
[J.
&
Buchenau
philus Fernald]
—
—
Gay
Jimciis canadensis (Figure 2n Shores,
80.
19).
J.
swamps, marshes, meadows. canadensis
var. sparsiflonis
[J.
Fernald]
UNCUS COMPRESSUS
=
J Jacques—
(Figure 2n 40, 44.
19).
Disturbed wet ground,
especially ditches, roadsides,
fre-
From
quently saline or basic Europe. bulbosus Lin-
soils.
[/.
naeus]
—
=
Gray
Jitncus debilis A. (Figure 2n Ditches, pools,
19).
?.
shores.
—
—
Junciis dichotomiis (Figure 2n Sandy
Elliott 20). 80. or
sphagnous marsh
shores, salt borders. platyphylliis (Wie-
[J.
gand) Fernald; tenuis Willdenow dichotomus
7. var. (Elliott)
Wood]
A.
JUNCUS
DIFFUSISSIMUS =
Buckley. 2n Disturbed open
bar-
?.
From
rens. farther south. [Voucher discovered while mss.
in
CT
press. South Windsor, Hartford County, (conn).]
—
=
Juncus Wiegand
dudleyi (Figure 2n
20). 42, 80, ca. 84.
boggy meadows,
Shores, Willdenow
in basic soils. tenuis
[J,
F
dudleyi (Wiegand) Hermann]
var.
J.
—
=
Juncus Linnaeus Rush
ejfusus Tufted (Figure 20). 2n 40,
5,
Marshy
42. ground, low compactus
spots. effusus
var.
[J,
&
Lejeune
Courtois; conglomeratus (Linnaeus)
J, effusus var.
Engelmann;
J. effusus var. costulatus Fernald; /. effusus var.
dccipiens Buchenau; pylaei (Laharpe) Fernald
effusus var.
J.
& &
Wiegand;
effusus var. solutus Fernald Wiegand;
/. 7.
conglomeratus
Linnaeus; pylaei Laharpe]
7.
—
=
Juncus Linnaeus (Figure 2n
filifonnis 20). 40, 70, 80, 84.
swamps, meadows.
Shores, bogs, alpine
—
Juncus gerardii Loiseleur-Deslongchamps Black Grass
(Figure
=
2n marshes.
21). 80, 84. Salt gerardii pedicellatus
var.
[7.
Fernald]
—
&
=
Juncus greenei Oakes Tuckerman Dry
(Figure 2n
21). 80.