Atlas of Oral Microbiology: From Healthy Microflora to Disease

118 Pages·2015·29.93 MB·English

by  Xuedong Zhou

ATLAS OF ORAL MICROBIOLOGY
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ATLAS OF ORAL
MICROBIOLOGY
FROM HEALTHY MICROFLORA TO DISEASE
Edited by
X Z
uedong hou
Y L
uqing i
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School/Hospital of Stomatology,
Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON
NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO

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ISBN: 978-0-12-802234-4
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Contents
Contributors � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � vii
Preface � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �ix
1. Basic Biology of Oral Microbes
1.1 Cytological Basis of Microorganisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.2 Microbial Morphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.3 Microbial Cell Structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.4 Microbial Physiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
1.5 Microbial Genetics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
2. Techniques for Oral Microbiology
2.1 Smear and Stain Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
2.2 Isolation, Incubation, and Identification Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
2.3 Microscopy Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
2.4 Oral Microecology Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32
2.5 Oral Microbiome Techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
3. Supragingival Microbes
3.1 Gram-Positive Bacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
3.2 Gram-Negative Bacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
4. Subgingival Microbes
4.1 Gram-Positive Bacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
4.2 Gram-Negative Bacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
5. Oral Mucosal Microbes
5.1 Gram-Positive Bacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95
5.2 Gram-Negative Bacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100
5.3 Mycoplasma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103
5.4 Fungi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
5.5 Virus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
v
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Contributors
Lei Cheng Wei Qiu
Xingqun Cheng Yu Sun
Meng Deng Haohao Wang
Xiaohong Deng Suping Wang
Qin Du Yan Wang
Yang Ge Yuan Wei
Qiang Guo Liying Xiao
Jinzhi He Xiaorong Xiao
Wenxiang Jia Xin Xu
Di Kang Kaiyu Yang
Yu Kuang Jumei Zeng
Chenglong Li Keke Zhang
Mingyun Li Wenling Zhang
Yan Li Xin Zheng
Yuqing Li Han Zhou
Chengcheng Liu Shuangshuang Zhou
Xianghong Liu Xuedong Zhou
Chuan Lu Yuan Zhou
Xian Peng Zhu Zhu
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Preface
The human body is home to a diverse range of microorganisms, including a variety of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and
viruses, estimated to outnumber human cells in a healthy adult by 10-fold. The importance of characterizing human
microbiota for understanding health and disease is highlighted by the recent launch of the Human Microbiome Proj-
ect (HMP) by the National Institutes of Health. Changes in colonization sites or imbalance of normal microflora may
lead to the occurrence of the disease. The mouth harbors a diverse, abundant, and complex microbial community
and oral microorganisms are often closely related to many infectious diseases.
This book is keeping up with the advanced edge of the international research field of microbiology. For the first
time, it innovatively gives us a complete description of the oral microbial systems according to different oral ecosys-
tems. This book collects a large number of oral microbial pictures, including full-color pictures, colonies photos, and
electron microscopy photos. It is by far the most abundant oral microbiology atlas and consists of the largest number
of pictures. In the meantime, it also describes in detail a variety of experimental techniques, including microbiologi-
cal isolation, culture, and identification. It is a monograph with strong practical function.
This book is the first professional and comprehensive color atlas of oral microbiology and it has important aca-
demic and application value. The editors and writers have long been engaged in teaching and research work in oral
microbiology and oral microecology; they had finished the first color atlas of the oral microbial morphology and
ultrastructure, which was written in Chinese. They all have a solid theoretical foundation and rich experience in oral
microbiological research.
This exceptional book deserves a broad audience, and it will meet the needs of researchers, clinicians, teachers,
and students majoring in biology, stomatology, basic medicine, or clinical medicine. It can also be used to facilitate
teaching and international academic exchanges.
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