Atlas of Human Anatomy: Including Student Consult Interactive Ancillaries and Guides, 6e

2014·416.56 MB·English

BONUS PLATES
s
BP1 Degenerative Changes in the Cervical Vertebrae
BP2 Atlanto-occipital Junction
BP3 Muscles of Facial Expression: Anterior View
e BP4 Subclavian Artery
BP5 Sympathetic Nervous System: General Topography
BP6 Parasympathetic Nervous System: General Topography
BP7 Cholinergic and Adrenergic Synapses: Schema
BP8 Spinal Cord Cross Sections: Fiber Tracts
t BP9 Cervical Ribs and Related Anomalies
BP10 Muscles of Respiration
BP11 Pulmonary Arteries and Veins
BP12 Coronary Arteries and Cardiac Veins: Variations
a
BP13 Arteries of Esophagus: Variations
BP14 Intrinsic Nerves and Variations in Nerves of Esophagus
BP15 Lumbar Vertebrae: Radiographs
BP16 Thorax: Tracheal Bifurcation, Left Atrium (Coronal Section: Midaxillary Line)
l BP17 Inguinal and Femoral Regions
BP18 Indirect Inguinal Hernia
BP19 Variations in Position and Contour of Stomach in Relation to Body Habitus
P BP20 Some Variation in Posterior Peritoneal Attachment of Cecum
BP21 Sigmoid Colon: Variations in Position
BP22 Topography of Liver
BP23 Variations in Form of Liver
BP24 Liver Segments and Lobes: Vessel and Duct Distribution
BP25 Variations in Cystic, Hepatic, and Pancreatic Ducts
BP26 Variations in Pancreatic Duct
BP27 Variations in Hepatic Arteries
BP28 Variations in Cystic Arteries
s BP29 Variations in Celiac Trunk
BP30 Variations in Colic Arteries – Part I
BP31 Variations in Colic Arteries – Part II
BP32 Variations and Anomalies of Hepatic Portal Vein
BP33 Lymph Vessels and Nodes of Liver
u
BP34 Variations in Renal Artery and Vein
BP35 Abdomen Cross Section: Illeocecal Junction
BP36 Abdomen Cross Section: Sacral Promontory
BP37 Female Urethra
BP38 Ligaments of Wrist
n
BP39 Ovary, Ova, and Follicles
BP40 Variations in Hymen
BP41 Nephron and Collecting Tubule: Schema
BP42 Blood Vessels in Parenchyma of Kidney: Schema
BP43 Schematic Cross Section of Abdomen at Middle T12
o BP44 Vertebral Veins: Detail Showing Venous Communications
BP45 Vertebral Ligaments
BP46 Tympanic Cavity
BP47 Cross Section through Prostate
BP48 Muscle Attachments of Ribs
BP49 Coronary Arteries: Right Anterior Oblique Views
B
BP50 Male and Female Cystourethrograms
BP51 Layers of Duodenal Wall
BP52 Arteries of Upper Limb
BP53 Arteries of Lower Limb
BP54 Leg: Serial Cross Sections
Atlas of
Human
Anatomy
Sixth Edition
Frank H. Netter, MD
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste. 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
ATLAS OF HUMAN ANATOMY Standard Edition: 978-1-4557-0418-7
SIXTH EDITION International Edition: 978-0-8089-2451-7
Professional Edition: 978-1-4557-5888-3
Copyright © 2014 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and
experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional
practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge
in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described
herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety
and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional
responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to
check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the
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responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their
patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each
individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or
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matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any
methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
Previous editions copyrighted 2011, 2006, 2003, 1997, 1989
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Senior Content Development Specialist: Marybeth Thiel
Publishing Services Manager: Patricia Tannian
Senior Project Manager: John Casey
Senior Design Manager: Lou Forgione
Illustration Buyer: Karen Giacomucci
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Consulting Editors
John T. Hansen, Ph.D.
Lead Editor
Associate Dean for Admissions
Professor of Neurobiology and Anatomy
University of Rochester Medical Center
Rochester, New York
Brion Benninger, MD, MS
Professor, Chair Medical Anatomical Sciences, Family Medicine,
and Neuromuscular Medicine College of Dental Medicine,
Western University of Health Sciences Lebanon, Oregon;
Orthopaedic and General Surgery Residency Program
Samaritan Hospital Corvallis, Oregon;
Surgery, Orthopedics & Rehabilitation,
and Oral Maxillofacial Surgery
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland, Oregon
Jennifer Brueckner-Collins, PhD
Professor and Vice Chair of Educational Programs
Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology
University of Louisville School of Medicine
Louisville, Kentucky
Todd M. Hoagland, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy
Medical College of Wisconsin
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
R. Shane Tubbs, MS, PA-C, PhD
Pediatric Neurosurgery
Children’s Hospital of Alabama
Birmingham, Alabama
Professor of Anatomy
Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George’s University,
Grenada Centre of Anatomy and Human Identification,
Dundee University, United Kingdom
Contributing Medical Illustrator
Carlos A. G. Machado, MD
Editors of Previous Editions
First Edition Fourth Edition Fifth Edition
Sharon Colacino, PhD John T. Hansen, PhD John T. Hansen, PhD
Jennifer K. Brueckner, PhD Brion Benninger, MD, MS
Second Edition Stephen W. Carmichael, PhD, Jennifer K. Brueckner, PhD
Arthur F. Dalley II, PhD DSc Stephen W. Carmichael, PhD,
Thomas R. Gest, PhD DSc
Third Edition Noelle A. Granger, PhD Noelle A. Granger, PhD
John T. Hansen, PhD Anil H. Waljii, MD, PhD R. Shane Tubbs, MS, PA-C,
PhD
International Advisory Board
Sadakazu Aiso, MD, PhD Victor J. Götzens, PhD Thazhumpal C. Mathew, MSc,
Professor Professor of Human Anatomy and PhD, FRCPath
Department of Anatomy Embryology Professor
Keio University School of Medicine Department of Pathology and Vice Dean for Research Training and
Tokyo, Japan Experimental Therapeutics Consultation
Faculty of Medicine Faculty of Allied Health Sciences,
Nihal Apaydin, MD University of Barcelona Health Sciences Centre
Associate Professor Barcelona, Spain Kuwait University
Department of Anatomy Kuwait City, Kuwait
Ankara University Faculty of Medicine Sung-Tsang Hsieh, MD, PhD
Ankara, Turkey Departments of Anatomy and Cell Janusz Morys´, MD, PhD
Biology and Neurology Professor
Col. Rajan Bhatnagar, MD Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences Department of Anatomy and
Armed Forces Medical College National Taiwan University Neurobiology
Wanowrie, Pune, India Taipei, Taiwan Medical University of Gdansk
Gdansk, Poland
Lucio Cocco, MD Tang Jun Min, MD
Professor and Head Professor Eduardo Cotecchia Ribeiro,
Cellular Signaling Laboratory Department of Anatomy, Histology, MS, PhD
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Embryology Associate Professor of Descriptive and
University of Bologna Peking University Health Science Topographic Anatomy
Bologna, Italy Center Department of Morphology and
Beijing, China Genetics
Yu Enhua, MD, PhD Federal University of Sao Paulo
Professor Rachel Koshi, MBBS, MS, PhD School of Medicine
Department of Anatomy, Histology, Professor of Anatomy in Cell and Sao Paulo, Brazil
and Embryology Developmental Biology
Peking University Health Science Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar Jean-Pierre Richer, MD, PhD
Center Doha, Qatar Professeur d’Anatomie
Beijing, China Chirurgien des Hôpitaux
Marios Loukas, MD, PhD Université de Poitiers
Quentin A. Fogg, PhD Professor and Chair Poitiers, France
William Hunter Senior Lecturer in Department of Anatomical Sciences
Anatomy Dean of Research, School of Medicine Andreas H. Weiglein, MD
School of Life Sciences St. George’s University Professor
University of Glasgow Grenada, West Indies Vice Chair, Institute of Anatomy
Glasgow, UK Medical University of Graz
Lucia Manzoli, MD Graz, Austria
Professor, Department of Anatomical
Sciences
University of Bologna
Bologna, Italy
Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy – Celebrating 25 Years
“Anatomy, of course, does not change, but our understand- and perspectives that elucidate complex anatomic relation-
ing of anatomy and its clinical significance does.” ships. This edition also includes the illustrations from older
– Frank H. Netter, MD editions of the Atlas, like Dr. Netter’s depictions of common
anatomic variations (in electronic editions and print+electronic
Whether you’re using this 6th edition of Atlas of Human packages) as bonus plates to help provide more comprehen-
Anatomy in print, as an e-Book, online, or in the Netter’s sive coverage that dissection lab hours may not allow. For the
Anatomy Atlas for iPad app—Dr. Netter’s paintings of the first time, the Atlas incorporates muscle tables as quick
intricacies of the human form remain as relevant today as look-up appendices at the end of each section for the conve-
at first launch. The publication of the 6th edition marks the nience of the clinician, student, or educator with little time.
silver anniversary of the first release of Frank H. Netter’s StudentConsult.com and NetterReference.com electronic
Atlas of Human Anatomy—when its vibrant colors and resources include some 3D models extracted from Netter’s
unique clinical perspective made it a must-have companion 3D Interactive Anatomy, dissection video selections from Net-
in anatomy classes, dissection labs, and clinical professional ter’s Online Dissection Modules by UNC at Chapel Hill, and
offices worldwide—solidifying his legacy to so many as one other supporting resources. In addition, all text throughout
of the world’s most influential medical educators. the Atlas has been meticulously updated to be in line with the
Anatomy remains a cornerstone of healthcare educa- most recent version of Terminologia Anatomica by the
tion. It is often one of the first topics taught in medical or Federal International Program for Anatomical Terminology
healthcare curricula. Anatomy is also central to so much in (FIPAT) of the International Federation of Associations of
clinical practice, from physical examination and radiologic Anatomists (IFAA).
imaging to surgery and physical rehabilitation. However, The unique visual perspective of Frank H. Netter is
changes in anatomy education and its clinical application unsurpassed. Dr. Netter brought the hand of a master medical
over these past 25 years have been significant. Medical and illustrator, the brain of a physician, and the soul of an artist
healthcare curricula increasingly integrate anatomy through- to his depictions of the human body. This 25th anniversary
out and dedicated gross-anatomy hours have decreased. edition celebrates the lasting impact of his work that contin-
Some programs have discontinued full-body dissection. ues to teach and inspire.
Advances in imaging technology have provided increasingly We want to hear from you—about the history
clearer views of living anatomy, and 3D models of anatomy and future of anatomy education and medicine and the
continue to evolve. Likewise, the Atlas has evolved. Thanks Netter legacy and invite you to share your thoughts, inspira-
to the tremendous guidance of leading clinical anatomists tions, memories, tributes, and feedback with us through
and expert anatomy educators, as well as the contributions email: [email protected] and on Facebook:
of talented medical illustrators, the 6th edition features newly www.facebook.com/NetterImages
created illustrations and modern radiologic images that
provide students with views of current clinical significance
Frank H. Netter, MD
Photograph by James L. Clayton