Atlas of Global Development: A Visual Guide to the World's Greatest Challenges

148 Pages·2011·29.154 MB·English

by  World Bank

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A visual guide to the world’s greatest challenges

Atlas oF Global development
third edition
Washington, D.C.
© 2011 The International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development /
The World Bank
1818 H Street NW
Washington DC 20433
Telephone: [phone]
Internet: www.worldbank.org
All rights reserved.
Design © HarperCollins Publishers
Published for the World Bank by Collins Geo.
An imprint of HarperCollins Publishers
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Bishopbriggs
Glasgow G64 2QT
www.collinsbartholomew.com
First Published 2007
Second edition 2009
Third edition 2011
The fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s)
and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Executive Directors of the International Bank
for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank or the governments they represent.
The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work.
The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this
work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status
of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
Rights and Permissions
The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions
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All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to
the Offi ce of the Publisher, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA;
fax: [phone]; e-mail: [email protected].
ISBN: 978-0-8213-8583-8
E-ISBN: 978-0-8213-8664-4
DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8583-8
Printed in China by South China Printing Co Ltd.
Contents
4 Acknowledgments
5 Foreword
6 Guide to the online atlas
8 Classification of economies
10 The Millennium Development Goals
14 Rich and poor
Measuring income | Growth and opportunity | How poor is poor?
28 People
Population growth and transition
34 Education
Children at work | Education opens doors
Gender and development—the role of infrastructure
48 Health
Children under 5—struggling to survive
Improving the health of mothers
Communicable diseases
62 Economy
Structure of the world’s economy | Governance
Infrastructure for development | Investment for growth
The integrating world | People on the move
Aid for development | External debt
100 Environment
The urban environment
Feeding a growing world | A thirsty planet gets thirstier
Protecting the environment | Energy security and climate change | Where is the wealth of nations?
128 Statistics
Key indicators of development
Ranking of economies by GNI per capita
Definitions, sources, notes, and abbreviations
143 Index
Acknowledgments
The text and data for the third edition of the Atlas of Global Development were prepared by the
Development Economics Data Group of the World Bank under the management of Shaida Badiee.
The team consisted of Mehdi Akhlaghi, Uranbileg Batjargal, Lopamudra Chakraborti, David Cieslikowski,
Mayhar Eshragh-Tabary, Richard Fix, Masako Hiraga, Buyant Khaltarkhuu, Soong Sup Lee, Ibrahim Levent,
Sulekha Patel, Beatriz Prieto-Oramas, William Prince, Evis Rucaj, and Giovanni Ruta. Eric Swanson
was the general editor. Jeff Lecksell made valuable contributions. Aziz Gökdemir, Stephen McGroarty,
Santiago Pombo, Stuart Tucker, and Shana Wagger from the World Bank’s Office of the Publisher
managed the development and dissemination of the book and its online companion.
The Publishing, Design, Editorial, Creative Services, and Database teams at Collins Geo,
HarperCollins Publishers, provided overall design direction, editorial control, mapping, and typesetting.
Picture credits
Curt Carnemark/World Bank 32, 40, 52, 63 (bottom), 76, 114; David A. Cieslikowski 26, 119; Emilio
Flores/Corbis 90; Michael Foley/World Bank 16, 20, 30, 56, 113 (top); Greg Girard/IFC 84; Aziz Gökdemir
98; Louise Gubb/Corbis 106; Tran Thi Hoa/World Bank 36; Yosef Hadar/World Bank 120; Henry
Huffman/World Bank 92; Anvar Ilyasov/World Bank 24; Ed Kashi/Corbis 68; Frans Lanting/Corbis 116;
Bill Lyons/World Bank 44, 71; Jamie Martin/World Bank 35; Simone D. McCourtie/World Bank 72;
Eric Miller/World Bank 46, 78; Viviane Moos/Corbis 102; Anatoliy Rakhimbayev/World Bank 105, 109;
Trevor Samson/World Bank 60, 66; Dominic Sansoni/World Bank 50, 82; Shannon Stapleton/Reuters/
Corbis 88; Eberhard Streichan/Zefa/Corbis 122; William Taufic/Corbis 63 (top); UNCHR/T. Irwin 94;
UNEP 113 (bottom); Ami Vitale/World Bank 39; Scott Wallace/World Bank 64, 101; Ray Witlin/World
Bank 49, 110.
Foreword
Human and economic development are closely The mission of the World Bank Group is to assist
linked to geography. Throughout history natural countries to overcome poverty and establish a
resources, landscapes, climate, and natural routes sustainable path for their development. Providing
have shaped the development of political and reliable information about the state of the
economic institutions, nation-states, and markets. world and its people is an important part of that
People, in turn, have reshaped their economic mission. Recognizing the formidable challenges
and social geography, through communication and great successes that have been achieved
and transport infrastructure, trade and migration, should strengthen our resolve to work together
innovation, and confl icts and cooperation. And to fi ght poverty and increase human welfare.
their activities increasingly infl uence the global To that end the World Bank has published an
climate, through deforestation, urbanization, atlas for over 40 years. This edition of the Atlas
water use, and the release of greenhouse gases. of Global Development draws on a global database
compiled from the work of the World Bank, other
Location is an important predictor of a person’s international agencies, and national statistical
welfare, with one’s prospects in life being decided offi ces of member countries. Now, as part of the
in good measure by one’s place of birth. But the World Bank’s Open Data Initiative, this database
diversity of outcomes across countries is great and is available to every reader of the Atlas for free
cannot be explained by one or even a few factors. and without restriction. I encourage you to go to
Landlocked states, for example, have a harder our data website at data.worldbank.org to explore
time participating in the global markets, and the wealth of information available. There is also
their development is often retarded, but Botswana an electronic companion to the Atlas, available at
has consistently grown faster than the rest of data.worldbank.org/atlas-global, which provides
Sub-Saharan Africa. Small, island economies and additional tools for mapping and charting the data
those in tropical regions face other obstacles to and comparing country outcomes. By sharing our
development, but Mauritius has overcome those data, tools, and research fi ndings, we hope to enlist
challenges and prospered. Although people’s many more people and their ideas from around
welfare and prospects depend on the location and the globe in creating a better world for all.
size of their economies, economic success also
depends on the dynamism and openness of their
political and economic institutions, the degree of
social and political cohesion, and the effectiveness
of their education and health services.
Justin Yifu Lin
Chief Economist and Senior Vice President,
Development Economics
The World Bank
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Figure 1
USER’S GUIDE TO THE WORLD BANK eATLAS OF • The ranking table (bottom right-hand panel), which
GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT shows indicator data, toggles from table to chart.
l
a
b Easy navigation from the home page (accessible via • A time series chart (across the bottom) is created;
o data.worldbank.org/atlas-global) clicking on any country adds data to the chart.
gl • Use the right-hand panel to select a main topic and • View (top left, red toolbar) lets you launch a second
- see related indicators for mapping. (When you make map alongside the fi rst, providing a Comparative View.
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a a selection, a description appears, and the panel
tl refreshes with the indicators [fi gure 1]) Changing and viewing countries (fi gure 2)
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/ • Use the search box (top right) to search for any word in • View and zoom to countries:
g an indicator title or description (e.g., “malnutrition”).
r • Click any country on the map or in the
o • Use indicator (top left, gray toolbar) to drill quickly ranking table to zoom, or
k. from topic to indicator.
• Use countries (above the map, gray toolbar)
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a • However you start, selecting a specifi c indicator to select a country, or
launches a world map that shows the latest available
b • Use locations (above the map, gray toolbar)
d data per country, with many other visualizations and
to select a country.
l options.
r
o • Restore the full view by clicking the map area or
w by using the inset map at the top.
Mapping basics (fi gure 2)
a. • Each time you zoom to a country, it is
at Oapnpcleic yaotiuo nh alvaeu nseclheecst.ed your indicator, the mapping • Added to the time series chart (bottom).
d • Given more context (top right-hand panel)
• The world map shows your indicator with the latest
available data for each country. Mouse over the map • Highlighted in the ranking table (bottom right-
to see country names, details, and indicator data. hand panel)
• The indicator name (above the map, gray toolbar) is
6 linked to the defi nition and source information.
Figure 2
Changing years, colors, intervals, and more (fi gure 2) • Use the play button below the chart to dynamically
• Use periods (above the map, gray toolbar) to select map the time series for your indicator. As the map
different years and “latest available” data. changes for each year, the ranking table and other
information refresh.
• Use options (above the map, gray toolbar) to change
colors, intervals, and analysis methods.
• Use locations (above the map, gray toolbar) to select Exporting, importing, bookmarking, and more with
a country. login (fi gure 2)
• Create a login (top right, red toolbar) to use the
following features:
Comparing maps and data
• Use export (top left, red toolbar) to export your
• Use view (top left, red toolbar) to select Comparative
selections as various image or data fi les.
View and see two maps.
• Use import (top left, red toolbar) to bring
• Use indicators, periods, options, and locations
your own data into the eAtlas for mapping
(above each map, gray toolbar) to select what you
and graphing.
want to compare, including any combination of
indicators and years. • Use bookmark and share (top left, red toolbar)
to retrieve and share your maps and graphs.
• Select the tabs below each map to see the ranking
table, the time series chart, and more.
• Use view (top left, red toolbar) to select Standard View
and return to one map with all the features.
Using the time series chart (fi gure 2)
• When you select a country (up to fi ve), related time
series data appear on the chart (bottom); country
name and data are shown when you mouse over.
7
Classification of economies
Low- and middle-income economies
Greenland (Den.)
East Asia & Pacific
Faeroe
Europe & Central Asia Islands
Iceland (Den)
Latin America & Caribbean
Middle East & North Africa The Netherlands
C a n a d a United
South Asia Isle of Man (UK) Kingdom
Sub-Saharan Africa Ireland
Channel Islands (UK)
High-income economies Luxembourg Fra
OECD Liechtenstein
Other U n i t e d S t a t e s MonacoAndorra Spain
Portugal
Bermuda Gibraltar (UK)
no data (UK)
Morocco
US Virgin
Mexico TuIrsklsa nadnsd (CUaKic)os TheD Boamhainmicaasn Islands (US) Former Alg
Cayman Islands (UK) Cuba RepubPliucerto St. Kitts and Nevis SSaphaanrisah
Rico (US) Antigua and Barbuda
Mauritania
GuatemalaBHeolinzedurasJamArauibcaa HDaoitmiinica MGauratdineilqouuep e(F (rF)r) Cape Verde Senegal Mali
El SalvadNoircaragua (Neth) St. Lucia Barbados The Gambia Guinea-Bissau Burkina Faso
Costa Rica Panama anTdr iTnoidbaadgoGrenada St. Vincent and the Grenadines Sierra LeoGneuinea CôteGhBanenain
AnNteiltlhese r(lNanetdhs) VeRn.Be.z udeela Guyana Frenc(hF rG)uiana Liberia d'Ivoire Togo
Colombia
Kiribati
Suriname São Tomé and Príncipe
Ecuador
Peru B r a z i l
French Polynesia (Fr)
Bolivia
Paraguay
Uruguay
Chile
Argentina
The World Bank classifies economies as low- imply that all economies in the group are
income, middle-income (subdivided into experiencing similar development or that
lower-middle and upper-middle), or high- other economies have reached a preferred or
income based on gross national income (GNI) final stage of development.
per capita. Low- and middle-income
economies are sometimes referred to as The regions used in this atlas are based on
developing economies. This is not intended to the regions defined by the World Bank for
8