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Atlas of Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine PDF

396 Pages·2001·45.219 MB·English
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Anisah el Helou Atlas of Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH Anisah el Helou A a s o Atlas o f Diag o s ic Diagnostic uclea Nuclear • • c e M Medicine Foreward by H. Kriegel With 368 Figures, 91 in Color, in More Than 2000 Separate Illustrations , Springer Dr. med. Anisah el Helou Postfach 102046 69010 Heidelberg Germany Translation: Terry C. Te/ger, 6772 Waco War, Forth Worth, TX 76733, USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publieation Data EI Helou, Anisah, 1938-Atlas of diagnostic nudear medicine / Anisah el Helou ; foreword by Heinz Kriege!. p. ; em. Includes bibliographieal referenees and index. 1. Radioisotope seanning-Atlases.l. Title. [DNLM: 1. Radionuclide Imaging-Atlases. WN 17 E41a 2000[ RC78.7.R4 E436 2000 616.07'575-dc21 ISBN 978-3-662-05889-3 ISBN 978-3-662-05887-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-05887-9 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcast~ ing, reproduetion on mierofilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this pub lieation or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of Sep tember 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for lise must always be obtained from Springer Verlag. Violations are hable für prosecution under thc German Copyright law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2001. Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 2001 Thc lise of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, ete. in this publications does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protcc tive laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Production: PRO EDIT GmbH, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany Cover design: design + production GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Typesetting and Reproduetion of the figures: AM-productions GmbH, 69168 Wiesloeh, Germany Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 10675815 21/3135/ML 543210 Fritz Straßmann * 22.02.1902 in Boppard t 22.04.1980 in Mainz Foreword Today nuclear medicine must be considered an established speeialty, an essential tool in medieal diagnosis and treatment, and an important eomponent of medieal edueation. The use of "open radionuclides" has provided the key to visualizing ehanges in biologie struetures as well as deteeting pathophysiologie and spaee-oeeupying processes within the body. During the many years in whieh nuclear medieine has evolved, numerous radiopharmaeeutieals have been tested both for the quality of their diagnostie yield and for the safety of their radioaetive emis sions. Meanwhile, the sensitivity and diagnostie eapabilities of nuclear imaging equipment at hospitals, offices, and institutions have been sub stantially improved, and quality standards for nuclear medieine proto eols and examinations have been established on the basis of intensive research. While a great many eomprehensive referenee works have been pub lished on the prineiples and praetices of radiology, there has been a dearth of works dealing with "classie" nuclear medicine. Thus, an atlas portraying the results of nuclear medicine examinations is a welcome addition to the radiologie literature. In eompiling the images, the author has drawn materials from the files of her own nuclear medicine praetiee. Her seleetion of diagnostie images vividly illustrates the range of applieations of radionuclide imaging. The atlas also includes an historical overview outlining the evolution of nuclear medicine. It is hoped that this atlas will advanee the understanding of nuclear medieine methods and examinations in allied speeialties and among students of medieal imaging. Munieh, Spring 2000 Heinz Kriegel Preface Nuclear medicine is a relatively young medical discipline. Serious work with medical radioisotopes began at German universities in 1950. Before the first production facilities were established in Europe, radioisotopes had to be flown into Germany from the United States. As a result, radionuclide studies could not be performed during inclement weather. The German Roentgenographic Society was the first professional society to recognize the importance of nuclear medi eine as a specialty and founded the Association for the Study of Radioisotopes (RIAG). Next came the Association for the Study of Radioisotopes in Internal Medicine (ARIGIM), whose first large sym posium, held in Freiburg in 1962, had an attendance of approximately 100. On February 22,1963, the director of the former Czerny Hospital in Heidelberg, Prof. Becker, ended the rivalry between the two soci eties by persuading Prof. von Hevesy, a Nobel Prize winner, to serve as the first joint chairman. Shortly thereafter, the Society of Nuclear Medicine was founded at the request of small groups of European specialists. By its tenth annual meeting, the Society had a roster of 600 members from 22 countries. There is scarcely any other specialty in which the natural seien ces, technology, physiology, and the various clinical disciplines are so closely uni ted as in nuclear medicine. As a result, nuclear medicine relies to a unique degree on interdisciplinary cooperation for its effectiveness and continued development. This atlas provides an ideal supplement to existing textbooks of nuclear medicine. By emphasizing images over written text, the Atlas of Nuclear Medicine can provide physicians, medical students, and other interested readers with an overview of the capabilities and limitations of radionuclide imaging. Advances in equipment technology and radiopharmaceuticals have been so rapid that some of the chapters may not reflect cutting-edge methodology. It should be kept in mind, however, that innovations are not always good and that time is needed to establish the validity of new techniques. I dedicate this atlas to my esteemed teacher, Prof. Fritz Strass mann, and hope that it will advance his wish that nuclear medicine be used for positive and peaceful purposes. I am grateful to his wife, Irmgard Strassmann, for providing me with his photograph. I also express thanks and appreciation to all my colleagues who worked tirelessly and in great detail, going beyond their regular duties. Without them, this book would not have been possible. Heidelberg, Spring 2000 A. el Helou Contents 1 Head and Neck .................................... . 1.1 Brain ............................................... . 1.1.1 Cerebrovascular Disease ............................. . 1.1.2 Brain Tumors ....................................... . 1.1.3 Sensitivity of Radionuclide Imaging in Cerebral Diagnosis ................................. 2 1.2 Parotid Gland ........................................ 5 1.3 Thyroid Gland ....................................... 5 1.4 Parathyroid Gland .................................... 6 2 ehest 59 2.1 Lungs 59 2.2 Breast 60 2.3 Mediastinum ....................................... . 60 2.3.1 Major Vessels ....................................... . 60 2.3.2 Heart .............................................. . 61 3 Abdomen .......................................... . 179 3.1 Gastrointestinal Tract ................................ . 179 3.2 Kidneys ............................................ . 180 3.3 Adrenals ........................................... . 180 4 Bone .............................................. . 279 4.1 Sources of Error in Scan Interpretation ................ . 279 4.2 Benign and Malignant Bone Lesions, Fractures, Systemic Diseases ................................... . 279 5 Miscellaneous ..................................... . 329 5.1 Arteries, Veins, and Lymphatics ....................... . 329 5.2 Bone Marrow ....................................... . 329 Appendix........................................... 347 A Historical Development .............................. 347 Al Head and Neck ...................................... 347 A2 Chest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 A3 Abdomen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359 A4 Bone ................................................ 373 B Definitions and Units ................................. 375 Subject Index ....................................... 383 Abbreviations AP, PA, LPO, ete. Projections (anteroposterior, posteroanterior, left posterior oblique, ete.) ATP Adenosine tri phosphate BBB Blood-brain barrier Bq Becquerel (1 Bq = 1 disintegration/s) CCK Cholecystokinin CHD Coronary heart disease Ci Curie (1 Ci = 3.7x1010 Bq) CNS Central nervous system CT Computed tomography DMSA Dimercaptosuccinic acid DTPA Diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid EANM European Association of Nuclear Medicine ECAT Emission computed axial tomography ECG Electrocardiography EDTA Ethylene dia mine tetra-acetic acid EF Ejection fraction EHDP Ethylhydroxydiphosphonate ERCP Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography HDA Heptadecanic acid HIDA See IDA HMPAO Hexamethylpropylene amine oxime HL Half-life HSA Human serum albumin HVL Half-value layer lodine IBZM lodobenzamide ICDR lododeoxycytidine IDA Iminodiacetic acid L Lumbar vertebra (L 1, L2, ete.) LAD Left anterior descending coronary artery LCA Left coronary artery LCX Left circumflex artery (circumflex branch of the left coronary artery) MAA Macroaggregated albumin MAG3 Mercaptoacetyltriglycine MDP Methylene diphosphonate MI Myocardial infarction MIBG Meta-iodobenzylguanidine MIBI Methoxyisobutylisonitrile MRI Magnetic resonance imaging OIF Octa iodofl uorescei n p.i. Postinjection RA Rheumatoid arthritis PET Positron emission tomography (positron ECAT)

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