Atlas of Craniocervical Junction and Cervical Spine Surgery PDF
Preview Atlas of Craniocervical Junction and Cervical Spine Surgery
Stefano Boriani · Livio Presutti Alessandro Gasbarrini Francesco Mattioli Editors Atlas of Craniocervical Junction and Cervical Spine Surgery 123 Atlas of Craniocervical Junction and Cervical Spine Surgery Stefano Boriani • Livio Presutti Alessandro Gasbarrini • Francesco Mattioli Editors Atlas of Craniocervical Junction and Cervical Spine Surgery Editors Stefano Boriani Alessandro Gasbarrini Bologna Bologna Italy Italy Livio Presutti Francesco Mattioli Modena University Hospital of Modena Italy Modena Italy ISBN 978-3-319-42735-5 ISBN 978-3-319-42737-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42737-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017939173 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Acknowledgment The Authors are indebted and thank Carlo Piovani for his strenuous activity as anatomical artist and for imaging collection and elaboration. Thanks to him we could select the most attractive and demonstrating images and clarify the details of surgical anatomy. v Contents Part I Anatomy 1 Anatomy of Craniocervical Junction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 M. Alicandri-Ciufelli, M. Menichetti, M.P. Alberici, and L. Presutti 2 Anatomy of the Subaxial Cervical Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 M. Girolami, R. Ghermandi, M. Ghirelli, A. Gasbarrini, and S. Boriani 3 Anatomy of the Neck . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 M. Bonali, D. Soloperto, E. Aggazzotti Cavazza, M. Ghirelli, and L. Presutti Part II Planning 4 Interventional Radiology: Presurgical Selective Angiographic Embolization (SAE) in Hypervascular Cervical Spine Tumours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Luigi Simonetti, Carlotta Barbara, Salvatore Isceri, and Elena Mengozzi 5 Anesthesiological Management and Patient Positioning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 M.R. Bacchin, M. Di Fiore, Y.E. Akman, M. Girolami, R. Ghermandi, A. Gasbarrini, and S. Boriani 6 Cervical Spine Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 M. Girolami, R. Ghermandi, A. Gasbarrini, Y.E. Akman, and S. Boriani 7 Tracheotomy Surgical Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 M. Ghirelli, F. Mattioli, G. Molinari, I. Cena, and L. Presutti 8 Surgical Planning in Cervical Spine Oncologic Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 S. Boriani, R. Ghermandi, M. Girolami, and A. Gasbarrini Part III Surgical Approaches 9 Surgical Approaches to CCJ (Endoscopic Transnasal- Transoral-Transcervical and Robotic Transoral Approach) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 F. Mattioli, G. Molteni, M. Bettini, E. Cigarini, and L. Presutti 10 Anterior and Lateral Approaches to Cervical Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 M. Ghirelli, F. Mattioli, G. Molinari, and L. Presutti 11 Posterior Approach to Cervical Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 R. Ghermandi, M. Girolami, A. Gasbarrini, and S. Boriani 12 Exemplificative Cases in Cervical Spine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 A. Gasbarrini, M. Girolami, R. Ghermandi, Y.E. Akman, and S. Boriani 13 Complications of Cervical Spine Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Gabriele Molteni, Marco Giuseppe Greco, and Pierre Guarino vii Contributors Elisa Aggazzotti Cavazza Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy Yunus Emre Akman Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department, Metin Sabanci Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Maria Paola Alberici Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy Ciufelli Matteo Alicandri Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy Maria Renata Bacchin Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy Carlotta Barbara Emergency Interventional Unit, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy Margherita Bettini Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy Marco Bonali Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy Stefano Boriani Oncologic and Degenerative Spine Surgery Department Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy Isida Cena Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy Elisa Cigarini Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy Maria Di Fiore Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy Alessandro Gasbarrini Oncologic and Degenerative Spine Surgery Department Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy Riccardo Ghermandi Oncologic and Degenerative Spine Surgery Department Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy Michael Ghirelli Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy Marco Girolami Oncologic and Degenerative Spine Surgery Department Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy Marco Giuseppe Greco Ent Department University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy Pierre Guarino Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy Salvatore Isceri Emergency Interventional Unit, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy ix x Contributors Francesco Mattioli Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy Elena Mengozzi Emergency Interventional Unit, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy Marcella Menichetti Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy Giulia Molinari Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy Gabriele Molteni Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy Livio Presutti Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University Hospital of Verona, Modena, Italy Luigi Simonetti Emergency Interventional Unit, Ospedale Maggiore, Bologna, Italy D. Soloperto Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy P. Zambito, MD ENT Department University Hospital of Verona, Modena, Italy Part I Anatomy Anatomy of Craniocervical Junction 1 M. Alicandri-Ciufelli, M. Menichetti, M.P. Alberici, and L. Presutti 1.1 Osseous Anatomy 1. The squamosal portion, located in the dorsal aspect of foramen magnum The craniocervical junction (CCJ) is an osteoligamentous 2. The basal or clival portion located anterior to the foramen complex between the occiput, atlas and axis, which provides magnum both structural stability and movement [1]. 3. The condylar part that connects the squamosal and the clival parts [4] 1.1.1 Occipital Bone The most posterior margin of the foramen magnum is called the opisthion. The most anterior midline of the fora- The occipital bone extends from the clivus anteriorly to the men magnum is termed the basion. The sagittal diameter lambdoid suture posteriorly, its embryologic origin being of the foramen magnum should be 35 ± 4 mm. The trans- four primary cartilaginous centres laid down in the chondro- verse diameter at the equator of foramen magnum is cranium around the foramen magnum, and a fifth membra- slightly less. nous element [2]. The superior nuchal line serves as a rough The condylar part includes the occipital condyles, guide for the location of the transverse sinus, and the inion, which fall just at the level and anterior to the equator of found in the midline along this line, approximates the torcular the foramen magnum. The shape of these condyles posi- herophili. The insertion of the semispinalis capitis may be the tioned on either side of the foramen magnum allows the most accurate landmark for the confluence of the sinuses [3]. skull to articulate with the cervical spine, whilst the angles A fundamental anatomical part of the occipital bone is the prevent excessive axial rotation at the craniocervical foramen magnum, which has three parts: junction [5]. M. Alicandri-Ciufelli (*) • M. Menichetti • M.P. Alberici L. Presutti Head and Neck Surgery Department, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 3 S. Boriani et al. (eds.), Atlas of Craniocervical Junction and Cervical Spine Surgery, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-42737-9_1
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